• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.68 no.4
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• pp.143-167
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• 2016

While there have been numerous studies on various issues of aging of the individuals and the population, little is known about the process and consequences of aging of the disabled. Aging is irreversible for the disabled as well as for the not-disabled. With the advances of age, the disabled confront double jeopardy from disability and old age. This study aims to explore the meaning of aging and death for 40s and 50s living with disability for more than 20 years. It utilizes the data set collected through focus groups discussions of the disabled The cases in our analysis are composed of the disabled capable of articulating their feelings and thoughts. Thus, they are selected from the less privileged ones. The analysis shows that aging of the disabled, often involving secondary disability, overwhelms their current disability. Nonetheless, it does not necessary mean that they become an ordinary elderly person. Rather they still feel exclusion from the elderly for their disability. As getting older they turn to face social barrier for both disability and old age. Also, they are trying to live their present lives in full while accepting the presence of death Our findings are hoped to help to understand how the disabled get old and view their death in their own way.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.68
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• pp.59-75
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• 2006

At the beginning of the 21st century with taking a serious view of the harmony between human and nature, and of keeping an ecological balance, China has tried to reduce the gap in economy between rural districts and the urban city, and to carry out the policies for establishing a harmonious socialism through full-scale cooperation and continuous developments. And in order to preserve their traditional culture and to keep the historical legitimacy of People's Republic of China against urgent economical changes since the reform and openness, China has stressed the importance of training patriotic attitude on their cultural heritages. Thus the Chinese museums started to recognize more ad more the importance of social education as well as their functions of preserving the cultural property and of exhibiting it. And with them they have turned their attentions to an Ecomuseum, a new type of a museum. The ecomuseum in China was first established at a remote place between mountains where the ethnic minority inhabited. This was because of the feeling of some crises on culture native to the minority, followed by the process of China's Western Region Development. And it was recognized that they should participate actively in creating the cultural demand of the minority and in establishing a harmonious society with improving economic condition. Therefore in order to activate the ecomuseum it is localized and sinicized little by little through strengthening the management of cultural heritages of the minority.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1692-1703
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• 2008

On 2008, China comes to be an era of opening the market for 30 years, being both the 4th economically biggest country and 2nd ranked clothing export country in the world. China plays a huge consuming market for the world, along with the competition arena for the numerous world fashion brands while more than 100 kinds of Korean fashion ones being launched into the China. By applying the analysis and investigation of preferred street style. in local area to the development of fashion items and design, the synergistic effect of university and industrial corporation might also be expected. This study aims to provide the basic resources for the development of fashion design on behalf of the Korean fashion brands launched into China and moreover to anticipate the requirement on the part of Chinese consumers by way of understanding the preferred fashion styles, through analysis and investigation of the street fashion in Dalian, northeastern area of China. Conclusively, in terms of clothing style, 80.5% of casual style and 19.5% of formal style were notified. The jean casual, and easy casual being dominant in the former, feminine style in the later. In view of the high frequency of T-shirt, sleeveless on the top, full-length pants and 7/9 length pants on the bottom. The simple and cool style seems to be favored, making them easy through the hot summer. The upper clothes exposed in body part of back, chest and shoulder, were frequently shown. In light of colours. white, black, red were preferred on top, blue and black were preferred on bottom. To deal with accessories, the shoulder bag mostly preferred among bags, the sandal, slippers, snickers in sequential order among shoes, the hair pins and rubber band(tied or, held up style), in hair accessories. Other items of hat, belt, and sunglasses, which could give a point to the summer style, were identified low frequency.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.677-685
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• 2015

In a will to subdue the brittleness as well as the low tensile and flexural strengths of ordinary concrete, researches are being actively watched worldwide on steel fiber-reinforced Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) obtained by admixing steel fibers in ultra high strength concrete. For the purpose of maximizing advantage of UHPC, this study removes the upper flange of the steel girder to apply an inverted T-shape girder for the formation of the composite beam. This paper intends to evaluate the behavior of the shear connectors and the flexural characteristics of the composite beam made of the inverted T-shape girder and UHPC slab using 16 specimens considering the compressive strength of concrete, the mixing ratio of steel fiber, the spacing of shear connectors and the thickness of the slab as variables. In view of the test results, it seemed that the appropriate stud spacing should range between 100 mm and 2 or 4 times the thickness of the slab. Moreover, the relative displacement observed in the specimens showed that ductile behavior was secured to a certain extent with reference to the criteria for ductile behavior suggested in Eurocode-4. The specimens with large stud spacing exhibited larger values than given by the design formula and revealed that the shear connectors developed larger ultimate strength than predicted owing to the action of UHPC and steel after non-composite behavior. Besides, the specimens with narrow stud spacing failed suddenly through compression at the upper chord of UHPC before reaching the full capacity of the shear connectors.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.567-575
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• 2012

