• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.sup1
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2008

Helicobacter pylori is the causative agent of chronic gastritis and has a role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer diseases, and gastric cancer. There have been reports suggesting a close link between these gastroduodenal disorders and a state of vitamin C deficiency. In this paper, the past, present and future perspectives on H. pylori infection and vitamin C will be discussed under the following view points. Since the ecological niche of H. pylori is the mucus layer and intercellular junctions of the gastric epithelium, the various kinds of host inflammatory cells motivated by the local and systemic immune responses cannot eliminate the microorganisms. When the invading foreign body is not removed, despite full activation of defense mechanisms, adverse consequences of the immune responses develop on the host gastric mucosa. The reasons for the body vitamin C depletion could be explained as follows; 1) the increased vitamin C consumption by increased oxygen free radical production through the prolonged hypersensitivity reactions in the gastric mucosa, 2) the increased vitamin C oxidation by the nitrite which is formed from nitrate reduction by the intragastric bacteria proliferated in the hypochlorhydric gastric cavity, 3) the strong ${\gamma}$-glutamyltranspeptidase activity of H. pylori which depletes the glutathiones in gastric mucosa. Depletion of glutathiones in the stomach favors irreversible oxidative destruction of ascorbic acid. Both persistent inflammatory burdens in the stomach by H. pylori and resultant vitamin C depletions synergistically and uninhibitedly might aggravate the hypothetical sequence of gastric carcinogenesis: atrophic gastritis${\rightarrow}$intestinal metaplasia${\rightarrow}$dysplasia${\rightarrow}$gastric adenocarcinoma. High intake of vitamin C could reverse the hypothetical sequence of the gastric carcinogenesis via direct and indirect effects on H. pylori and host-parasite relationships.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 2001

A lane detection based on a road model or feature all needs correct acquirement of information on the lane in an image. It is inefficient to implement a lane detection algorithm through the full range of an image when it is applied to a real road in real time because of the calculating time. This paper defines two (other proper terms including"modes") for detecting lanes on a road. First is searching mode that is searching the lane without any prior information of a road. Second is recognition mode, which is able to reduce the size and change the position of a searching range by predicting the position of a lane through the acquired information in a previous frame. It allows to extract accurately and efficiently the edge candidate points of a lane without any unnecessary searching. By means of inverse perspective transform which removes the perspective effect on the edge candidate points, we transform the edge candidate information in the Image Coordinate System(ICS) into the plan-view image in the World Coordinate System(WCS). We define a linear approximation filter and remove faulty edge candidate points by using it. This paper aims at approximating more correctly the lane of an actual road by applying the least-mean square method with the fault-removed edge information for curve fitting.e fitting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2011

Reduction of ship's rolling is the most important performance requirement for improving the safety of the crew on board and preventing damage to cargo as well as improving the comfort of the ride. It is a common experience for mariners, to see that steering with a rudder generally induces rolling of the ship, though the original aim of the rudder is to keep the ship's heading to the required course. At the first stage, when a rudder is steered, usually a ship heels in an inward direction, due to the roll moment acting on the rudder. At the next stage in steering, the main heel may change to an outward. This coupling between rudder and roll motion has become an attractive problem from the point of view of roll stabilization using the rudder, because it is a natural in sight that if the rudder action is skillfully related to the change of roll as well as to the course deviation, the roll can be reduced to a certain degree. The main aim of this paper is to discuss the results of the actual full-scale sea trials carried out on steer gear No.1 and No.1 2, the individual quartermaster and to make clear their statistical properties, using the actual data which included measurement of roll angle, roll rate and the comparative tests were carried out immediately after each other, in order to minimize any statistical variation in sea conditions. It can be concluded that the steer gear No. 1 2 reduced the roll motion on average by about 21% in comparison with the No.1 and confirmed the some difference as per a ability of quarter-master's maneuver.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.24-27
• /
• 2012

The superconducting coil system is one of the most important components in Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR), which has been operated since 2008. $Nb_3Sn$ and NbTi superconductors are being used for cable-in-conduit conductors (CICCs) of the KSTAR toroidal field (TF) and poloidal field (PF) coils. The CICCs are cooled by forced-flow supercritical helium about 4.5 K. The temperature, pressure and mass flow rate of the supercritical helium in the CICCs are interacting with each other during the operation of the coils. The complicate behaviors of the supercritical helium have an effect on the operation and the efficiency of the helium refrigeration system (HRS) by means of, for instance, pressure drop. The hydraulic characteristics of the supercritical helium have been monitored while the TF coils have stably achieved the full current of 35 kA. In other hands, the PF coils have been operated with various pulsed or bipolar mode, so the drastic changes happen in view of hydraulics. The heat load including AC loss on the coils has been analyzed according to the measurement. These activities are important to estimate the temperature margin in various PF operation conditions. In this paper, the latest hydraulic behaviors of PF coils during KSTAR operation are presented.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.558-570
• /
• 2002

