• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.3 s.76
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• pp.46-51
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• 2007

A multi-purpose environmental monitoring system has been developed as a commercially available standard using the technique of hetero-core spliced fiber optic sensors, for the purposes of monitoring large-scale structures and preserving natural environments. The monitoring system has been tested and evaluated in a possible outdoor condition, in view of the full-scale operation at actual sites to be monitored. Additionally, the developed system in this work conveniently provides us with various options of sensor modules intended for monitoring such physical quantities as displacement, distortion, pressure, binary states, and liquid adhesion. Two channels of optical fiber line were monitored in each channel, three displacement sensor modules were connected in series, in order to examine the performance to a pseudo-cracking experiment in the outdoor situation and to clarify temperature influences an the system, in terms of the coupling of optical connectors and the OTDR stability. The results from the pseudo-cracking experiment agreed with the actual cracks, by means of calculation, based an the detected displacement values and their geometrical arrangement of the used sensor modules. The temperature change, ranging from 10 to $20^{\circ}C$ resulting from the 10-days free running operation, was found to influence the system stability of ${\pm}10{\mu}m$, primarily due to the coupling instability of the used optical connectors. It was found that fusion splicing, rather than the use of connectors, reduced the fluctuation dawn to ${\pm}2{\mu}m$. The specification and performance of various option modules have been demonstrated to show the capability of inspecting various physical quantities by use of the single system, which would be suitable for multi-purpose environmental monitoring.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.708-713
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• 2010

In this research a ring light was developed so that a partial shadowless shooting for the patient's affected area at the medical treatment room and surgical operation room using high luminance light emitting diode (LED) for which attention is being paid as new lighting parts for medical purpose. LED which was applied to the development used high luminance three color LED for full color for which various color materialization and the adjustment of radiation intensity are possible and we can get white light in order to emphasize the delicate expression for generic tone of shooting object, strong highlight, simple shadow and three dimensional effect at the time of close-up shadowless shooting of the affected area. And at the time of design of ring light, the characteristics of LED and the loss of light at the time of penetrating light diffusion PC were considered so that intensity of illumination for over 150 lx can be obtained. The result of measurement of the intensity of illumination of the ring light that was developed revealed that maximum intensity of illumination of 225.7 lx was obtained, while smoke index was measured to be maximum 78 Ra in the case of Red(50%) Green(100%) and Blue LED(60%). We could confirm that response speed was also very fast as 1.72 ms.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2002

In case of power demand forecasting, the most important problems are to deal with the load of special-days. Accordingly, this paper presents the method that forecasting long (the Lunar New Year, the Full Moon Festival) and short(the Planting Trees Day, the Memorial Day, etc) special-days peak load using neural networks and regression models. long and short special-days peak load forecast by neural networks models uses pattern conversion ratio and four-order orthogonal polynomials regression models. There are using that special-days peak load data during ten years(1985∼1994). In the result of special-days peak load forecasting, forecasting % error shows good results as about 1 ∼2[%] both neural networks models and four-order orthogonal polynomials regression models. Besides, from the result of analysis of adjusted coefficient of determination and F-test, the significance of the are convinced four-order orthogonal polynomials regression models. When the neural networks models are compared with the four-order orthogonal polynomials regression models at a view of the results of special-days peak load forecasting, the neural networks models which uses pattern conversion ratio are more effective on forecasting long special-days peak load. On the other hand, in case of forecasting short special-days peak load, both are valid.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2020

