• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.295-302
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• 2006

This study was conducted to study the effects of the TA Theory and the TA Program, an educational testing tool developed to improve functional communication skills for dental hygienists. The results taken from the experiment using the TA program has been verified by Examination Tool for Personnel Communication developed by Chung(2001). 44 in two experimental groups and 16 in control group took part in TA Program training sessions. The experimental Group I received TA technique training session for 12 hours per day in a period of three days and Group II for 6 hours per day in a period of two days. From this experiment, the following conclusion was obtained. The results are as follows: 1) As it can be seen from the results of the examination taken prior to the experiment, the subjects of the control group and experimental groups were homogenous in all categories including self-disclosure, awareness, evaluation and acceptance of feedback, self-expression, coping with feelings, clearness, avoidance, dominance, handling of differences, and perceived acceptance. 2) After the training of TA Program was completed on Group I and II, the examination results are as follows: Control Group (1.5158), Group I (1.8260) / Control Group (1.4684), Group II (1.9985). The results of Group I and II (1.7970 and 1.9985 respectively) therefore showed a meaningful difference. 3) From the results of the experiment it is shown that dental hygienists' communication skills improved after receiving the TA Program training. Therefore TA Program may be used as an effective tool for such purpose. 4) As it can be observed from the data, Group I and II showed difference in the degree of improvements. Therefore, there needs to be a further investigation on the effects of the difference in training period. 5) This program is not only limited to the education of dental hygienists but may be widely applied to various forms of education and teaching methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.418-424
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• 2015

The content of ${\beta}$-carotene in agricultural foods, such as seasonings, tea, vegetables, cereals, nuts & seeds, oils & fats, and fruits, were quantitatively analyzed using reversed-phase HPLC with an UV/visible detector. Standard reference material (SRM) 2385 was used as a control material to validate measurement of ${\beta}$-carotene in this study. Recovery percentage and relative standard deviation of ${\beta}$-carotene in SRM 2385 were 102% and 1.73%, respectively. Vegetables and tea contained relatively high concentrations of ${\beta}$-carotene (young barley powder, $17,293.95{\mu}g/100g$; raw young barley, $2,755.15{\mu}g/100g$; dried green tea leaves, $13,671.85{\mu}g/100g$; green tea powder, $7,579.04{\mu}g/100g$). Contents of ${\beta}$-carotene in nuts & seeds as well as oils & fats ranged from $11.32{\mu}g/100g$ in almond products (roasted with salt) to $58.56{\mu}g/100g$ in perilla seed oil. Among 20 fruits, a high content of ${\beta}$-carotene was found in apricots (raw), which contained $2,280.35{\mu}g/100g$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.2
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• pp.193-201
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• 2016

This study was carried out to analyze the nutritional composition, bioactive components, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxic assay of cancer cells on Rubus crataegifolius (RC) : R. crataegifolius from Jangseong (RC-J), R. crataegifolius from Hwaseong (RC-H), R. crataegifolius from Ulsan (RC-U), R. crataegifolius from Sunchang (RC-S), and R. crataegifolius from Pohang (RC-P). The peroximate composition had the largest amount of carbohydrate content among all kinds of RC. As far as the mineral contents of RC, Calcium comprised the highest amount ($996.6{\mu}g/g{\pm}0.8%$) and Natrium the lowest ($6.2{\mu}g/g{\pm}1.0%$). A total of 26 kinds of free amino acids and 18 kinds of component amino acids were analyzed in RC. The results of electron donating were high scavenging effects of 80% in water extract (RC-UW) and 82.6% in ethanol extract (RC-UE) in $500{\mu}g/ml$ concentration from RC-U. Also, the cytotoxic effects of cancer cells B16F10 (RC-UW and RC-PE), H1299 (RC-SW and RC-PE), and MCF-7 (RC-JW and RC-SE) appeared in RC. Therefore, we confirmed that new varieties may possibly be developed with functional materials.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.597-607
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• 2002

