• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.46
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• pp.485-510
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• 2009

Since the inception of Internet Protocol TV's real-time service on January, 2009, technological challenges and lack of content diversity of IPTV have been cited as problem areas. While past researches focused on IPTV's technological, industrial and policy facets, this research surveyed the viewers' viewing and usage patterns, and the level of service satisfaction among actual audiences of MegaTV, SKBroadband, and LGTV since January. The results show that subscription fee and content types were the two dominant determinants in audience's choice of a particular IPTV company. The high users of IPTV were on average aged between 30-39, and women tended to be heavier users than men. The surveyed audience also regarded IPTV to be more similar to the Internet than any other medium such as Cable TV and Satellite TV. IPTV audience cited 'lifestyle service' and 'additional service' offerings to be highly relevant to their usage and satisfaction; interactive service and educational service also showed high correlation to usage and satisfaction. The most watched contents on IPTV were domestic TV series, followed by foreign movies and variety shows. 'Fees for additional features,' 'lack of real-time terrestrial TV service', and 'lack of content variety' were the major areas of concern for IPTV viewers. They answered that the monthly fee was the most important factor in the selection of IPTV. Use of pay-per-view contents and add-on interactive service fees were also seen as problematic. With regards to future usage, the IPTV audience revealed that they were very sensitive and reluctant to pay for additional services. While existing researches concentrated on IPTV's technological problems and lack of content diversity, this study illuminated the more pragmatical side of the viewers, namely, the importance of price in audience's selection of an IPTV service provider. From these results, it is recommended that, before doing anything else, the service providers try to meet the audience's expected price points in order to garner the full potential of IPTV and the attendant mass audience.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.20
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• pp.97-111
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• 2004

It is extremely crucial in academic researches to clarify exact spellings and original contents of the works under analysis. In the case of Sijo, the works in different collections of poems with the same title prove to have been transformed in its spellings and expressions through the long period. Therefore it has been a very important step which should be taken prior to a research of Sijo that spellings and expressions of those works be compared and checked. In this point of view, I believe the book titled A Full Collection of Sijo. Yokdae Sijojunseo, written by me can be of great help to identify the expressions and contents. Moreover this book enables us to check authors and melodies of the works. This is a study on the aspects and phases of transformation of an original work by examining 'Eobusasisa'. The findings are the following: first of all, the number of collections including 'Eobusasisa' is unexpectedly small; secondly, how the original work was transformed and modified in various collections. A representative collection including 'Eobusasisa' as a transformed style into Sijo is Haedonggayo, where 38 poems out of 40 of 'Eobusasisa' are collected. All the modifications and changes have been checked in this study. To sum up, it is very important to compare the variations of a Sijo work with each other. It enables us to check up and to identify the writers, spellings, expressions, and melodies.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.123-139
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• 2001

In the history of linguistics in the world the scholars in India could be regarded as the representative linguists, who had provided the cornerstone of the academic development at linguistics. Without looking into the contents of Indian linguistic theories devised and developed in the past it would be almost impossible to account for the origin of descriptive linguistics and historical linguistics. These linguistics trends became full-fledged in 19 and 20 century and are still accepted by a lot of researchers in order to analyze newly revealed languages and train students only coming up the toddling level of linguistic studies. In this paper I will show how far the influence of Indian linguistics has colored the flow of linguistic growth historically. Especially through the analysis of Panini grammar I will prove the intimate relationship between the Indian linguistic theory and the generative grammar - it is the most active theory at present. The methods that Panini applied to constitute the rules like sutra include lots of information, that also could be discovered at the rules postulated in the generative grammar. One of the common features found at both linguistic theories is the simplicity of rule representation. At the generative grammar a rule has to be established without any redundancy. When certain number of sounds like p, b, m show the same phonological. change relevant to lips (labial in linguistic term) different rules need not to be given for each sound separately. It is better to find a way of putting the sounds together in a rule with grouping the 3 sounds with the shared phonetic feature 'labial'. In Panini grammar the form of a rule was decided based on the simplicity, too. For example, sutra 6.1.77 shows the phonological connection between the vowels i, u r 1 and the semi-vowels y, v, r, 1. However, it does not require to postulate 4 individual rules respectively. Instead a rule in which the vowels and the semi-vowels are involved is suggested, and linguistically the rule make it clear that the more simpler the rules will be the better they can reflect the efficiency of human language acquisition. Although the systems introduced at Panini grammar have some sense of distance from the language education itself we cannot deny the fact that the grammar formulates the a turning point of linguistic development. It is essential for us to think over the grammar from the view point of the modem linguistic theories to understand their root and trunk more thoroughly. It will also help us to predict in which way linguistic tendency will proceed to in future.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.578-586
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• 2005