Purpose: To determine the long-term efficacy of the anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents, infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA), in pediatric luminal Crohn's disease (CD) by performing a systematic literature review. Methods: An electronic search was performed in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to September 26, 2019. Eligible studies were cohort studies with observation periods that exceeded 1 year. Studies that reported time-to-event analyses were included. Events were defined as discontinuation of anti-TNF therapy for secondary loss of response. We extracted the probabilities of continuing anti-TNF therapy 1, 2, and 3 years after initiation. Results: In total, 2,464 papers were screened, 94 were selected for full text review, and 13 studies (11 on IFX, 2 on ADA) met our eligibility criteria for inclusion. After 1 year, 83-97% of patients were still receiving IFX therapy. After 2 and 3 years the probability of continuing IFX therapy decreased to 67-91% and 61-85%, respectively. In total, 5 of the 11 studies subgrouped by concomitant medication consistently showed that the probabilities of continuing IFX therapy in patients with prolonged immunomodulator use were higher than those in patients on IFX monotherapy. Conclusion: This review of real-world evidence studies confirms the long-term therapeutic benefit of IFX therapy in diverse cohorts of children with luminal CD. Moreover, it supports the view that combination therapy with an immunomodulator prolongs the durability of IFX therapy in patients who previously failed to recover following first-line therapy. The limited number of time-to-event studies in patients on ADA prevented us from drawing definite conclusions about its long-term efficacy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.9 no.2 s.31
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• pp.259-267
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• 1997

Wind tunnel test results and their interpretations focused on the behavior of girder, which were performed to study the aerodynamic stability of a self-anchored suspension bridge with lateral sag of main cable, are presented in this paper The shape of the girder which has the best aerodynamic stability was selected based on the section model test under uniform and turbulent flow conditions. Good performance of the selected section was confirmed in the full bridge model test. Measured flutter derivatives are presented for further study. Buffeting response was investigated to check the fatigue problem and serviceability of the bridge but it was found to be acceptable from the engineering point of view. Even though the drag coefficient of the girder had high value, the amplitude of the lateral vibration was found to be very low. This may be due to the restraint provided by the lateral sag of the cables.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.2 s.60
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• pp.345-354
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• 2005

From the 20th century, as international trade increases with the development of transportation and industries, a standard pictorial language to facilitate exchanges with others in different countries became necessary. However, it is not easy to have a full agreement on a standard pictorial language among different cultures. Therefore, the evaluation of standard pictograms has been the main discussion issue of the 150 since the organization's establishment in 1947. Although the 150 has a test method, 1509186, the participating countries do not follow the test because it does not reflect individual seeing mechanism for decoding pictogram which varies with his/her own experience. This study focuses on the theory of graphic symbol and seeing mechanism, and suggests what should be taken into account in the standardization process. In Chapter 2, the study investigates whether there be any cultural shock as we live in the net culture, and defines what reality is from a digital aesthetics view. What should be studied further is also presented, and a new method for revised international standard by means of analyzing seeing mechanism of decoding pictogram is suggested.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2007

Recently, small-animal imaging technology has been rapidly developed for longitudinal screening of laboratory animals such as mice and rats. One of newly developed imaging modalities for small animals is an x-ray micro-CT (computed tomography). We have developed two types of x-ray micro-CT systems for small animal imaging. Both systems use flat-panel x-ray detectors and micro-focus x-ray sources to obtain high spatial resolution of $10{\mu}m$. In spite of the relatively large field-of-view (FOV) of flat-panel detectors, the spatial resolution in the whole-body imaging of rats should be sacrificed down to the order of $100{\mu}m$ due to the limited number of x-ray detector pixels. Though the spatial resolution of cone-beam CTs can be improved by moving an object toward an x-ray source, the FOV should be reduced and the object size is also limited. To overcome the limitation of the object size and resolution, we introduce zoom-in micro-tomography for high-resolution imaging of a local region-of-interest (ROI) inside a large object. For zoom-in imaging, we use two kinds of projection data in combination, one from a full FOV scan of the whole object and the other from a limited FOV scan of the ROI. Both of our micro-CT systems have zoom-in micro-tomography capability. One of both is a micro-CT system with a fixed gantry mounted with an x-ray source and a detector. An imaged object is laid on a rotating table between a source and a detector. The other micro-CT system has a rotating gantry with a fixed object table, which makes whole scans without rotating an object. In this paper, we report the results of in vivo small animal study using the developed micro-CTs.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.183-208
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• 2005

