• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2015

A novel process has successfully been developed by overcoming major difficulties through the elimination of number of process steps involved in the Classical Transesterification reaction during the preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl/Ethyl Ester (FAME.FAEE) called biodiesel. The Classical process with cost intensive process steps such as the utilization of excess alcohol, needing downstream distillation for the recovery and reutilization of excess alcohol/cosolvent, unrecoverable homogenous catalyst which consumes vast quantity of fresh distilled water during the purification of the product and downstream waste water treatment before its safe disposal to the surface water body. The Novel Process FAME/FAEE is produced from any vegetable oil irrespective of edible or inedible variety using sonication energy. The novelty of the finding is the use of only theoretical quantity of alcohol along with a co-solvent and reduced quantity of homogeneous catalyst. Under this condition neither the homogeneous catalyst goes to the FAME layer nor is the distillation needed. The same ester also has been prepared in high pressure high temperature reactor without using catalyst at sub critical temperature. The quality of prepared biodiesel without involving any purification step meets the ASTM standards. Blended Biodiesel with Common Diesel Fuel (CDF) and FAME is prepared, characterized and used as fuel in the Kirloskar make CI Engines. The evaluation of the engine performance result of pure CDF, B05 biodiesel, B10 biodiesel of all types of biodiesel prepared by using the feedstock of Soybean (Glycine max) and Karanja (Pongamia pinnate) oil along with their mixed oil provides useful information such as brake power, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, etc, and established it as ideal fuel for unmodified CI engine.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.236-242
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• 1994

In this paper, the streaming electrification characteristics of insulating oil were examined when the oil is contacted with solid materials in a circulating system. The streaming current($I_s$) increases with increasing oil velocity and temperature, and electrification properties depend on species of metal materials. $I_s$ in the gauze-contained electrification apparatus increases with increasing oil temperature below the temperature of 43[>$^{\circ}C$], but decreases above 43[>$^{\circ}C$]. On the other hand, $I_s$ is positive electrificated for the pipe of Fe, Cu, while it is negative electrificated for Sus. When insulating oil flows through a car fuel filter, $I_s$ increases linearly with increasing oil temperature.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.440-447
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• 2000

It's a tendency to strengthen related international laws as the importance on marine oil pollution recently becomes the issue. According to the regulation of IMO, oil discharge from ships is allowed under 15 ppm only and oil filtering equipment is essential. However, for large ships using heavy fuel oil of over S.G 0.98 and viscosity 380 cSt and system oil, it has been in difficulty to process with existing filtering type of oily water separator. Oily water pre-separator of laminated plate type which is one of gravity type separator has very simple structure and it also makes easier to maintain and repair. In another words, it fits well to process large amount of rich oil with high specific gravity. In this paper, oily water pre-separator of laminated plate type has been studied. The function of emulsified oil and 4 different types of oil have been analyzed and each character has been investigated and proved by experiments. As the result of it, the efficiency of separating oil water has been advanced by 10% in case equipped with pre-separator. In addition, the higher temperature is and the more laminated plate has, it turns out to be getting more effect.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2009

Recently, lots of researchers have been attracted to develop various alternative fuels in diesel engine. The use of biodiesel fuel(BDF) is an effective way of substituting diesel fuel in the long run. But biodiesel fuel can affect the performance and emissions in diesel engine because it has different chemical and physical properties from diesel fuel. In this study, to investigate the combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuel as an alternative fuel for D.I. diesel engine, experiments were carried out at the three-cylinder, four stroke D.I. diesel engine with T/C. As a result, shorter ignition delays were observed for the biodiesel blend cases relative to the diesel oil. The pick value of premixed combustion for the rate of heat release is increased with decreasing C.F.W. temperature.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.351-358
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• 1999

In these days, we are faced to a couple of difficult problems, the one is the unstable price of the energy due to the shortage of fossil fuel resources and the other is the serious environmental pollution from the excessive consumption of fossil fuel. In order to save the thermal energy for the house heating, in this study the heat pump using the natural thermal energy resources was provided for Ondol heating and the thermal energy consumption of the heat was compared to that of oil boiler. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. In the Ondol room the temperature difference between the Ondol surface and room air was about 5∼$10^{\circ}C$ in accordance with the ambient temperature. 2. The Ondol room heating efficiency of the heat pump with compressor of 2PS was the highest at the water flow rate of 200 l/h. 3. The energy saving rate of the heat pump to the oil boiler for heating the Ondol system was 19.3%. 4. The Ondol heating cost of the heat pump was less 20.6% than that of oil boiler when oil price was 478 won/l.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제23권6_2호
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• pp.1007-1014
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• 2020

