• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.4
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• pp.93-130
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• 2001

Chosen General Government initiated the activities of collecting and managing the archives from Chosen Dynasty because of necessity to push positively for its colonial policies. Particularly, such efforts of the regime resulted eventually in boosting their understanding on the Korea cultures, as well as contributed to their reigning Korea to an extent. Some aspects that reflect it are as follows. In 1910 Chosen General Government took over, and began to arrange and classify huge volumes of archives that were held by the royal family. During this period, they collected and arranged literatures that they took over from the earlier Korean government. In 1913, Chosen General Government increased enormously the varieties and volumes of the archives that they intended to collect. They started with collecting archives limited to those literatures that had existed in the civil sector before 1894. It can be noticed that just in 1913 Chosen General Government revealed their intention to collect and classify both royal archives and civil archives. With the work of collecting, classification and annotating archives, Chosen General Government commenced the compilation of Chosensa (Korean History). These efforts aimed at cultural assimilation and educating of Korean people, and in this process, the importance of Chosen Dynasty's archives was reconfirmed. One of the representative cases was a change of terminology. With the compilation efforts into full swing since 1915, Chosen General Government repeatedly started to use the term 'Saryo' (historical records) in connection with Chosen's literatures and archives. The term 'Saryo' previously had been used in Japanese literatures, and it is deemed that it was used as a term generally referring to archives of Chosen Dynasty from that time. This signifies that Chosen General Government began to involve their historical point of view in approaching to the archives of Chosen. As they broadened their understanding on Korea through the annotation of old literatures and compilation of Chosen History, they seriously set on the work of assimilating Korean people culturally aiming at gripping its reign on Korea. Archives of Chosen likewise were very crucial basic data for understanding Korea and its people, and Chosen General Government is deemed to have utilized the archives as a means to reign and assimilate Korean people.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.168-178
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• 2019

In this paper I discuss a more complicated case of 'It'-Extraposition in English in the Optimality Theory [1] by further modifying and extending the analysis done in Khym (2018) [2] in which only the 'relatively' simple cases of 'It'-Extraposition such as 'CP-Predicate' was dealt with. I show in this paper that the constraints and the constraint hierarchy developed to explain the 'relatively' simple cases of 'It'-Extraposition are no longer valid for the more complicated cases of 'It'-Extraposition in configuration of 'CP-V-CP'. In doing so, I also discuss two important theoretic possibilities and suggest a new view to look at the 'It'-Extraposition: first, the long-bothering question of which syntactic approach between P&P (Chomsky 1985) [3] and MP (Chomsky 1992) [4] should be based on in projecting the full surface forms of candidates may boil down to just a simple issue of an intrinsic property of the Gen(erator). Second, the so-called 'It'- Extraposition phenomenon may not actually be a derived construction by the optional application of Extraposition operation. Rather, it could be just a representational construction produced by the simple application of 'It'-insertion after the structure projection with 'that-clause' at the post-verbal position. This observation may lead to elimination of one of the promising candidates of '$It_i{\ldots}[_{CP}that{\sim}]_i$' out of the computation table in Khym [2], and eventually to excluding the long-named 'It'-Extraposition case from Extrsposition phenomena itself. The final constraints and the constraint hierarchy that are explored are as follows: ${\bullet}$ Constraints: $^*SSF$, AHSubj, Subj., Min-D ${\bullet}$ Constraint Hierarchy: SSF<<>>Subj.>> AHSubj.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.638-641
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• 2016

UHD(Ultra High Definition) broadcasting is an attractive next-generation service of realistic broadcasting that enables you to feels like listening on the spot in ultra-high definition resolution. In addition, the test broadcasting run by UHD broadcasting agencies and UHDTV terminal launch could herald the full-scale UHD broadcasting era. However, in order that UHD broadcasting will be activated, the function of conditional access control and information protection through which we can on pay per view watch the programs of subscriber preference from the channels of various and subdivided genres is essential. To provide a technical foundation for these features and to achieve the UHD TV transition early, determining technology development & standardization strategy through the analysis of the key protection technologies is required In this paper, we propose standardization technologies which our country can lead and present a long-term driving directions by analyzing UHD broadcasting technology & test broadcasting trends and content protection technology & standardization trends.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.439-445
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• 2021