In recent years, national R&D programs tend to become larger and more complicated, which necessitates strengthening the overall coordination of national R&D programs at the inter-ministerial level from the program planning stage. This paper looks into the status and problems of Korea's national R&D programs and proffers ways to improve the current system It highlights the problems shown in the process of the 2004 overall coordination and their rectification. First, various ad-hoc private-led committee brought about inefficiency in decision making process. Therefore, it is necessary to streamline such committees and strengthen the function of the Office of Science and Technology Innovation, Second, in view of the implementation of the overall coordination system, it is necessary to identify the problems in full detail that were raised in the course of the previous year's overall coordination so that new projects can be allotted minimal grades and follow-up activities can be efficiently put into execution. Third, it is necessary to establish standing committees for constant review and efficient utilization that will be devoted to reviewing programs overlapped and their linkage. Fourth, priority of investment regarding the nation's strategic policy direction should be reflected. Fifth, given the lack of performance-based evaluation system, it is necessary to develop macro and micro evaluation indices in conjunction with enacting the tentatively named "Performance-based Law." The overall coordination system of national R&D programs should be supplemented and further developed in relation to the aforementioned problems and their rectification in order to enhance the expertise, fairness, and efficiency of the nation's R&D coordination system.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.168-179
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• 2014

Everyone has the desire to be well shaped. Modern people in the $21^{st}$ century utilize their external appearance as a tool to express their personalities and social activities for the improvement of cultural life and the acceleration of information transfer. The expression of beauty is a method of communication from the view point of creation in addition to the exchange of meaning & value, and it has become a method of image transfer due to the increased desire for a better appearance. The beauty industry was established in 1948 by the execution of the 1st hairdresser's license test, and has been developed in full scale through the enactment of the public health control act. Therefore, beauty education is currently qualitatively and quantitatively developed, and the educational role of the beauty institute has expanded to include training beauty professionals. Private beauty institutes provide students with beauty related education in preparation for the national technical qualification examinations or private beauty association tests. These beauty education opportunities enable aspiring beauticians to attend various beauty competition events and acquire a sense of accomplishment. The purpose of this study was to determine how the quality of the beauty educational institutes affects the re-registration rate, and to analyze the effect of the beauty educational institutes quality on the intention of re-registrations using a survey. The study results show that variables such as 'lecture satisfaction', 'internal environment satisfaction', 'facility satisfaction', and 'tuition satisfaction' are significantly related to the rate of re-registrations, with 'lectures satisfaction' especially having the largest influence on re-registration.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7757-7759
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• 2013

Physicians, in order to study the causes of cancer, detect cancer earlier, prevent or determine the effectiveness of treatment, and specify the reasons for the treatment ineffectiveness, need to access accurate, comprehensive, and timely cancer data. The cancer care environment has become more complex because of the need for coordination and communication among health care professionals with different skills in a variety of roles and the existence of large amounts of data with various formats. The goals of health care systems in such a complex environment are correct health data management, providing appropriate information needs of users to enhance the integrity and quality of health care, timely access to accurate information and reducing medical errors. These roles in new systems with use of agents efficiently perform well. Because of the potential capability of agent systems to solve complex and dynamic health problems, health care system, in order to gain full advantage of E- health, steps must be taken to make use of this technology. Multi-agent systems have effective roles in health service quality improvement especially in telemedicine, emergency situations and management of chronic diseases such as cancer. In the design and implementation of agent based systems, planning items such as information confidentiality and privacy, architecture, communication standards, ethical and legal aspects, identification opportunities and barriers should be considered. It should be noted that usage of agent systems only with a technical view is associated with many problems such as lack of user acceptance. The aim of this commentary is to survey applications, opportunities and barriers of this new artificial intelligence tool for cancer care information as an approach to improve cancer care management.