A research was conducted to develop a 2-D nonlinear Galerkin finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures subjected to high temperature with experiments. Algorithms for calculating the closed-form element stiffness for a triangular element with a fully populated material conductance are developed. The validity of the numerical model used in the program is established by comparing the prediction from the computer program with results from full-scale fire resistance tests. Details of fire resistance experiments carried out on reinforced concrete slabs, together with results, are presented. The results obtained from experimental test indicated in that the proposed numerical model and the implemented codes are accurate and reliable. The changes in thermal parameters are discussed from the point of view of changes of structure and chemical composition due to the high temperature exposure. The proposed numerical model takes into account time-varying thermal loads, convection and radiation affected heat fluctuation, and temperature-dependent material properties. Although, this study considered standard fire scenario for reinforced concrete slabs, other time versus temperature relationship can be easily incorporated.

• Journal of East Asia Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.65-87
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• 2020

In recent years, with the rapid development of network live streaming, with the popularization of mobile Internet and mobile terminal equipment, the live streaming industry has ushered in great development. A sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 makes the PC end live streaming which has been developed for many years enter a new era, giving birth to the rapid development of mobile end live streaming. Not only because of the expansion of the live streaming industry market, the rise of the trend of the national live streaming, but also because the mobile live streaming is more and more valued by the brand, becoming an important tool for brand communication and product promotion. It is because of its unique communication characteristics that some scholars believe that the era of precision marketing has been opened by live network. Mobile live from the initial fans to reward and promote the brand, to now in the form of live marketing, consumers can "buy while watching". The time period from the understanding of the goods to the final completion of the purchase behavior has been greatly shortened. It is conducive to improving sales volume and brand awareness. Marketing communication through mobile live platform has become a popular way of brand marketing. This paper mainly studies the current situation, methods, problems and development strategies of brand marketing activities with the help of live streaming platform under the background of mobile internet. Taking Tmall live streaming platform as an example, this paper analyzes several ways of brand marketing with the help of live streaming and some universal characteristics of live streaming marketing by using the relevant theories of marketing. In view of the problems existing in live streaming brand marketing, it puts forward relevant Improvement measures. First of all, the paper puts forward the innovation in content and form. Second, the paper suggests that we should make full use of new technologies such as AR and VR to effectively combine with mobile live broadcasting. Third, the paper explores the integration of multiple channels to create intelligent marketing, and further optimize the live interface of mobile terminals. Finally, the paper emphasizes that the government departments and the platform itself should jointly supervise the mobile network live streaming platform and establish a good live broadcasting environment for mobile terminals. With the help of mobile live streaming, the marketing mode has an important impact on the promotion of brand marketing. How to make better use of this business mode and accurately use mobile live broadcast to promote brand marketing, so that enterprises can create greater profits, is also of profound research significance.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2017

This study aims to develop a reliable and valid Geriatric Reaction Inventory-Simplified Form (GRI-SF). Reaction inventory for measuring anger (Evans & Stangelang, 1971) is an assessment tool in a view of stimuli for measuring the level of anger invoked from the anger-triggered experiences. Yet, the inventory, comprised of 76 items, is sometimes incapable of finishing up the lengthy questionnaire. In the sense, a simplified form of RI is necessary for those lacks cognitive ability such as stroke patients or the elderly. In study 1, a full version of Reaction Inventory was given for the elder who are above 60, and ten items out of 76 was selected to form GRI-SF based on the psychometric theory. In study 2, the reliability and validity of GRI-SF was tested by another sample group of elderly with some additional examinations. The reliability was good with Cronbach's alpha of 0.79. Based on the fact that GRI-SF measures the personal trait anger, GRI-SF should not be only strong correlation with the scores of trait anger strongly, but be less correlated with scores representing other aspects of anger. As a result, GRI-SF score showed strong correlations with trait anger among other sub-categories of State-Trait Expression Inventory (STAXI), and was less correlated with anger-out score which reflects behavioral aspect of anger. Moreover, it is less correlated (r=.41) with hostility representing attitudinal or cognitive aspects of anger. Consequently, GRI-SF, constructed by this research, is verified to be a reliable and valid tool for anger measurement.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.194-201
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• 2013

