• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2010

In video standards such as H.264/AVC, motion estimation (ME) / compensation (MC) is regarded as a vital component in a video coder as it consumes a large amount of computation resources. The full search technique, which is used in general video codecs, gives the highest visual quality but also has the problem of significant computational load. To solve this problem, many fast algorithm has benn proposed. Among them, NPDS show that can maintain its video quality very close to the full search technique while achieving computation reduction by using a halfway-stop technique in the calculation of block distortion measure. In this paper, we proposed algorithm by determining minimum distortion measure with predictive motion vector and using the new search order. As the result, we can check that the proposed algorithm reduces the computational load 95% in average compared to the full search, respectively with the PSNR lost about 0.04dB.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.949-955
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• 2005

In this Paper, we propose fast block matching algorithm by dividing complex areas based on complexity order of reference block and square sub-block to reduce an amount of computation of full starch(FS) algorithm for fast motion estimation, while keeping the same prediction quality compared with the full search algorithm. By using the fact that matching error is proportional to the gradient of reference block, we reduced unnecessary computations with square sub-block adaptive matching scan based image complexity instead of conventional sequential matching scan and row/column based matching scan. Our algorithm reduces about $30\%$ of computations for block matching error compared with the conventional partial distortion elimination(PDE) algorithm without any prediction quality, and our algorithm will be useful in real-time video coding applications using MPEG-4 AVC or MPEG-2.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.245-253
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• 2019

Beach lifeguards in Korea are unprepared to perform the rescue and safety management for individuals with disabilities. There is no lifeguard training that offers information regarding the rescue of individuals with disabilities. The purpose of the study was to conduct literature review and determine significant issues related to beach lifeguard and provide suggestions for lifeguard training programs and water safety for individuals with disabilities. Databases (i.e., CINAHL Plus with Full Text, ERIC, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus with Full Text) were used to search research articles and organizational documents. To find relevant documents, search terms such as water safety, lifeguard, drown prevention were used. Data were content analyzed to identify key issues. Based on the literature review, five critical issues regarding rescue of individuals with disabilities, drown prevention, and water safety were drawn and discussed in the article.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.285-297
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• 2014

This paper presents the results of an investigation into bi-directional communication in spectrum sharing-based cognitive radio (Bi-CR) systems. A Bi-CR system can increase the spectral efficiency significantly by sharing the spectrum and through the bi-directional use of spatial resources for two-way communication. On the other hand, the primary user experiences more interference from the secondary users in a Bi-CR system. Satisfying the interference constraint by simply reducing the transmission power results in performance degradation for secondary users. In addition, secondary users also experience self-interference from echo channels due to full duplexing. These imperfections may weaken the potential benefits of the Bi-CR system. Therefore, a new way to overcome these defects in the Bi-CR system is needed. To address this need, this paper proposes some novel power allocation schemes for the Bi-CR system. This contribution is based on two major analytic environments, i.e., noise-limited and interference-limited environments, for providing useful analysis. This paper first proposes an optimal power allocation (OPA) scheme in a noise-limited environment and then analyzes the achievable sum rates. This OPA scheme has an effect in the noise-limited environment. In addition, a power allocation scheme for the Bi-CR system in an interference-limited environment was also investigated. The numerical results showed that the proposed schemes can achieve the full duplexing gain available from the bi-directional use of spatial resources.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.97-103
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• 2014

In this paper, a clock-data recovery using a 1/8-rate phase detector is proposed. The use of a conventional full or half-rate phase detector requires relatively higher frequency of a recovered clock, which is a burden on the design of a sampling circuit and a VCO. In this paper, a 1/8-rate phase detector is used to lower the frequency of the recovered clock and a linear equalizer is used as a input circuit of a phase detector to reduce the jitter of the recovered clock. A test chip fabricated in a 0.13-${\mu}m$ CMOS process is measured at 1.5-GHz for a 3-Gb/s PRBS input and 1.2-V power supply.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.65-72
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• 2013

This paper presents design methodology for Memristor-CMOS circuits and its application to primitive IPs design. We proposed a Memristor model and designed basic elements, Memristor AND/OR gates. The primitive IPs based on a Memristor-CMOS technology is proposed for a Memristive system design. The netlists of IPs are extracted from the layouts of Memristor-CMOS and is verified with SPICE-like Memristor model under $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. As a result, an example design Memristor-CMOS full adder has only 47.6 % of silicon area compare to the CMOS full-adder.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.33-48
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• 2010

The study aimed to identify current situations of Korean church libraries. The results from 22 church libraries are investigated in terms of some factors such as material organization, quantity of materials, facilities, staffs, budgets, public services, users and classification systems. Current libraries are very small in its facility, quantity of the materials and the budget, and lack of the full-time librarian. Recently, children's libraries are established among small churches, and their budgets and public services are stable. Suggestions for revitalizing the church libraries are made: the pastor's understanding of the significance of church library for missions' sake, establishment of more church libraries, acquisitions of various non-book materials, budget security, necessity for a full-time librarian, provision of various types of services and cooperations among church libraries.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.5B
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• pp.557-565
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• 2011

In this paper, we assume that sensor nodes organize the multi-hop networks, are fixed, and operate as full function devices(FFD). The wireless sensor network(WSN) only consists of mobile nodes without the assistance from the fixed infrastructure, which increases the flexibility of the network. However, it is difficult to perform routing in the WSN, since sensor nodes freely join in and drop out of the network, and some sensor nodes have very low power. We propose the algorithm combining routing schemes based on the bitmap and cluster methods in this paper. Through computer simulations, we show the validity of the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.199-225
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to grow more interest and to forster research in full-texts retrieval of digitized books area through the review of Book Search Track and the analysis of research methods. First, this paper introduces the INEX tracks, the registration of INEX, the task process and the participating organizations. Second, to introduce the Book Search Track of all INEX tracks, this paper provides an overview of the test collection, the tasks, the task and submission guidelines and evaluation results of the Book Search Track's. Third, through paper review of the Book Search track that was lunched in 2007 as part of the INEX initiative, this paper presents the future research subject. This study expects that the readers are attracted by INEX tracks and full-texts retrieval of digitized books in korea.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.915-922
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• 1999

The field dependent characteristics of electron transport with GaAs impact ionization have been analyzed, using GaAa full band E-k relationship. The E-k relationship is derived from empirical pseudopotential method, using Fermi's golden rule and local form factor, and Brillouin zone is divided into tetrahedrons for calculating impact ionization rate, and tetrahedron method, in which integrates each tetrahedrons, is used. Monte Carlo simulation is used for analyzing anisotropy of impact ionization. A result of transient analysis for impact ionization has presented that anisotropy of impact ionization only arises during transient state and impact ionization is isotropic under steady state. Anisotropic characteristics of impact ionization for GaAs, which is presented in this paper, can be used in carrying out a transient analysis for GaAs devices.