Background : Even though it is well known that pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves exercise capacity, and the quality of life, in patients with chronic lung diseases, not many patients can attend hospital based intensive PR in Korea. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for a home-based PR program, and study its effectiveness. Materials and Methods : Twenty patients with chronic lung diseases were randomly divided into two groups : a home PR group comprising of 10 male patients, with a mean age of 70 years, and a control group comprising of 10 male patients, with a mean age of 65 years. We developed exercise programs, depending on the exercise capacity of each patient, which were easy to do at home. The PR program consisted of a 12 week period of enforced aerobic (mostly walking) and muscle strengthening exercises, as prescribed by the exercise specialist, in accordance with the functional capacity of the patient. In addition to the education, nutritional and psychiatric consultation was undertaken, and respiratory muscle training arranged. Patients visited hospital every 2 weeks for evaluation and exercise prescription. Results : All patients finished the 12 week course of therapy. Following the home PR, the endurance times and work capacity of the upper and lower extremities were significantly increased in the treatment group in comparison to the controls. The six minute working (Eds note:should) 'working' read "walking"?) distance was increased from $465{\pm}60m$ to $508{\pm}37m$ and the maximal inspiratory pressure from $72.8{\pm}27.2cmH_2O$ to $91.4{\pm}30.9cmH_2O$. The quality of life, as assessed by St Georges Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), was also improved following PR. (Eds note:do you have figures for before and after, and a reference for the SGRQ?i.e. for the main paper.) Conclusion : The home PR program we developed seemed to be applicable, and effective, to most of the patients with chronic lung diseases in this study.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.196-204
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the in vivo and in vitro inhibitory effect of a traditional herbal complex (HC) extract prepared from a mixture of four oriental herbs (Dioscorea Rhizoma, Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc, Bombycis corpus, Fermented Glycine soja) that have been widely used for the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus on hyperglycemia. The water extract of HC showed potent inhibitory effect on $\alpha$-glucosidase with $IC_{50}$ value of 1.24 mg/mL. Additionally, the ethanol extract of HC was also found to exhibit significant inhibitory effect against protein tyrosine phosphatase $1{\beta}$ ($PTP1{\beta}$), which is known as a major regulator of both insulin and leptin signaling. In the $PTP1{\beta}$ inhibitory assay, the most active n-hexane fraction obtained from the ethanol extract of HC, was identified as a mixture of fatty acid derivatives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In high-fat diet-low dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat, the water extract of HC improved the oral glucose intolerance as compared with rosiglitazone. HC also caused a marked decrease of body weight and fasting blood glucose and a significant improvement on glucose tolerance in metabolic syndrome mice model. These findings support that this traditional HC may be useful in the control of blood glucose in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

Tidal flats have been regarded to carry out transformation and removal of land-derived organic matter, and this purifying capability of organic matter by tidal flats is one of very important reasons for their conservation. However, integral biogeochemical studies on production and decomposition of organic matter by benthic microbes in tidal flats have been absent in Korea, although the information is indispensable to quantification of the purifying capability. Our major goals in this multidisciplinary research were to understand major biogeochemical processes and rates mediated by diverse groups of microbes dominating material cycles in the tidal flats, and to assess the contribution of benthic microbes to removal of organic matter and nutrients in the tidal flats. Our study sites were Ganghwa and Incheon north-port tidal flats that had been regarded as naturally well reserved and organically polluted, respectively. Our research group measured over 3 years primary production, biomass and community structure of primary producers, abundance and production of bacteria, enzyme activities, distribution of protozoa and protozoan grazing rates, rates of denitrification and sulfate reduction, early sediment diagenesis, primary production and respiration based on oxygen microelectrode. We analyzed major features of each biogeochemical process and their interactions. The results are compiled in the following articles in this special issue: An (2005), Hwang and Cho (2005), Mok et at. (2005), Na and Lee (2005), Yang et at. (2005), and Yoo and Choi (2005).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1797-1802
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• 2014