Recently, due to the launch of digital broadcasting service, the demand of Flat Panel Display (FPD) is sharply rising. Among them, the PDP is expected to be one of the most promising digital displays of next generation because of its large screen size, high resolution, thinness and board field of view. Meanwhile, the PDP uses ADS (Address Display-period Separation) scheme which divide one subfield into address and sustaining period to express the grey scale of images. Since the output of sustaining power module Is mostly used for sustaining period, the load of the sustaining power module can be considered as a pulsating load. Due to this particular load condition, if the wide ZVS range of the power switches is not guaranteed, the hard switching causes large amount of switching loss and serious thermal problem in power module. In this paper, a high efficiency power conversion circuit for 60' PDP sustaining power module which achieves wide ZVS range with the help of additional ZVS tank is proposed. According to the various gating methods, the different operations of the proposed converter are presented. And, to confirm the properties of the proposed converter, an experimental prototype of 900W power converter is constructed md tested. As a result, more than $92\%$ of high efficiency is obtained at $10\%$ load condition, and the ZVS operation is achieved from full load to $10\%$ load condition.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.16C no.2
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• pp.151-164
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• 2009

The importance of sensor networks as a base of ubiquitous computing realization is being highlighted, and espicially the security is recognized as an important research isuue, because of their characteristics.Several efforts are underway to provide security services in sensor networks, but most of them are preventive approaches based on cryptography. However, sensor nodes are extremely vulnerable to capture or key compromise. To ensure the security of the network, it is critical to develop security Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that can survive malicious attacks from "insiders" who have access to keying materials or the full control of some nodes, taking their charateristics into consideration. In this perper, we design a distributed and adaptive IDS architecture on sensor networks, respecting both of energy efficiency and IDS efficiency. Utilizing a modified HEED algorithm, a clustering algorithm, distributed IDS nodes (dIDS) are selected according to node's residual energy and degree. Then the monitoring results of dIDSswith detection codes are transferred to dIDSs in next round, in order to perform consecutive and integrated IDS process and urgent report are sent through high priority messages. With the simulation we show that the superiorities of our architecture in the the efficiency, overhead, and detection capability view, in comparison with a recent existent research, adaptive IDS.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to take a look at the cases on managing the senior human resources of business enterprises following the significant number of retirement of baby-boom generation and obligatory retirement age of 60 years of age and present the implication points in policies. With respect to the implication of the company, it would urgently require the introduction of programs with long-term point of view for career management strategy from the time of employment to the resignation, settlement of company leave system called chulhyang, expansion of wage peak system, full-time job transfer support center within the enterprise for retirement management, expansion of various consulting, conversion of paradigm on senior human resource management of top management in the enterprise level. In the government level, it is considered as required for systematic supplementation of the chulhyang system, improvement of support system for employment encouragement fund, expansion of national work capability standard-based senior employment field as well as task development, support for innovation of personnel management system, supply of management manual and implementation of job transfer education for life-time conversion period in the government level.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.733-745
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• 2010

Seasonality of hydrologic extreme variable is a significant element from a water resources managemental point of view. It is closely related with various fields such as dam operation, flood control, irrigation water management, and so on. Hydrological frequency analysis conjunction with partial duration series rather than block maxima, offers benefits that include data expansion, analysis of seasonality and occurrence. In this study, nonstationary frequency analysis based on the Bayesian model has been suggested which effectively linked with advantage of POT (peaks over threshold) analysis that contains seasonality information. A selected threshold that the value of upper 98% among the 24 hours duration rainfall was applied to extract POT series at Seoul station, and goodness-fit-test of selected GEV distribution has been examined through graphical representation. Seasonal variation of location and scale parameter ($\mu$ and $\sigma$) of GEV distribution were represented by Fourier series, and the posterior distributions were estimated by Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. The design rainfall estimated by GEV quantile function and derived posterior distribution for the Fourier coefficients, were illustrated with a wide range of return periods. The nonstationary frequency analysis considering seasonality can reasonably reproduce underlying extreme distribution and simultaneously provide a full annual cycle of the design rainfall as well.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.8 s.113
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• pp.864-871
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• 2006

