• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2007

Purpose: By identifying the actual profile of emergency medical personnel's pre-admission infection control practices, this study intended to provide a basic reference material for the improvement and reorientation of pre-admission infection control measures, and thereby help establish an effective plan for pre-admission infection control activities. Methods: Total 119 EMT's working for Jeollabuk-do Provincial Fire Defense HQ were asked to join a structured questionnaire survey from June to August 2006. Results: 1. It was found that 56.1% respondents answered no guideline available on the prevention of infection. Out of our rescue brigade members who knew about relevant guideline available, 34.2% respondents answered that their department conducted quality control program for the guideline. 2. For protective outfit in emergency practice, it was found that most respondents put on gloves or nothing at all(38%), which was followed by sterile gloves(29.2%), disposable mask(26.9%), gown(4.3%) and protective goggle(1.6%). And it was noted that all respondents(100%) washed out any clothing contaminated with somatic secretion on their own. 3. For a question about any experience in emergency activities exposed to infectious diseases, it was found that most of all respondents(77.9%) answered 'No', which was followed by 'Don't Know'(18.6%) and Yes(3.9 %). 4. For a question about any experience in inquiring of patients about infectious diseases, it was found that most respondents(49.4%) answered 'Yes' and 'Sometimes'(9.1%). It was noted that 20.2% respondents had extra medical examination in medical institution in terms of whether they were exposed to infectious diseases, apart from regular medical examination. Conclusions: In order to protect 119 EMT's from infectious diseases, it will be necessary to acquire emergency medical staffs specializing in infection control and organize corresponding personnel training units to keep providing reorientation and evaluation. In addition, it will be also necessary to supply them with a full set personal protection apparatuses and other equipments required for disinfection and sterilization.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.24 no.9
• /
• pp.928-935
• /
• 2013

This paper proposed a combining technique of feature vectors which improves the performance of radar target recognition. The proposed method obtains more information than monostatic or bistatic case by combining extracted feature vectors from two receivers. For verifying the performance of the proposed method, we calculated monostatic and bistatic RCS(BRCS) of three full-scale fighters by changing the receiver position. Then, the scattering centers are extracted using 1-D FFT-based CLEAN from the calculated RCS data. Scattering centers are used as feature vectors for neural network classifier. The results show that our method has the better performance than the monostatic or bistatic case.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2013

Bile acids and synthetic bile acid derivatives induce apoptosis in various kinds of cancer cells and thus have anticancer properties. Recently, it has been suggested that autophagy may play an important role in cancer therapy. However, few data are available regarding the role of autophagy in oral cancers and there have been no reports of autophagic cell death in OSCCs (oral squamous cell carcinoma cells) induced by HS-1200, a synthetic bile acid derivative. We thus examine whether HS-1200 modulates autophagy in OSCCs. Our findings indicate that HS-1200 has anticancer effects in OSCCs, and we observed in these cells that autophagic vacuoles were visible by monodansylcadaverine (MDC)and acridine orange staining. When we analyzed HS-1200-treated OSCC cells for the presence of biochemical markers, we observed that this treatment directly affects the conversion of LC-3II, degradation of p62/SQSTM1 and full-length beclin-1, cleavage of ATG5-12 and the activation of caspase. An autophagy inhibitor suppressed HS-1200-induced cell death in OSCCs, confirming that autophagy acts as a pro-death signal in these cells. Furthermore, HS-1200 shows anticancer activity against OSCCs via both autophagy and apoptosis. Our current findings suggest that HS-1200 may potentially contribute to oral cancer treatment and thus provide useful information for the future development of a new therapeutic agent.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.385-397
• /
• 2017

This study assessed the nutrient intake for Korean adolescents using the estimated usual intake. The usual intake of 1,763 adolescents aged 12-17 years old was estimated from one-day 24-hour recall data in the 2010-2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey. The nutrient intakes of four groups according to sex (male and female) and age (12-14 and 15-17 years old) were then assessed in reference to the 2015 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. For macronutrients, the proportions of subjects below and above the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) were calculated. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cut-point method was used to assess insufficient intakes of protein, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, and iron; the full probability approach was used to assess the insufficient intake for iron among females. The proportions of subjects over the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for vitamin C, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, and iron and the proportions over the Intake Goal for sodium were calculated to assess excessive intake. The proportions of subjects above AMDR for carbohydrates ranged from 22.5% to 38.0% by group. The proportions of subjects by group with insufficient intake for vitamin C, riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus, and iron ranged 29.1-39.7%, 22.5-34.3%, 73.1-89.3%, 14.3-43.6%, and 23.2-55.5%, respectively. The proportions of subjects by group with excessive intake for sodium ranged from 91.5% to 99.3%. The results of this study represent important basic information to establish nutritional standards for school lunches as well as to decide on relevant nutrition policies for adolescents.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2009