In view of the complex geometric structure of the rod bundle channel and the limitation of the current CHF visualization experiment technology, it is very difficult to obtain the rod bundle CHF mechanism directly through the phenomenon of the rod bundle CHF visualization experiment. In order to obtain the applicable CHF mechanism assumption for rod bundle channel, firstly, five most representative DNB type round tube CHF mechanistic models are obtained with evaluation and screening. Then these original round tube CHF mechanistic models based on inlet conditions are converted to local conditions and coupled with subchannel analysis code ATHAS. Based on 5 × 5 full-length rod bundle CHF experimental data independently developed by Nuclear Power Institute of China (NPIC), the applicability research of each model for CHF prediction performance in rod bundle channel is carried out, and the commonness and difference of each model are comparatively studied. The CHF mechanism assumption of superheated liquid layer depletion that is most likely to be applicable for the rod bundle channel is selected and two directions that need to be improved are given. This study provides a reference for the development of CHF mechanistic model in rod bundle channel.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.21-28
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• 2018

This study analyzed the physical characteristics and change characteristics of urban detached residential area. In the reality of South Korea in which the history of modern urbanization is not long, the densification that progressed together with sudden population growth without any consideration of city plans became to reveal many problems. Thereafter, apartment-centered large scaled development plans have been implemented until now as an alternative for the foregoing. As the residential environments of old downtown areas that were excluded from the development have been gradually deteriorated, large scaled re-development and reconstruction projects have been adopted as ways to solve the problems of the old downtown areas. On one hand, the development methods that damage the history of the detached housing areas have been resisted. With such a background, this study attempted the analysis of the change characteristics of the Kookmin Housing Complex in Suyu 1-dong, Seoul with a view to playing the role of evidentiary materials for the disappearing urban detached housing areas or those urban detached housing areas that may be revived. This author hopes and the results of this study will lead to careful development that presents measures to maintain and develop modern urban residential areas where the history of past residential areas and culture are disappearing due to full-scale redevelopment.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.11
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• pp.1764-1773
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• 2018

A-PET is a quad-head PET scanner developed for use in small-animal imaging. The dimensions of its volumetric field of view (FOV) are $46.1{\times}46.1{\times}46.1mm^3$ and the gap between the detector modules has been minimized in order to provide a highly sensitive system. However, such a small FOV together with the quad-head geometry causes image quality degradation. The main factor related to image degradation for the quad-head PET is the mispositioning of events caused by the penetration effect in the detector. In this paper, we propose a precise method for modelling the system at the high spatial resolution of the A-PET using a LOR (line of response) based ML-EM (maximum likelihood expectation maximization) that allows for penetration effects. The proposed system model provides the detection probability of every possible ray-path via crystal sampling methods. For the ray-path sampling, the sub-LORs are defined by connecting the sampling points of the crystal pair. We incorporate the detection probability of each sub-LOR into the model by calculating the penetration effect. For comparison, we used a standard LOR-based model and a Monte Carlo-based modeling approach, and evaluated the reconstructed images using both the National Electrical Manufacturers Association NU 4-2008 standards and the Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission simulation toolkit (GATE). An average full width at half maximum (FWHM) at different locations of 1.77 mm and 1.79 mm are obtained using the proposed system model and standard LOR system model, which does not include penetration effects, respectively. The standard deviation of the uniform region in the NEMA image quality phantom is 2.14% for the proposed method and 14.3% for the LOR system model, indicating that the proposed model out-performs the standard LOR-based model.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.38
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• pp.7-38
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• 2013

From the philosophy of Laozi, we can infer the two types of the individuals, such as Youwei individual and Wuwei individual. The Youwei individual characterizes its expandibility, which appears as an aggressive character, and the society where this has set in is a false society. The Wuwei individual discards a false power and authority, concentrates on its realities and life, and further restricts its rights in a voluntary way. Their behavioral pattern like this allows the other party to secure an autonomous space and ensures that he or she can live a full life in person. The society these Wuwei individuals have formed through their own relationships is Xuantong Society. The Xuantong Society proposed by Laozi restricts individual rights, but it rather guarantees individual's autonomy, life and happiness, and suggests an individual-community model in which common good is created endlessly even though it does not establish the common good. This is very different from the points of view which guarantees individual rights and at the same time attempt to realize the common good together.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.182-200
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• 2022