In the development of electricity generating wind turbines for wind farm application, only two types have survived as the methods of power regulation; stall regulation and full span pitch control. The main purpose of this paper is to experimentally identify the characteristics of noise emission of wind turbines according to the power regulation types. The sound measurement procedures of IEC 61400-11 are applied to field test and evaluation of noise emission from each of 1.5 MW and 660 kW wind turbines (WT) utilizing the stall regulation and the pitch control for the power regulation, respectively. Apparent sound power level, wind speed dependence, third-octave band levels and tonality are evaluated for both of WTs. It is observed that equivalent continuous sound pressure levels (ECSPL) of the stall control type of WT continue to increase with increasing wind speed whereas those of the pitch control type of WT show less correlation with wind speed. These observed characteristics are believed to be due to the different airflow patterns around the blade between the stall regulation and the pitch control types of WT; the airflow on the suction side of blade in the stall types of WT are separated at the high wind speed. It is also found that the 1.5 MW WT using the stall control emits lower sound power than 660 kW one using the pitch control at wind speeds below 8m/s, whereas sound power of the former becomes higher than that of the latter in the wind speed over 8m/s. This wind-speed dependence of sound power leads to the very different noise omission characteristics of WTs depending on the seasons because the average wind speed in summer is lower than 8m/s whereas that in summer is higher. Based on these experimental observations, it is proposed that, in view of environmental noise regulation, the developer of wind farm should give enough considerations to the choice of power regulation of their WTG based on the weather conditions of potential wind farm locations.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.29
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• pp.113-131
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• 2012

In our days, we live in the world of image and imagination. Now we think that the images and imaginations are no more selective but indispensable elements in our life. The status of imagination is dramatically changed since 20 century. Many philosophers like G. Bachelard, G. Durand, Paul Ricoeur, H. Corbin, G. Deleuze made great contributions and we think that the studies of imagination began since 20 century. But the change of the status of imagination was not made in one day. In the long history of human life, the imagination kept his own value, and never stopped to give his influence to the human mentalities. The concept of imagination was born from the Plato's notion of phantasia. Plato thinks that the phantasia is a kind of drawing capacity in mind in the process of recognition. But the image which phantasia makes is not real one but pseudo one. So it is necessary to banish those false images from our recognition. Aristotle thought phantasia as an afterimage of object of sense. The sense is always true, but the phantasia is very possible to be an error. After Plato and Aristotle, the notion of phantasia developed into that of imagination, but it was always a problem full of contradictions. According to G. Durand, we can say, in some sense, the history of western philosophy is a kind of struggle against the image and imagination. In Middle Age, the iconoclasm tried to exclude image from their religion. Thomas Aquinas tried to explain the image by the rationalistic christianisme. In 16-17C Galilei and Descartes solidified the exclusion of imagination from the philosophy in the name of science and reason. The empiricism and positivism was the final and the most conclusive philosophies which exclude the imagination definitively from the field of philosophy. But the imagination continued his influence in the field of art. In the age of Renaissance, the imagination found his way of liberal expression, and this trend was inherited to Baroque. From the middle of 17c many philosophical theories supported the imagination by many philosophers like J.-B. Dubos, Baumgarten, A. Becq, J.-J. Rousseau etc. The Romanticism was the first significant wave which made the imagination come forward in front the art. The romanticism broke the narrow frame of rationalism and expand human's view of the world to the cosmos. From the romanticism, the imagination became a faculty which expresses the unity of human and nature. That was impossible by the rational thinking of rationalism. The concept of new imagination made a new future of human, 'the imagining conscious' and this imagining conscious provided a solid base of next generation's symbolism and surrealism.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.44
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• pp.343-372
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• 2016

This paper introduces symbols from Ghana, the 'Adinkra', and expands upon the concepts associated with it. In other words, the world view, values and scalability that appear to form philosophical thoughts in everyday life. 'Adinkra' are symbols from Ghana in West Africa. Adinkra means 'goodbye' or 'farewell'. There are some 400 Adinkra symbols, but the meanings of the symbols have been lost. The first book on Adinkra is 'The Adinkra Dictionary' (1998) by W. Bruce Willis. Adinkra is related to the Ghanaian culture, and represents concepts such as philosophical ideology, history, historical figures, myths, legends, animals, plants, etc. In the old days, because of its meaning-'goodbye' or 'farewell'-Adinkra was generally used for funerals. But today, Adinkra is utilized in a full range of cultural events and activities. Each of the 'Adinkra' has various meanings. According to Willis, Adinkra is ever-evolving and constantly expanding. As a matter of fact, Adinkra continues to expand, evolve and develop. Nevertheless, no books have been published on Adinkra since Bruce Willis (5 May 2016 to the present). Adinkra provides insights into the rich philosophical, educational, and historical significance of Africa. Therefore, Adinkra requires evolution, expansion, and research. In this study, we will examine the Adinkra, divided into four categories. The first is related to God and the powers, the second is related to moral education. The third symbolizes 'love' and 'friendship'. and lastly, the fourth is 'life' and 'death'.