Background: The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A) genes encode enzymes that are involved in arachidonic acid and prostaglandin biosynthesis. Dysregulation of both genes is associated with inflammation and carcinogenesis, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We therefore hypothesized that there is an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes and susceptibility to ESCC. Methods: We performed a gene-wide tag SNP-based association study to examine the association of SNPs in PTGS2 and PLA2G2A with ESCC in 269 patients and 269 healthy controls from Taihangshan Mountain, Henan and Hebei Provinces, the rural area of China which has the highest incidence of esophageal cancer in the world. Thirteen tag SNPs in PLA2G2A and 4 functional SNPs in PTGS2 were selected and genotyped using a high-throughput Mass Array genotyping platform. Results: We found a modest increased risk of ESCC in subjects with the PTGS2 rs12042763 AA genotype (OR=1.23; 95% CI, 1.00-3.04) compared with genotype GG. For PLA2G2A, a decreased risk of ESCC was observed in subjects with the rs11677 CT (OR=0.51, 95%CI, 0.29-0.85) or TT genotype (OR=0.51, 95%CI, 0.17-0.96) or the T carriers (CT+TT) (OR=0.52, 95%CI, 0.31-0.85) when compared with the CC genotype. Also for PLA2G2A, rs2236771 C allele carriers were more frequent in the control group (P=0.02). Subjects with the GC (OR=0.55, 95%CI, 0.33-0.93) or CC genotype (OR=0.38, 95% CI, 0.16-0.94) or the C carriers (GC+CC) (OR=0.52, 95%CI, 0.32-0.85) showed a negative association with ESCC susceptibility. Conclusions: Our results suggest that PTGS2 and PLA2G2A gene polymorphisms may modify the risk of ESCC development.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to analyse and conduct the comprehensive geriatric assessment for the elderly in rural area. The subjects were 388 older people aged 65 years or older living in the community. Data for comprehensive assessment such as physical, mental, functional, social and environmental conditions were collected from January to February, 2001 through a person-to-person interview. Of the total 388 olders, 169(43.6%) were men and 219(56.4%) were women. Mean ages of men and women were $73.5{\pm}6.4$ and $74.0{\pm}6.2$ years respectively. Three common diseases of the elderly were arthralgia(51.6%), chronic back pain(33.2%) and hypertension(18.6%), and higher in women than in men. Impairment rate of vision, hearing and bowel or bladder control was 59.0%, 20.1%, and 28.4% respectively. But that of lover extremities 3.4%. In terms of cognitive function, short term memory loss was found in 33.7% of males and 44.7% of females. The percentage of fully independent in the six ADL items was 72.2% in men and 58.9% in women. In the social supportive system, 49.5% of the elderly were living with spouse, and 22.9% living alone, 26.3% having care giver. These results will provide basic data for the development of community-based health program, which gives appropriate health service for the elderly living in the community.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.10-10
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• 2017

