• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.14-15
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• 2021

Even though the Al. form system, which was developed to replace the Euro-form, has been used as the slab lower formwork for almost all concrete structures based on the light weight and high conversion rate, the low-noise Drop method has been developed and used in order to overcome the limitations of the Al. Form system such as noise pollution and safety accidents caused by free fall during the demolding. However, as the low-noise drop method is still insufficient, Safety Full Drop Al. Form method is expected to be in the spotlight in the construction market based on its excellent advantages compared to the developed methods. In addition, we plan to conduct research to further contribute to securing the quality of the overall structure through continuous improvement and supplementation by introducing an automation system to the very construction method.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.494-500
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• 2005

This study classifies somatotype from exact measurements according to the women somatotype with different drop value and isfunctional and has high body fitness. This study was preceded in the following process. Took 147 women in their 20's measurement directly and grasped the general body characteristic, and classified somatotype according to distribution of drop. Drop value is classified into Drop I, Drop II, and Drop III. Drop I is the difference value between bust line and waist line measurement. Drop II is the difference value between hip line and waist line measurement. Drop III is the difference value between hip line and bust line measurement. Suggested distribution of somatotype based on drop istribution. Classified somatotype into 4 types according to the mixture of combination of Drop I, II, and III. Comprehended the characteristics of somatotype based on basic statistical data. Type 1, M type, displays 40 % distribution that is most high distribution rate among four types and it is normal type which is similar to average value in size in the this study. Type 2, A type, displays 32.4% and it's a lower half of their body developed type with a flat busted and hippy. Type 3, X type, displays 19% and it's a healthy type with tall height, slender waist and curves of bust and hip lines. Type 4, H type, displays 8.6% and it's a biggest type in size which is busty, full hipped and nearly has no curves of body line.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2007

The object of this research was to observe the female college 220 students of aged 19-24 for four years and to examine somatotypes distribution; this research intends to contribute to the fitness of clothes by studying the body distribution that affects the clothing structure. The measurement and wearing experiment for somatotypes are done years annually. The average, standard deviation and coefficient of variation was calculated by the SAS program. The research results are as follows: The three somatotypes of side view silhouette (straight type, bend-forward type, lean-back type) showed fairly even distribution. As a result of dressing experiment with the basic bodice pattern, the most influential factor on its suitability was found to be the neck area, shoulder and ease of bodice respectively. The partial body types to observe were categorized as: shoulder(normal, slope, squared), bust(A cup, B cup, C cup), hips (normal, droop, projecting). As for the result for full body type by BMI, normal type was most dominant, and for the categorization by drop, the type A which is with small breasts and large hips was most prevalent.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.109-116
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• 2004

Normally easy task of plat in urban architecture is that using underground full of activities for increase building site efficiency. Especially for using underground space for the parking lot. Also utilize underground is more increase for fulfill requirement in modern society considered with environmental friendly architecture. The primary objective of this study is to apply analyzed formal foundation type for selecting the optimum type of parking lots considered with structural stability, economical efficiency, construction efficiency, construction duration. This study aim to on criteria decided through the questionaries for the selection considered with in the scale of second stories parking lots underground, parking volume is 80 and reinforced concrete structure. The bearing capacity is 6～8m and downward from surface, healthy ground bearing capacity is 40 t/m2. This study comparative analysis and discuss economical efficiency, construction efficiency, construction duration based constructivist stability which applied Single foundation, Mat foundation, Drop Mat foundation. The result of this study is as follows: First, the result of economical efficiency is that on the basis of single foundation, Drop Mat foundation is 1.88, Mat foundation 2.04 as a comparative analysis on the basis of total construction cost included material cost, labor coast and machinery cost. Second, the result of construction efficiency order is single foundation, Drop Mat foundation, Mat foundation as a comparative analysis on the based connected characteristics. Third, the result of construction duration is that on the basis of Mat Foundation, Drop Mat foundation is 1.33, single foundation is 1.87 as a comparative analysis Critical Path. Forth, Each foundational type characteristics order through the matrix method is that overall each formal type of foundation contraries at economical efficiency and construction efficiency, construction duration. Also expect contradiction between engineers and owners due to engineer pursuit construction duration and ewer to begin with economical efficiency. Fifth, The selection of suitable foundation formal type needs that based consider project characteristic and field condition as according to above result of a comparative analysis. As a result, a comparative analysis economical efficiency, construction efficiency, construction duration of Mat foundation, Drop Mat foundation, single foundation with 3Bay reinforced structure underground parking lots on the healthy ground.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.86-93
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• 2014