To investigate monitoring unit (MU) efficiency and plan quality of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) using flattening-filter free (FFF) photon beam in association with target size and location. A virtual patient was generated in Eclipse$^{TM}$ (ver. A10, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, USA) treatment planning system. The length of major and minor axis in axial view was 50 cm and 30 cm, respectively. Cylindrical-shaped targets were generated inside that patient at the center (symmetric target) and in the periphery (asymmetric target, 7.5 cm away from the center of the patient to the right direction) of the virtual patient. The longitudinal length was 10 cm and the diameters were 2, 5, 10 and 15 cm. Total 8 targets were generated. RapidArc$^{TM}$ plans using TrueBeam STx$^{TM}$ were generated for each target. Two full arcs were used and the axis of rotation of the gantry was set to be at the center of the virtual patient. Total MU, homogeneity index (HI), target mean dose, the value of gradient measure and body mean dose were calculated. In the case of symmetric targets, averaged total MU of FFF plan was 23% and 19% higher than that of flattening filter (FF) plan when using 6 MV and 10 MV photons, respectively. The difference of HI, target mean dose, gradient measure and body mean dose between FF and FFF was less than 0.04, 2.6%, 0.1 cm and 2.2%, respectively. For the asymmetric targets, total MU of FFF plan was 21% and 32% was higher than that of FF when using 6 MV and 10 MV photons, respectively. The homogeneity of the target was always worse when using FFF than using FF. The maximum difference of HI was 0.22. The target mean dose of FFF was 3.2% and 4.1% higher than that of FF for the 6 MV and 10 MV, respectively. The difference of gradient measure was less than 0.1 cm. The body mean dose was higher when using FFF than FF about 4.2% and 2.8% for the 6 MV and 10 MV, respectively. No significant differences between VMAT plans of FFF beam and FF beam were observed in terms of quality of treatment plan. The HI was higher when using FFF 10 MV photons for the asymmetric targets. The MU was increased noticeably when using FFF photon beams.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.35
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• pp.31-50
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• 1998

The purpose of this study to provide implications for improvement of Korean voluntary sector, by analyzing of program managers' subjective evaluation of voluntary program management and of their view of the needs for outside supports. For this, researchers selected 600 agencies, which are found to have a staff in charge of voluntary programs, and sent a questionnaire by mail. Those agencies are consisted of the following three. areas: social services, civil movement, public sector. The response rate was 65%, and researchers analyzed 382 respondents out of 391, besides those who did not complete the form in full. One of the results was that program managers' subjective evaluation score of overall voluntary program management was 51 points in the perfect score of 100 points. The voluntary program management was consisted of the following six areas: recruiting, job placement, public relations, education(training), program development, and. information system Specifically, program development and information system appeared to be worse than the other areas, and this fact was true in all three types of agencies of social services, civil movements, and public sector. Moreover, program managers in public sector showed that outside supports for voluntary programs (or activities) was more desperately required. Based on the results, researchers concluded that, toward the improvement of voluntary programs, professionalization as well as legal supporting system, networking, and national supporting institution were required.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.267-274
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• 2014

The culture is an integral factor when we deal with the quality of life of members of society, and the cultural right is accepted as the basic right. However, the cultural right of the disabled in our society stays in the conditions of the discrimination and alienation by social prejudices and barriers against people with disabilities, and that results from the lack of understanding as a right. The aim of this study is to further raise awareness about the cultural right of the disabled as the basic human right, make it clear to be a universal right based on that, and insist on implementing 'Affirmative Action' for actualizing the disabled's cultural right to equality. The political measures derived from this study to guarantee and realize the cultural right of the disabled are as follows. First, the target extent of cultural voucher system should be expand to not recipients of national basic livelihood guarantees and near poverty groups, but all the disabled. Second, to take full charge of the cultural support of the disabled as a independent organization, it is necessary to establish Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism-affiliated 'Bureau of Culture for Persons with Disabilities'. Third, the nationwide survey on cultural activities and desires of the disabled periodically is required.