• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.809-814
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• 1995

The acute and subacute toxicity of fumomsin $B_1$ was evaluted in fingerlings of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Dipping of fish for acute toxicity was performed for a period of 48 hours, and the $TLm_{48h}$ value(median tolerance limit) was more than 1000 ppm in common carp. Severe damages were observed in various organs and among them, clubbing of gill lamella, lytic degeneration and vacuolation of liver cells, and epithelial edema of renal tubules were relatively prominent. The most significant changes were hyperbasophilic foci of liver cells in subacute toxicity test and these can imply the possibility of hepatocarcinogenecity of fumonisin $B_1$.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.129-135
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• 1994

Ninety-two isolates of Fusarium species were obtained from Chinese corn samples. The predominant Fusarium species isolated from corn seeds were F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum and F. subglutinans, and all 13 species were identified. Each isolate was grown on autoclaved wheat grains and wheat cultures were fed by twenty-one-day-old female rats for the toxicity test. Twenty-six out of 92 isolates caused the death accompanying feed refusal, severe weight loss, liver damage, and hemorrhages in the stomach and intestines. Of the toxigenic isolates, 17 isolates of F. moniliforme, 4 of F. oxysporum, 3 of F. proliferatum, and one of each F. sporotrichioides and unknown species were lethal to rats. The analyses of fumonisin B1 production of the 26 toxigenic Fusarium isolates were carried out by thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, and fumonisin B1 was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Fumonisin B1 was produced in wheat culture at levels ranging from 280 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g to 3,952 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g by all of toxigenic F. moniliforme and F. proliferatum, but by none of the other toxigenic Fusarium species. The present results suggest the high possibility of natural occurrence of fumonisin B1 in corn samples imported from China.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.69.1-69.1
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• 2003

Fumonisins are a family of mycotoxins produced from Fusarium verticillioides. Most of fumonisin B1 (FB1) toxicities can be explained by its ability to alter sphingolipid metabolism by inhibiting ceramide synthase. At least, the elevation in dihydrosphingosine (DHS) mediates the earliest toxicity of FB1. Some tissues such as kidney and liver, may be most affected by FB1 because they shows high rates of de novo sphingolipid synthesis. Recent review on FB1 toxicity by A.H. Merrill Jr. et al. suggested the possible role of dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate (dihydroS1P), which sometimes elevated in cell- or tissue specific manners. (omitted)

• Toxicological Research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2000

The objective of this experiment is to investigate neurobehavioral and developmental effects of fumonisin B1 (FB1) after prenatal FB1 administration in rats. FB1 (0.8 or 1.6 mg/kg) was orally exposed to pregnant rats during gestational days 13 to 20, whereas the vehicle alone was administered to control group. Maternal and offspring body weights, physical landmarks of incisor eruption, eye opening, testes descending and vaginal opening, open field activity, running wheel activity, and complex maze performance were included as endpoints for developmental and neurobehavioral measurement. Maternal body weights were not signfficantly altered after FB1 exposure. Percentage of maternal weight gain difference between control and 1.6 mg/kg FBI groups was about 4%. Pre- and post-weanling weight of offsprings after prenatal exposure to FB1 was not signfficantly changed, suggesting that FB1 at 0.8 or 1.6 kg/kg doses may not cross the placenta. Significant gender difference in running wheel activity on postnatal days 57 to 63 and complex maze performance on postnatal days 75 to 78 was observed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2021

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) structurally resembles sphingolipids and interferes with their metabolism leading to sphingolipid dysregulation. We questioned if FB1 could exacerbate liver or kidney toxicities in glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) and catalase (Cat) knockout mice. While higher serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and sphinganine (Sa) were measured in Gpx1/Cat knockout mice (Gpx1/Cat KO) than wild type mice after 5 days of FB1 treatment, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), sphingosine-1 phosphate (So-1-P), and sphinganine-1 phosphate (Sa-1-P) were found to be relatively low. Although Sa was highly elevated in Gpx1/Cat KO mice and wild mice, lower levels of So and Sa were found in both the kidney and liver tissues of Gpx/Cat KO mice than wild type mice after FB1 treatment. Paradoxically, FB1-induced cellular apoptosis and necrosis were hastened under oxidative stress in Gpx1/Cat KO mice.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1999

We investigated the effect of a single intravenous dose of Fumonisin $B_1(FB_1$) of rat kidney on the time sequence. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenouslyin jected with FB$_1$at 1.25 mg/kg and were euthanized at 12 hrs, 1, 2, 4, and 6 days after the injection. In $FB_1$ treated rats, serum BUN and creatinine were elevated from 12 hrs. Microscopically, the initial target site was tubules of inner stripe, with mild degenerative and necrotic changes at 12 hrs, but the tubules recovered on day 4. In outer stripe, there were only a few scattered necrotic cells on day 1. These changes became more obvious over the time passed and most severe on day 4. On day 6, regeneration occurred, manifest as hypertrophic, basophilic tubular cells. The dying cells were proved to necrotic cells instead of apoptotic cells by TUNEL. Ultrastructural changes were cytoplasmic vacuole, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondria, ballooned microvilli of the tubular cell in the outer stripe. These results showed that the renal tubules of outer medulla were the target to $FB_1$-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat. However, initial target was mner stnpe of medulla.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.37-53
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• 1993