Rice consumption has been continuously decreasing as the eating habits of Koreans have become westernized and diversified. The per capita annual rice consumption in Korea has dropped sharply from 136.4 kg in 1970 to 61.9 kg in 2016. The Korean government, therefore, has been trying to promote rice consumption by invigorating the processed food industry using rice flour. To facilitate the market for processed rice foods, it is essential to develop proper milling technology in terms of flour particle size and damaged starch content to produce high quality rice flour at competitive cost. Dry milling and wet milling are the two major processes used to produce rice flour. Although the dry milling process is relatively simple with a lower production cost, damaged starch content increases because of the high grain hardness of rice. In wet milling, the quality of rice flour is improved by reducing flour particle size as well as damaged starch content through soaking procedures. However, the production costs are high because of the additional expenses associated with the disposal of waste water, sterilization and drying of the wet flour. Recently developed technologies such as jet milling and cryogenic milling also require expensive investment and production. Therefore, developing new rice cultivars with dry milling adaptability as well as good processing properties is an important goal of rice breeding in Korea. 'Suweon 542' is a floury endosperm mutant line derived from sodium azide treatment on a high-yield, early maturing, and non-glutinous japonica rice cultivar, 'Namil'. Compared with the wild type, after dry milling process, the grain hardness of 'Suweon 542' was significantly lower because of its round and loosely packed starch granules. Also, the flour of 'Suweon 542' had significantly smaller particles and less damaged starch than 'Namil' and other rice cultivars and its particle size distribution was similar to a commercial wheat cultivar. Recently, through collaborations with nine universities and food companies, a total of 21 kinds of processed prototypes, using the dry milling flour of 'Suweon 542', were evaluated. In the production of major rice processing products, there was no significant quality difference between the flours prepared by wet milling and dry milling. Although the amount of water added to the dough was slightly increased, it was confirmed that the recipe applying the wet flour could be used without significant change. To efficiently transfer the floury endosperm characteristics of 'Suweon 542' to other commercial rice cultivars, it is essential to develop DNA marker tightly linked to the target gene. Association analysis using 70 genome-wide SSR markers and 94 F2 plants derived from 'Suweon 542'/'Milyang 23' showed that markers on chromosome 5 explained a large portion of the variation in floury grains percentage (FGP). Further analysis with an increased number of SSR markers revealed that the floury endosperm of 'Suweon 542' was directed by a major recessive locus, flo7(t), located in the 19.33-19.86 Mbp region of chromosome 5, with RM18639 explaining 92.2% of FGP variation in the F2 population. Through further physical mapping, a co-segregate and co-dominant DNA marker with the locus, flo7(t) was successfully developed, by which, thereby, breeding efficiency of rice cultivars having proper dry milling adaptability with high yield potential or useful functional materials would be improved. 'Suweon 542' maintained the early maturity of the wild type, Namil, which can be used in rice-wheat double cropping systems in Korea not only for improved arable land but also for sharing flour production facilities. In addition to the high susceptibility against major rice diseases, nevertheless, another possible drawback of 'Suweon 542' is the high rate of viviparous under prolonged rainfall during the harvesting season. To overcome susceptibility and vivipary of 'Suweon 542', the progeny lines, derived from the crosses 'Suweon 542' and 'Jopyeong', an early maturing rice cultivar with multiple resistance against rice blast, bacterial blight, and rice strip virus, and 'Heugjinju', a anthocyanin pigment containing black rice cultivar, were intensively evaluated. As the outputs, three dry milling suitable rice elite lines, 'Jeonju614', 'Jeonju615', and 'Jeonju616' were developed.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2015

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Lycii fructus (LF) and Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GU) mixture on growth performance, blood parameter, immune response and intestinal microflora in broiler. A total 750 1-d old ROSS 308 was randomly allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments with 5 replicates during d 35 of the feeding trial. Two additional diets were prepared by adding 0.5 or 1.0% of LF and GU mixture to the basal diet. The experimental diets were fed on an ad libitum basis to the birds during 35 d. Results indicated that increasing inclusion level of LF and GU mixture in diets improved BW gain (quadratic, P<0.05) and improved feed conversion ratio (quadratic, P<0.05) of birds during to 0 to 21 d. Increasing inclusion level of LF and GU mixture in diets improved BW gain (linear and quadratic, P<0.05) of birds during to 0 to 35 d. The leukocyte concentrations were not affected by increasing inclusion level of LF and GU mixture in diets. Plasma IgG concentration was increased (linear, P<0.05) as the concentrations of LF and GU mixture in diets increased. The concentrations of Lactobacillus spp. in the ileal content of birds increased (linear, P<0.05), but those of Escherichia coli decreased (quadratic, P<0.01). These results suggest that dietary LF and GU mixture may be used as a functional ingredient to improve growth performance, plasma IgG and intestinal health of birds.