• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.530-530
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• 2000

The host defense system or immune system of all modern animals has their roots in very ancient organisms. After analyzing literature data concerning properties of invertebrates and vertebrates lectins we suggest that mechanism of mannans recognition may exist in marine invertebrates, as a universal mechanism for homeostasis maintenance and host defense, and mannan-binding lectins family of vertebrates has ancient precursor, as was shown for another S-type lectins family. We carried out the screening of mannan-binding type lectin among different species of echinoderms inhabiting in Piter the Grate Bay, the sea of Japan. As a result, the C-type lectins (SJL-32) specific for high mannose glycans was isolated from the coelomic plasma of the sea cucumbers Stichopus japonicus by ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-Toyopearl 650M, affinity chromatography on a mannan-Sepharose 6B and gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-200. SJL-32 is homodimer with molecular mass about 32 kDa on SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions. Protein part of the lectin has high conteins Asn, Glu, Ser. Hemagglutination of trypsin-treated O blood group human erythrocytes by SJL-32 was competitively inhibited by high-branched -D-mannan composed of -1,2 and -1,6 linked D-mannopyranose residues. In contrast, a variety of mono-, oligo-, and polysaccharides composed of residues of galactose and fucose showed absence or little inhibitory activities. The lectin activity strong depends on Ca2+ concentration, temperature and pH. Monospecific polyclonal antibodies were obtained to the lectin. As was shown by ELISA assay, antibodies to SJL-32 cross-reacted with human serum mannan-binding lectin. This data allows making conclusion about common antigenic determinants and structural homology of both lectins. In our opinion, SJL-32 belongs to evolutionary high conservative mannan-binding lectins (MBLs) family and takes part in the host defense against pathogenic microorganisms.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.12-12
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• 2021

최근 길어진 여름 및 이상고온 현상이 지속됨에 따라 심화되는 광노화 피부의 특징으로는 건조, 굵고 깊은 주름, 탄력저하 및 불균일한 색소침착 등이 나타나게 됨. 화장품 소재는 기존 광노화 관련 화학물질인 Retinol 등을 대체하기 위해 자연 유래 성분을 적용한 신소재 연구를 진행하고 있음. 흰목이버섯(Tremella fuciformis)은 흰목이목에 속하는 버섯류로 자실체는 한천질로서, 주름이 되어 갈라져 있거나 또는 귓불 모양을 이루고 있으며, 크기는 10 cm 정도이다. 중국에서는 보양식의 주재료로 쓰일 만큼 탁월한 항노화 효능이 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 흰목이버섯의 자실체에서 추출하여 정제한 β-Glucan의 성분 확인, in vitro 수준의 피부 항노화 효과, 동물대체 독성 시험을 통한 피부독성 확인 및 인체 피부유효성 평가를 통한 항노화 효과를 확인하였다. 흰목이에서 추출, 정제 후 Bio-LC를 통한 유리당 분석 결과 Mannose, Fucose, Glucose를 확인하였으며, Human Keratinocyte에 UVB를 조사하여 광노화를 유발한 피부세포에 피부 자극 및 탄력저하 인자인 IL-6, TNFa 및 MMP-1을 평가한 결과 농도 의존적으로 현저히 개선됨을 확인하였다. 또한 보습 및 피부장벽 개선 인자인 Filaggrin과 Involucrin 생성효능을 평가한 결과 매우 높이 생성됨을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 광독성, 피부감작성 및 안점막 동물대체 독성시험을 실시한 결과 무독성임을 확인하여 피부에 안전하면서 효능이 우수한 것을 in vitro 수준에서 확인하였고, 피부 홍반완화, 주름개선, 탄력개선 및 보습증가 등 광노화 예방효과를 인체를 대상으로 평가한 결과 유의적인 홍반완화, 주름개선, 탄력 및 보습증가효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구결과를 종합하여 볼 때 흰목이버섯에서 추출, 정제한 β-Glucan은 in vitro 수준에서 자외선으로 인한 피부 트러블 완화, 탄력 및 보습개선을 확인하였고 독성시험을 통해 무자극임을 판정하였으며, 인체유효성 평가를 통해 광노화 예방효과를 확인하였으며 본 결과를 통해 아시아 및 글로벌 시장으로 천연유래 항노화 소재로 확장하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.793-798
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• 2006