Increased demand of power-transformer's capacity inevitably results in an excessive temperature rise of transformer components, which in turn requires improved radiator design. In this paper, numerical simulation of the cooling performance of an ONAN-type (Oil Natural Air Natural) radiator surrounded by air was performed by using CFX. The natural convection of the air was treated with the full-model. The present parametric study considers variation of important variables that are expected to affect the cooling performance. We changed the pattern and cross-sectional area of flow passages, the fin interval, the flow rate of oil and shape of flow passages. Results show that the area of flow passage, the fin interval, the flow rate of oil and shape of flow passages considerably affect the cooling performance whereas the pattern of flow passages is not so much influential. We also found that for the case of the fin interval smaller than the basic design, the temperature drop decreases while a larger interval gives almost unchanged temperature drop, indicating that the basic design is optimal. Further, as the flow rate of oil increases, the temperature drop slowly decreases as expected. On the other hand, when the shape of flow passages are changed, temperature drop is increased, indicating that the cooling performance is enhanced thereupon.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2014

Since a typical plate heat exchanger is made up of a huge number of unitary cells, it may be impossible to predict the aero-thermal performance of the full scale heat exchanger through three-dimensional numerical simulation due to the enormous amount of computing resources and time required. In the present study, a simple flow-network model using the friction factor correlation and a thermal-network model based on the effectiveness-number of transfer units (${\varepsilon}$-NTU) method has been developed. The complicated flow pattern inside the cross-corrugated heat exchanger has been modeled into flow and thermal networks. Using this model, the heat transfer between neighboring streams can be considered, and the pressure drop and the heat transfer rate of full-scale heat exchanger matrix are calculated. In the calculation, the aero-thermal performance of each unitary cell of the heat exchanger matrix was evaluated using correlations of the Fanning friction factor f and the Nusselt number Nu, which were calculated by unitary-cell CFD model.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.542-549
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• 1997

HFC-227ea and HCFC Blend A were evaluated using full-scale fire tests to obtain information on their fire suppression performance, drop-in capability, thermal decomposition products and physical behaviour of the agent such as its flow characteristics in the piping system. Also, full-scale tests were conducted with Halon 1301 to provide a basis for comparison. Halon 1301, at concentrations of 5% to 7.5%, showed effective total-flooding fire- extinguishing performance for all test scenarios. HFC-227ea, at a design concentration of 7.6% or higher, and HCFC Blend A, at a design concentration of 12%, extinguished all fires in the test facility, however, these agents produced higher concentrations of acid gases than Halon 1301. The quantity of the acid gases generated during fire suppression was dependent on agent concentration, agent discharge time, fire type and size as well as extinguishment time.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.3 s.62
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• pp.119-129
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• 2007

This study illustrates a prototype proposal and its evaluation for the development of floor plans in the condominium housing remodeling. For this I evaluated the survey of the residents of the 'K' town in Joonge-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, against the proposal which was developed based on the resident's pre-survey. The result includes that the residents' preference for community actions such as the removal of fences which are reviewed as negative, whereas the introduction of a fitness center and community facilities in the library are reviewed as positive. The residents preferred the open space by the piloti structure, although which is the wall column structure, where they anticipated a rest area, sports facilities, and bicycle drop-off spots. The sidewall proposal in the main building and the full use of the roof floor were underestimated in terms of design concept. The research also illustrated the residents' desired space planning options, those tending to use of space 'B type', personalization 'C type' and spatial size 'A type'. Residents responded positively to the introduction of the 'Alpha' space in which two households share one space that could be used for multiple purposes such as a rest area, an environment-friendly garden, and hobby room, etc, and also there is another possibility it plays an important role to the sociality in community.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.44-50
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• 2003

Cooled EGR is an effective method for the reduction of NOx from a diesel engine and an EGR Cooler is the key component of the system. High efficiency, low pressure loss and compactness are required for the EGR Cooler. To meet these requirements, new geometric tube must be developed. In this paper, a full size EGR cooler test bench has been developed to validate the CFD flow and heat transfer models. Fluid temperature and pressure drop measurements are provided. fillet temperature is $200^{\circ}C$ and $300^{\circ}C$, and flow rates vary from 0.008 kg/sec to 0.019 kg/sec. The gas flow and heat transfer in a single tube cooler have been studied using computational fluid dynamics(CFD). Analysis has been carried out in a single tube with a plain tube and six spirally enhanced tubes of varying pitch to depth ratio(p/e).

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2017.07a
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• pp.577-595
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• 2017

${\bullet}$ Silicon Carbide (SiC) had excellent material properties as the base material for next generation of power semiconductor. In developing SiC MOSFET, gate oxide reliability issues had to be first overcome before commercial application. Besides, a high and stable gate-source voltage threshold $V_{GS(th)}$ is also an important parameter for operation robustness. SiC MOSFET with such characteristics can directly use existing high-speed IGBT gate driver IC's. ${\bullet}$ The linear voltage drop characteristics of SiC MOSFET will bring lower conduction loss averaged over full AC cycle compared to similarly rate IGBT. Lower switching loss enable higher switching frequency. Using package with auxiliary source terminal for gate driving will further reduce switching losses. Dynamic characteristics can fully controlled by simple gate resistors. ${\bullet}$ The low switching losses characteristics of SiC MOSFET can substantially reduce power losses in high switching frequency operation. Significant power loss reduction is also possible even at low switching frequency and low switching speed. in T-type 3-level topology, SiC MOSFET solution enable three times higher switching freqeuncy at same efficiency.