• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.301-312
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• 2004

This study was performed to compare the relationship between contact lens wearer and dry-eye patient. In this study, TBUT, SIT, TTT, Rose bengal staining and McMonnies dry eye symptom questionnaire were performed as a baseline. With the base data, the subjects were classified to 3 groups : 3S patients who have dry eye signs and symptoms, 38 patients who are wearing soft contact tenses, 35 subjects who have health eyes and never worn on a contact lenses as control subjects. Contact lens wearers were divided into 3 groups according to the duration of contact lens wear. There were no significant differences in TBUT, STT, TTT, Rose-bengal staining and McMonnies dry eye symptom questionnaire result between contact lens wearer group and dry eye patients group. We suggest that there are similarities in tear function tests between the dry-eye patient and the contact lens wearer.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2012

Purpose: In this study, the effect of the eye movement direction on visual function related to accommodation was investigated when playing computer games for a certain period of time. Methods: Total 60 subjects in 20s who had the visual acuity of 1.0 or higher without any ocular disease and accommodative dysfunction were asked to play computer games separately in horizontal and vertical directions for 40 and 90 minutes and then measured their accommodative amplitude, accommodative facility, accommodative lag and relative accommodations. Thevisual function when not doing the computer game was regarded as a control value, and further compared and analyzed. Results: The accommodative amplitude, accommodative facility, accommodative lag and relative accommodations showed the tendency of decrease after the computer game for 40 minutes, and more reduced values of the visual functions were shown when the computer game extended up to 90 minutes except positive relative accommodation. Positive relative accommodation had a tendency to increase slightly after the computer game for 90 minutes. Meanwhile, the change of the visual functions was primarily influenced by the eye movement in horizontal direction rather than by the eye movement in vertical direction during computer game when analyzed by the direction of eye movement. Conclusions: Over all accommodative functions tended to decrease with the extended VDT working time by computer game, and the frequent eye movement in horizontal direction during VDT tasks could be the main cause of eyestrain since the eye movement in horizontal direction rather than vertical direction significantly affected the change of accommodative function.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to look at a systematic review on the relationships of saccadic eye movements and cognition. Through this comprehensive study, we have to compare the studies. Methods: We systematically examined papers published in journal from 1995 to 2015, using KERIS. Main words to examine are saccadic eye movements, cognitive function, cognition, relationship, saccade program, etc. Results: 6 studies were selected, All of them were saccadic eye movements. Eye movements and cognitive function have correlation. Age from 5 to 65 years from the studies, they found the relationships between cognition and saccade(p<.05). However, the results demonstrated some limitations. First, there were variation in large of age spectrum. Second, the populations were small. Therefore, in the future study, saccadic eye movements study apply to variety of interventions to separate experimental group and control group as cohort study, and majority of patients is needed on occupational therapy. Conclusions: In the future study, the use of eye movements apply to a variety of interventions and majority of patients is needed for the effect of cognitive function improvements. If occupational therapists can obtain knowledge and make a protocol for cognitive program.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2019

Facial nerve palsy has an effect on a person's well-being functionally and psychologically. Therefore, comprehensive patient management is essential. One of the most common uncomfortable and potentially debilitating features is associated with the incapacity for eye closure. Restoration of eye closure is a key consideration during the surgical management of facial palsy. In this article, we introduce simple surgical methods-which are relatively easy to learn and involve the upper and lower eyelids-for achieving eye closure. Correcting upper eyelid function involves facilitating the component of eye closure that is in the same direction as gravity and is, therefore, less complicated and favorable outcomes than correction of lower lid. Aesthetic aspects should be considered to correct the asymmetry caused by facial palsy. Lower eyelid function involves a force that opposes gravity for eye closure, which makes correction of lower eyelid ectropion more challenging than surgery for the upper eyelid, particularly in terms of effecting a sustained correction. Initially, proper ophthalmic evaluation is required, including identifying the chronicity and severity of ectropion. Also, it is important to determine whether or not lateral canthoplasty is necessary. The lateral tarsal strip procedure is commonly used for lower lid correction. However, effective lower lid correction can be achieved with better cosmesis when extensive supporting techniques are applied, including those involving cheek tissue.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.189-198
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• 2003