옥수수에 자연 발생하는 F. monliforme MRC 826을 옥수수에 배양하여 배양물에 존재하는 fumonisin $B_{1}$을 정성검사 한 후, 배양물질의 독성 및 발암성을 aflatoxin $B_{1}$과 비교하여 보았다. 독성 시험은 3주령의 Sprague-Dawley(SD) 암컷 랫드 10마리를 각 군당 5마리씩 2개 군으로 나누어 제1군은 시험 군으로 배양물질을 분말사료와 1 : 1로 혼합하여 1주간 급여하였고, 제 2군은 대조군으로 분말사료만을 급여하면서 실험하였다. 시험군은 급여 3~4일경부터 침울해 보였으며, 랫드 1마리당 1주간 평균 사료 섭취량은 24 g이었고, 평균 체중은 18 g 감소하였다. 부검 시 신장의 피막박리가 곤란하였고 조직 검사 결과 간장의 공포변성에 신장 세뇨관 상피세포의 괴사등의 관찰되었다. 발암성 검사 6주령의 SD 수컷 랫드 70마리를 사용하여 중기 발암성 검색법인 diethylnitrosamine-partial hepatectomy (DEN-PH) 모델로 시험하였다. 시험군은 각 군당 14마리씩 총 5개군을 두었으며 실험 0일 때 DEN을 복상내로 투여하였고, 2주후에 제 1군(양성대조군)은 aflatoxin $B_{1}$을 2ppm 농도로 첨가한 사료를, 제4군 옥수수를 5% 농도로 첨가한 사료를, 제 5군은 옥수를 2.5% 농도로 첨가한 사료를 각각 6주간 급여하였다. 실험 3주간에 간 부분 절제술을 시술하였고, 8주간 체중변화, 사료섭취량 음수량을 측정한 후 부검하여 간장은 glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) 면역조직화학적 염색을 실시하였고, 뇌, 뇌하수체, 융선, 폐, 부신, 신장, 심장, 비장, 정낭선, 고환 및 간장 등은 H&E 염색을 하여 병변을 관찰하였다. GST-P 염색결과 5% 배양물질 투여군은 aflatoxin $B_{1}$투여군과 유사하게 GST-P 양성병소의 발현율이 대조군에 비하여 유의성 있는 증가를 보였다. 5% 배양물질 투여군 및 2.5% 배양물질 투여군은 옥수수 투여군에 비하여 증체율의 저하가 관찰되었고, 5% 배양물질 투여군에서 간, 신장, 고환 및 정낭선등의 체중에 대한 상대중량비, 혈액요소질소와 평균 적혈구 혈색소량 등은 옥수수 투여군에 비하여 유의성 있는 변화가 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과들을 종합해 볼 때 F. monliforme MRC 826 배양물질은 랫드의 간과 신장에 독성을 나타내었고, aflatoxin $B_{1}$과 마찬가지로 간암 촉진효과가 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.405-416
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• 1995

말의 뇌화연증(equine leukoencephalomalacia)과 돼지의 폐수종(porcine pulmonary edema)은 Fusarium에 오염된 옥수수로 인하여 발생되는 것으로 추정되어 왔다. 1988년에 F moniliforme에서 2차 대사산물인 fumonisin $B_1(FB_1)$이 동정되면서 오염된 옥수수와 순수 분리된 $FB_1$으로 두질병이 실험적으로 재현되었고, 말과 돼지 이외의 다른 가축에 대해서도 독성 연구가 진행되고 있다. fumonisins(FBs)는 모든 종에서 간에 독성을 나타내나 종에 따라 주요 독성 장기가 각기 다름이 밝혀지고 있다. FB의 독성 기전에 대해서는 잘 알려지지 않았으나 FB가 sphingolipid 생성과정을 차단함으로써 장기 및 혈중에 sphinganine(SA) : sphingosine(SO)를 증가시키는 것으로 알려졌다. 이는 증가된 SA : SO가 FB 독성의 진단기준이 될 수 있음을 시사하는 것이다. 최근 진행 중인 연구에 의하면, 저용량의 $FB_1$ 급식 투여가 돼지에서 혈중 입자(blood-born particle)에 대한 폐혈관 대식 세포(pulmonary intravascular macrophage)의 탐식 능력을 저하시켜, 세균 감염에 대한 감수성이 증가될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. Fusarium 속균은 전세계적으로 생산되는 옥수수에서 발생되고 있으며, 우리나라는 사료에 사용되는 옥수수의 절대량을 수입에 의존하고 있는 점을 고려할 때, 허용기준 및 무해용량 등에 대한 관리가 절실하다. 이 논문에서는 최근 연구된 FB에 의한 가축 독성에 대하여 기술하고자 한다.