This study was performed to develop an index assessing the overall diet quality for Korean. The study subjects consisted of preschool children (PC), elementary school children (EC), high school students (HS), college students (CS), and adults over 30 years old living Seoul and the surrounding areas. The subjects over 30 years old were classified to 30-49 years, 50-69 years, and over 70 years. A dietary survey was conducted using 24-hour recall method and data were collected from 2392 people. Newly developed Korean diet quality index (KDQI) was an index assessing the overall diet quality from the view point of balance. KDQI was based on the nutritional problems of Koreans, dietary risk factors for chronic degenerative diseases, 5 major food groups, and dietary guidelines. The ten components of KDQI were vegetables, fruits, dairy products, dietary variety score, calcium intake, iron intake, energy intake, fat intake, and cholesterol intake. The full score of each component was 10 points and the score of KDQI was calculated by summing the scores of the 10 components. When the KDQI was applied to this study subjects, the distribution of subjects KDQI scores was similar to normal distribution. Mean score of KDQI was 56.0 and the range of the mean by age was from 45.7 for the subjects over 70 years old to 60.7 for the elementary school children. The components which composed the lowest three means were dairy intake, fruit intake, Ca intake in most age groups. Mean score of DVS was one of the highest three but not for the subjects over 50 years old. After subjects with KDQI score over 70 were classified to higher poop and those with KDQI score under 40, to lower group, nutritional characteristics were compared. Energy contributions of carbohydrate, proteins, and fit, percentages of RDA for major nutrients, and dietary diversity scores were more adequate in the higher poop than in the lower group. The lower poop had more risks for chronic degenerative diseases. According to the results, KDQI was valid index to assess the overall diet quality and it could be used to detect risk group for malnutrition and chronic degenerative diseases.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.15 no.1 s.66
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 2007

Modern society shares new culture derived from the fusion of various cultures unlike the past culture regulating one phenomenon of certain field as the representative icon of the era. Especially, the phenomenon of globalization acts as the catalytic agent to receive coexistence of variousness easily. Especially, in fashion industry, these flows and the view of naturalism are harmonized and new fashion trend called 'Ethnic' was embossed. As it reflects internal spirit of human being that wants to return to the memory due to expansion of material civilization, the interest in the designer pursuing it is increasing. This study tries to consider the Ethnic style displayed by Chinese American designer, Anna Sui, who pursues the eastern style with full wit and individuality. Anna Sui, who was praised by New York Times for 'the superb harmony of houte couture style and up-to-date style', created another fashion trend, romanticism in New York and she is the worldwide designer representing Ethnic. Like it, the consideration on her Ethnic style reanalyzing as eastern style provides guidance to check how designer's fashion philosophy appears in one category of America and China and new study material that enables us to understand the third world culture code as well as Anna Sui. This confirmation has the meaning as the basic material for the endless challenge to the new style that fashion will go on in the future. Anna Sui was confirmed to have been recognized as a designer who represented the ethnic collection in the United States, exerting the influence with her unique oriental background. Moreover, her design could identify the pivotal point of ethnic image by developing her unique style which is distinct from other designers in terms of silhouette, color, fabric, detail, and so on. This kind of study can provide the basic data required to understand the fashion world of designer in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 2018

Force is a crucial element to be measured in various industries, especially the machine tool industry. Mega units of force are required in fields such as the heavy and ship industries. Micro/nano units of force are required for microparticles. The detection of force generates a physical transformation due to the force imposed from the outside, atlrnd electrical voltage signals are obtained from the system. For the detection of force, an octagonal ring load cell based on circular ring theory is designed and produced. To design the octagonal strain ring, theoretical values with data from the ANSYS program are compared to determine the size of the octagonal strain ring. An octagonal strain ring of the chosen size is made with the SCM415 material. The strain gauges are attached to the octagonal strain ring, designed to construct a full Wheatstone bridge. The LabVIEW program is used to measure the data, and strain values are found. With the octagonal ring load cell completed in this way, experiments are conducted by imposing forces on the tangential axis and radial axis. Experiments are performed to verify if the octagonal ring load cell conducts measurements properly, and theoretical values are analyzed to find any differences. The data will later be used in further research to develop a machine-tool dynamometer.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.93-110
• /
• 1999