This study aims to analyze the difference of eating habits in accordance with Sasang Constitution types. For this study, 249 persons were interviewed and surveyed, classified into Taeyang(8.4%), Soyang (19.3%), Taeeum(26.5%), and Soeum(45.8%). As for taste preference, people of the Taeeum and Soyang body constitution types tended to prefer spicy tastes while those of the Taeyang and Soeum body constitution types preferred sweet tastes. For eating habits, people of the Taeeum and Soyang body constitution types stated that they eat food relatively quickly and eat food until they feel full. They also said they normally overeat when they get stressed. The eating habits for the four groups, there was a significant difference(p<0.05) between body constitution types and eating habits. We hope that our research will provide the food service industry with helpful and new information.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.11D no.3
• /
• pp.597-604
• /
• 2004

Accurate software cost estimation is essential to both developers and customers. Most of the cost estimating models based on the size measure methods, such as LOC and FP, are obtained through size estimation. The accuracy of size estimation directly influences the accuracy of cost estimation. As a result, the overall structure of regression-based cost models applies the power function based on software size. Many growth phenomenon in nature such as the growth in living organism, performance of technology, and learning capability of human show an S-shaped curve. This paper proposes a model which estimates the developing effort by using the growth curve. The presented model assumes that the relation cost and size follows the growth curve. The appropriateness of the growth curve model based on Function Point, Full-Function Point and Use-Case Point, which are the general methods in estimating the software size have been confirmed. The proposed growth curve model shows similar performance with power function model. In conclusion, the growth curve model can be applied in the estimation of the software cost.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
• /
• v.8B no.6
• /
• pp.699-704
• /
• 2001

ABSTRACT In this paper, a new hybrid modular recurrent TDNN (time-delay neural network)-HMM (hidden Markov model) architecture for speech recognition has been studied. In TDNN, the recognition rate could be increased if the signal window is extended. To obtain this effect in the neural network, a high-level memory generated through a feedback within the first hidden layer of the neural network unit has been used. To increase the ability to deal with the temporal structure of phonemic features, the input layer of the network has been divided into multiple states in time sequence and has feature detector for each states. To expand the network from small recognition task to the full speech recognition system, modular construction method has been also used. Furthermore, the neural network and HMM are integrated by feeding output vectors from the neural network to HMM, and a new parameter smoothing method which can be applied to this hybrid system has been suggested.

• Journal of Information Display
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2003

Laser-Induced Thermal Imaging (LITI) is a laser addressed patterning process and has unique advantages such as high-resolution patterning with over all position accuracy of the imaged stripes of within 2.5 micrometer and scalability to large-size mother glass. This accuracy is accomplished by real-time error correction and a high-resolution stage control system that includes laser interferometers. Here the new concept of hybrid system that complement the merits of small molecule and polymer to be used as an OLED; our system can realize easy processing of light emitting polymers and high luminance efficiency of small molecules. LITI process enables the stripes to be patlerned with excellent thickness uniformity and multi-stacking of various functional layers without having to use any type of fine metal shadow mask. In this study, we report a full-color hybrid OLED using the multi-layered structure consisting of small molecules and polymers.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.431-437
• /
• 2003

In this paper, an approximate optimization program based on GUI(graphic user interface) environment is developed. This program is coded by using Fortran and Visual basic. Fortran is used to Progress approximate optimization process. Visual basic is used to make user environment for user to use conveniently. Inside of this program, it uses two independent programs. One is commercial program, ANSYS, and the other is optimization program, PLBA(Pshenichny-Lim-Belegundu Arora). The former is used to obtain approximate equation of stress and displacement of a structure. The latter is used to solve approximate optimization. This algorithm uses second-order information of a function and active set strategy. This program is connecting ANSYS and PLBA. And it progress the process repeatedly until it obtain optimum value. As a method of approximate optimization, sequential design domain(SDD) is introduced. SDD starts with a certain range which is offseted from midpoint of an initial design domain and then SDD of the next step is determined by optimal point of a prior step.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.607-612
• /
• 2017

The use of RaspberryPi in building an embedded system may be difficult for users in understanding the circuit and the hardware cost. This paper proposes a solution that can test the systems virtually. The solution consists of three elements; (i) editor, (ii) interpreter and (iii) simulator and provides nine full modules and also allows the users to configure/run/test their own circuits like real environment. The task of abstraction for modules through the actual circuit test was carried out on the basis of the data sheet and the specification provided by the manufacturer. If we can improve the level of quality of our solution, it can be useful in terms of cost reduction and easy learning. To achieve this end, the electrical physics engine, the level of interpreter that can be ported to the actual board, and a generalization of the simulation logic are required.