IMO(International Maritime Organization) continues to strengthen environmental regulations on exhaust gases such as CO2, NOx, SOx. As for sulfur oxides, from 1 January 2020, all ships on international voyages must use fuel with a sulfur content of 0.5% or less. Or, it is obligatory to use an exhaust gas treatment device that has the same effect. Shipping companies are using low-sulfur oil, replacing them with LNG fuel, or installing scrubbers that suppress sulfur oxide emissions. In the case of ships using bunker C oil, the load on the engine is lower when entering and departing, so the exhaust gas pressure is lowered and the scrubber cannot be properly utilized. Therefore, diesel oil with low sulfur content is used when entering and leaving the coast. When diesel oil is used, exhaust gas is directly discharged through the control system and piping system, and when bunker C oil is used, sulfur oxides are reduced by scrubbers through other control systems and piping systems to discharge exhaust gas. Accordingly, a company has developed a system called a three-way damper valve that can control exhaust gas emissions while integrating these two control systems and piping systems into one. In this study, the control characteristics of the integrated exhaust gas control system and structural safety against external loads in a high-temperature exhaust gas environment were reviewed.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2010년도 제35회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.795-796
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• 2010

바이오매스로부터 합성액체오일을 생산하기 위한 방법의 하나로써 Fischer-Tropsch 합성이 세계적으로 주목을 받고 있다. $C_7-C_{15}$ 파라핀의 수첨이성화 반응은 세탄넘버의 향상과 저점도, 유동점, 및 어는점 등의 저온유동특성의 개선을 위하여 디젤연료의 생산 공정에 적용된다. Fischer-Tropsch 합성으로부터 생산되는 Jet fuel 등의 상업적인 제품들은 낮은 끓는점과 유동점을 개선해야 한다. 본 연구는 합성 오일로부터 bio-jet fuel을 제조하기 위한 수첨이성화 반응용 촉매를 개발하는데 있다. 수첨이성화 반응용 백금/제올라이트 촉매의 특성을 분석하고 모델반응으로써 도데칸의 수첨이성화반응 성능을 회분식반응기에서 조사하였다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제23권
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• pp.48-54
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• 2017

This research considers the effect of added mesophase pitch (MP) as an additive during the pitch synthesis reaction of pyrolyzed fuel oil (PFO). Two effects are generated by adding MP. One is an enhancement of thermal stability due to the high thermal property of the additive; the other is that the volatile compounds that were removed by vaporization of PFO during the thermal reaction can participate in the pitch synthesis reaction ($PFO{\rightarrow}pitch$) more efficiently. The effect differs according to the amount of the additive. When the amount of the additive is less than 7 wt%, the first effect is dominant, whereas the second effect is dominant when the additive amount exceeds 10 wt%.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.576-580
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• 2005

Magadiite 주형에 PFO (pyrolized fuel oil)와 Cobalt(II)2-ethylhexanoate 촉매를 함께 층간 삽입, $900{\sim}1100^{\circ}C$에서 3~24 h 동안 열분해하여 층간에 흑연 박막을 형성하고 magadiite 주형을 제거함으로서 다공성 흑연을 합성하였다. 소성시간이 길어질수록, 소성온도가 높을수록 흑연의 결정화도가 향상되었다. 비표면적은 PFO의 혼합비율, 소성시간, 소성온도에 따라 $261{\sim}400m^2/g$의 크게 다른 값을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2010

디젤기관에 있어서 PM과 NO의 동시저감을 위한 에멀전연료의 적용은 급속도로 발전되어져왔다. 하지만, C중유 에멀젼연료의 연소계측 해석은 다른 연료에 비하여 복잡한 연소형태 때문에 어려움이 많다. 본 연구에서는 높은 압력과 온도의 정적연소실에서 에멀젼 C중유를 분사 연소시켜, 연소해석에 대한 실질적인 근거를 제시한다.