The intelligence is the capacity to recognize the things and implies the meaning of abstract thought, learning and adaptability to the circumstance. Recently, as the promotion of learning ablility and memory attracts many people's attention, many studies of this have been accomplished but the pharmacological methods could not promote the intelligence and memory. In oriental medical theory, the human body is composed of four elements - essence, energy, sprit, blood and among these elements, sprit is considered as the concept of vital energy and mind. Especially, from the Jang-Fu physiological point of view, the memory is closly related with the heart and kidney In oriental medicine, some experiments on animal and literature studies on the subject of memory promotion have done. But because of difference in memory mechanism between man and animal, it is not in reason to apply the result of experiment on animal to human. Therefore I have methodological study of memory promotion to set up the concept of oriental medicine and experimental theory about this and can obtain such conclusion. 1. The oriental medical therapy for memory promotion is following. nourishing the heart and blood, regulating the function of spleen, relieving the mental stress, reinforcing the heart and kidney, invigorating and enriching the blood. 2. The insufficient intelligence in a child is considered to not be full and in an old man, it is considered to decline by degrees. 3. It is needed to molecular biological study of neurotransmitter after the using of oriental medical therapy. 4. It is possible to study using the genetic mutation or observing the collateral of brain nerve cell.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 1998.09a
• /
• pp.313-318
• /
• 1998

Electro-Optical Camera(EOC) is the main payload of Korea Multi-Purpose SATellite(KOMPSAT) with the mission of cartography to build up a digital map of Korean territory including Digital Terrain Elevation Map(DTEM). This instrument which comprises EOC Sensor Assembly and EOC Electronics Assembly produces the panchromatic images of 6.6 m GSD with a swath wider than 17 km by push-broom scanning and spacecraft body pointing in a visible range of wavelength, 510 ~ 730 nm. The high resolution panchromatic image is to be collected for 2 minutes during 98 minutes of orbit cycle covering about 800 km along ground track, over the mission lifetime of 3 years with the functions of programmable rain/offset and on-board image data storage. The image of 8 bit digitization, which is collected by a full reflective type F8.3 triplet without obscuration, is to be transmitted to Ground Station at a rate less than 25 Mbps. EOC was elaborated to have the performance which meets or surpasses its requirements of design phase. The spectral response the modulation transfer function, and the uniformity of all the 2592 pixel of CCD of EOC are illustrated as they were measured for the convenience of end-user. The spectral response was measured with respect to each gain setup of EOC and this is expected to give the capability of generating more accurate panchromatic image to the EOC data users. The modulation transfer function of EOC was measured as greater than 16% at Nyquist frequency over the entire field of view which exceeds its requirement of larger than 10%, The uniformity that shows the relative response of each pixel of CCD was measured at every pixel of the Focal Plane Array of EOC and is illustrated for the data processing.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.294-319
• /
• 2004

Because the treatment of a physician generally pertains to the intrusion into body of a patient, his/her consent is a must in order for such conduct to be justifiable. To ensure effective consent of a patient, the physician should fully inform him/her of kind and details of the disease and way of treatment and risks associated with it. The patient can, then, make a decision whether he/she should accept any treatment or operation, if necessary, on the basis of such information. The obligation of physicians to explain has since long been recognized as important in view of guaranteeing the rights of patients for self-decision and protecting them from arbitrary assessment of physicians for treatment. Progress has been made in this respect even to the extent that physicians treat patients on equal terms and think first of all much of establishing trustworthy relationships with patients. Lots of studies in Korea and foreign countries have tried to explore the issues concerning the obligation of physicians to explain in the meantime but seem to have failed to make concrete and versatile approaches from the standpoint of protecting the rights of patients. Wouldn't it be really possible for patients to perceive their own rights and cope actively with the medical treatments? If physicians have full understanding to the rights of patients, they will be put in a better situation to protect themselves and patients, in turn, can identify their own responsibility correctly, which will eventually contribute to fulfilling the goal of treatment. With this background, the present paper examines briefly the obligations of physicians for explanation based mainly on the preceding theories and judicial precedents in the first place and then deals with the status quo and contents of the German medical laws, with a focus on the treaty of European Law 1997 and its working document on the applications of genetics for health purposes that stipulate the detailed criteria on the medical treatment and rights of patients and Germany's $\ulcorner$Charter of Rights for Patients$\lrcorner$ promulgated in 2003.