We investigated the effects on the cytotoxicity against several cancer cells of the hydrolysis and molecular weight fractionation of crude laminaran from E. bicyclis, a brown seaweed collected from Uleung island in Korea, was extracted with boiling water and then crude laminaran was prepared by ethanol precipitation of extract obtained after elimination of calcium alginate by calcium chloride. Crude laminaran was hydrolyzed by enzyme (Econase CE), acid (0.1 N HCl) and autoclaving ($121^{\circ}C$, 180 min), and the molecular weight fractions by ultrafiltration to generate molecular weight fractions. Total sugar and sulfate contents of hydrolyzed laminaran were 72.3 and 3.5% (enzyme hydrolysate), 68.5 and 3.0% (acid hydrolysate), 70.2 and 3.2% (autoclaved), and monosaccharides of which consisted of glucose (74.7-78.5%), mannose (9.9-11.5%), galactose (8.5-9.6%) and fucose (3.1-4.5%), respectively. When the cytotoxicity of hydrolyzed laminaran on SNU-1, HeLa and SW cells was evaluated by MTT assay, growth-inhibitory activity of the enzyme hydrolysate against cancer cells was higher than that of acid hydrolysate or autoclaved laminaran. Furthermore, the fraction at a molecular weight range of 10 to 50 kDa revealed higher anti-proliferative activities. The $IC_{50}$ values of 10-50 kDa fraction at a molecular weight range of 10 to 50 kDa revealed higher anti-proliferative activities. The $IC_{50}$ values of 10-50 kDa fractions on SNU-1, HeLa and SW cells were 60.4, 58.6 and 53.9 ${\mu}g/mL$ for enzymatic hydrolysate, 75.6, 73.5 and 77.4 ${\mu}g/mL$ for acid hydrolysate, and 61.7, 68.2 and 60.8 ${\mu}g/mL$ for autoclaved, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2009

The crushed fruiting body of Alaskan Porodaedalea pini (Brot.) Murrill (syn. Phellinus pini) was extracted in boiling water for 4 h with the yield of 20.5% in dry mass. This hot-water extract showed significant antiviral activity by inhibiting the plaque formation in HeLa cells by coxackievirus B3 (CVB3) and also showed highest inhibitory effect against neuraminidase activity among water extracts of various mushrooms. From the water extract, the ethanol precipitate (EP) and supernatant fraction (ES) were obtained through 75% ethanol precipitation with the yield of 43.3% and 28.3% in dry mass, respectively. Whereas ES did not show any detectable level of antiviral activity, EP showed significant dose-dependent inhibition of plaque formation by CVB3 in HeLa cells with an $EC_{50}$ (50% effective concentration) of 0.45 mg/mL. The cytotoxicity on HeLa cells by EP was relatively low with the $CC_{50}$ (50% cytotoxic concentration) of 2.25 mg/mL. EP also effectively inhibited neuraminidase activity in a dose-dependent manner showing up to 75% inhibition at 1.7 mg/mL. These results suggest that the hot-water extract and its EP of P. pini fruiting body can be a candidate for the development of a potent broad-range antiviral agent against influenza virus(Flu) as well as CVB3. The major active component of EP was shown to be a heteropolysaccharide-protein complex containing glucose as the main sugar residue with mole percentage of 79.8% and other sugars like galactose (19.2%), xylose (17%), mannose (5.8%), and fucose (4.6%) and a small portion (12.7%, in mass) of protein.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.2 s.73
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• pp.121-128
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• 1995