Videooculography (VOG) is one of the eye-movement measurement methods used for objective evaluation of vestibule -ocular reflex. A key feature of VOG is to estimate accurately the center of pupil and ocular torsion with being less influenced by the upper eyelid droop, eyelashes, corneal reflection, and eye blinks. Especially, it Is important to find the accurate center of the pupil in 3-D VOG because the inaccurate pupil center causes significant errors on measuring torsional eye movement. A new algorithm was proposed to find the center of pupil which is a little influenced by factors mentioned above. In this study, real time three-dimensional VOG which can measure horizontal, vortical, torsional eye movements, and the diameter of pupil was implemented using the proposed method.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.128-138
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• 1998

Background : There is increased recognition that rigorous approach to functional assessment will complement the assessment of clinical status. This study is to develop the appropriate visual function index in Korean patients with cataracts by the assessment of the reliability, validity of visual function indexes including VF-14. Methods : An prospective study was performed with 92 patients who had undergone either one eye or both eye cataract surgery by 3 ophthalmologists practicing at a university hospital. Patients were interviewed. and clinical data were obtained. Doctors were questioned with self-entered questionnaire forms. Medical record was examined to understand surgery process. The survey was conducted at 1-2 days before cataract surgery. Results : We used following measures : 7 visual function indexes, global measures of patients' trouble and satisfaction with vision, and best-corrected visual acuity(VA) in each eye. 7 visual function indexes showed a high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficients ${\geq}$ 0.86). The better visual acuity(operated eye, better eye), the higher patient satisfaction with vision, the lower symptom score, the lower patient trouble with vision was correlated with preoperative visual function index scores. Among 7 indexes, VF-12 with the exclusion of 2 items drivings from VF-14 is a high Cronbach's alpha coefficient and correlation coefficient and the highest $R^2$. Conclusion : We conclude that VF-12 is reliable and valid in Korea. So we suggest that in Korea, all items of VF-14, the visual function index, which is in use internationally, ought to be surveyed and VF-12 which has been excluded by 2 items of drivings from VF-14 ought to be used for analysis.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.83-98
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• 2014

This study examined the influences of eye-contact upon the relationship between mothers' control behaviors and emotions of preschool children. The participants of this study were 66 children aged 6, and their mothers. The children and mothers were observed taking part in a writing task for 15 minutes, and two coders analyzed the amount of eye-contact between children and mothers, mothers' verbal and nonverbal support and coercive control, and children's emotions in the task setting. The results showed that mothers' coercive control and nonverbal support significantly accounted for children's negative and positive emotions, respectively. In addition, the interaction between eye-contact and mothers' verbal support was significant. In particular, mothers' behaviors significantly affected children's emotions only when eye-contact occurred. Mothers' behaviors in the absence of eye-contact did not affect children's emotions. The discussion section included an analysis of the social function of eye-contact on the verbal and nonverbal communication between mothers and children, and suggestions for future study were also presented.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.27-34
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a pupil detection method using hybrid projection function and rank order filter. To reduce error to detect eyebrows as pupil, eyebrows are detected using hybrid projection function in face region and eye region is set to not include the eyebrows. In the eye region, potential pupil candidates are detected using rank order filter and then the positions of pupil candidates are corrected. The pupil candidates are grouped into pairs based on geometric constraints. A similarity measure is obtained for two eye of each pair using template matching, we select a pair with the smallest similarity measure as final two pupils. The experiments have been performed for 700 images of the BioID face database. The pupil detection rate is 92.4% and the proposed method improves about 21.5% over the existing method..

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.07a
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• pp.77-78
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• 2006

We introduced a new method for lens design that eyepiece is combined with the Navarro eye. Following Optimization of lens system-Navarro eye combination, final design has the modulation transfer function(MTF) of 0.9 at 50 cycle/mm.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 2009

In this paper, to propose a new approach to real-time eye tracking. Existing methods of tracking the user's attention to the little I move my head was not going to get bad results for each of the users needed to perform the calibration process. Infrared eye tracking methods proposed lighting and Generalized Regression Neural Networks (GRNN) By using the calibration process, the movement of the head is large, even without the reliable and accurate eye tracking, mapping function was to enable each of the calibration process by the generalization can be omitted, did not participate in the study eye other users tracking was possible. Experimental results of facial movements that an average 90% of cases, other users on average 85% of the eye tracking results were shown.