Objective: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of miniscrew assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) treatment in late adolescents and adult patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Literature search was conducted in five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) based on the PICOS keyword design focusing on MARPE. Out of the 18 CBCT screened outcomes, only nine parameters were sufficient for the quantitative meta-analysis. The parameters were classified into three main groups: 1) skeletal changes, 2) alveolar change, and 3) dental changes. Heterogeneity test, estimation of pooled means, publication bias, sensitivity analysis and risk of bias assessment were also performed. Results: Upon database searching, only 14 full-text articles were qualified from the 364 obtained results. Heterogeneity test indicated the use of the random-effects model. The pooled mean estimate were as follows: 1) Skeletal expansion: zygomatic width, 2.39 mm; nasal width, 2.68 mm; jugular width, 3.12 mm; and midpalatal suture at the posterior nasal spine and anterior nasal spine, 3.34 mm and 4.56 mm, respectively; 2) Alveolar molar width expansion, 4.80 mm; and 3) Dental expansion: inter-canine width, 3.96 mm; inter-premolar width, 4.99 mm and inter-molar width, 5.99 mm. The percentage of expansion demonstrated a skeletal expansion (PNS) of 55.76%, alveolar molar width expansion of 24.37% and dental expansion of 19.87%. Conclusions: In the coronal view, the skeletal and dental expansion created by MARPE was of the pyramidal pattern. MARPE could successfully expand the constricted maxilla in late adolescents and adult patients.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.326-335
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• 2022

Background: One of the important actions for enhancing human reliability in any industry is assessing human error probability (HEP). The HEART technique is a robust tool for calculating HEP in various industries. The traditional HEART has some weaknesses due to expert judgment. For these reasons, a hybrid model is presented in this study to integrate HEART with Best-Worst Method. Materials Method: In this study, the blasting process in an iron ore mine was investigated as a case study. The proposed HEART-BWM was used to increase the sensitivity of APOA calculation. Then the HEP was calculated using conventional HEART formula. A consistency ratio was calculated using BWM. Finally, for verification of the HEART-BWM, HEP calculation was done by traditional HEART and HEART-BWM. Results: In the view of determined HEPs, the results showed that the mean of HEP in the blasting of the iron ore process was 2.57E-01. Checking the full blast of all the holes after the blasting sub-task was the most dangerous task due to the highest HEP value, and it was found 9.646E-01. On the other side, obtaining a permit to receive and transport materials was the most reliable task, and the HEP was 8.54E-04. Conclusion: The results showed a good consistency for the proposed technique. Comparing the two techniques confirmed that the BWM makes the traditional HEART faster and more reliable by performing the basic comparisons.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.411-428
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• 2022

This paper presents the Campbell diagram analysis of the rotordynamic system using the full order model (FOM) and the reduced order model (ROM) techniques to determine the critical speeds, identify the stability and reduce the computational time. Due to the spin-speed-dependent matrices (e.g., centrifugal stiffening matrix), several model order reduction (MOR) techniques may be considered, such as the modal superposition (MS) method and the Krylov subspace-based MOR techniques (e.g., Ritz vector (RV), quasi-static Ritz vector (QSRV), multifrequency quasi-static Ritz vector (MQSRV), multifrequency/ multi-spin-speed quasi-static Ritz vector (MMQSRV) and the combined Ritz vector & modal superposition (RV+MS) methods). The proposed MMQSRV method in this study is extended from the MQSRV method by incorporating the rotational-speed-dependent stiffness matrices into the Krylov subspace during the MOR process. Thus, the objective of this note is to respond to the question of whether to use the MS method or the Krylov subspace-based MOR technique in establishing the Campbell diagram of the shaft-disc-blade assembly systems in three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA). The Campbell diagrams produced by the FOM and various MOR methods are presented and discussed thoroughly by computing the norm of relative errors (ER). It is found that the RV and the MS methods are dominant at low and high rotating speeds, respectively. More precisely, as the spinning velocity becomes large, the calculated ER produced by the RV method is significantly increased; in contrast, the ER produced by the MS method is smaller and more consistent. From a computational point of view, the MORs have substantially reduced the time computing considerably compared to the FOM. Additionally, the verification of the 3D FE rotordynamic model is also provided and found to be in close agreement with the existing solutions.