The characteristics of protein-bound polysaccharides (PBP) which were isolated and purified from the sawdust mycelia of Agrocybe cylindracea were investigated. The yield of crude protein-bound polysaccharides (Fr.CB) extracted with boiling water and precipitated with 95% ethanol, was 0.74% based on the original sawdust mycelia. The Fr.CB was purified by the membrane filtration, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The Fr.B fraction of which the molecular weight is over 300 KDa, was isolated from the Fr.CB using membrane filtration, and the yield was 38.6% based on the Fr.CB. This result indicates that high molecular protein-bound polysaccharides are the dominent components of the Fr.CB. Two fractions (Fr.B-1, Fr.B-2) were also isolated from the Fr.B using ion exchange chromatography, and the yields were 17.3% (Fr.B-1) and 10.3% (Fr. B-2), respectively. The Fr.B-1 was concentrated and gel-filtrated, and the single peak, thought to be nearly pure protein-bound polysaccharides, was obtained. The yield of final fraction $(Fr.B-1-{\beta})$ was 42.5% based on the Fr.B-1. The molecular weight of $Fr.B-1-{\beta}$ was nearly 710 KDa. The monosaccharides' composition of $Fr.B-1-{\beta}$ was analized by HPLC, and glucose was the dominent component, and fucose and galactose were also detected. The result of amino acid analysis was that glutamic acid and analysis were detected to a significant level, and cysteine was not detected.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.260-267
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• 2001

The biochemical composition and antioxidative activity of marine microalgae were investigated for the effective utilization of marine resources. Two species of marine microalgae, Nannochloris oculata (N. oculata) of Chlorophyceae and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) of Bacillariophyceae, were selected. Because these species showed the high growth rate and easy to continuous culture. The contents of crude protein, lipid, and carbohydrate were $54.91\%,\;11.29\%,\;and\;10.15\%$, for N. oculata and $38.07\%,\;13.19\%,\;and\;7.13\%$, for P. tricornutum, respectively. Glutamic acid was the highest concentration for both species. Galactose (3,712.02 mg/100g), fucose (1,966.03 mg/100g), and glucose (1,814.35 mg/100g) were the major carbohydrates for N. oculatae, and glucose (5,295.45 mg/100g) and mannose (841.34 mg/100g) were for P. tricornutum. K (12,906.86 mg/100g), Mg (1,039.15 mg/100g), Ca (882.57 mg/100g) and Fe (747.20 mg/100g) were the major minerals for N. oculata, and K (11,718.65 mg/100g), Ca (2,003.32 mg/100g), Mg (1,570.84 mg/100g) and Fe (552.58 mg/100g) were for P. tricornutum. In the composition of nucleotides, ADP ($4.77{\mu}mol/g$) was the highest in N. oculata and hypoxanthine (11.74{\mu}mol/g) in P. tricornutum. Large amount of linoleic acid (18: 2, $\omega-6$) was contained in N. oculata. In contrast 16: 1 ($\omega-7$) and 20: 5 ($\omega-3$) were major fatty acid in P. tricornutum. The antioxidative activities of organic solvent extracts of two microalgae were measured by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay method. The chloroform extract obtained from P. tricornutum was identified to be the most effective in DPPH radical scavenging activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.709-716
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• 1998

Three kinds of anti-complementary system and macrophage activating polysaccharides, AB-20-Ia, AB-20-IIa-2a and AB-20-IVa-2 were isolated from the fruit body of Agaricus bisporus and their structures were characterized. The proteoglycan, AB-20-IVa-2 showing the most potent anti-complementary and macrophage activity was composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, fucose and arabinose in a molar ratio of 3.48:1.83:1.00:0.79:0.74:0.11 and its main component amino acids were phenylalanine (34.72%) and valine (27.84%). The neutral polysaccharides, AB-20-Ia and AB-20-IIa-2a showing lower activity than AB-20-IVa-2, consisted of xylose, glucose, mannose, fucose and arabinose in molar ratios of <0.05:<0.05:2.07:1.00:2.72 and 2.16:1.58:1.00:0.20:0.14, respectively. The molecular weights of AB-20-Ia, AB-20-IIa-2a and AB-20-IVa-2 were 840,000, 750,000 and 650,000 respectively. In the $^1H-\;and\;^{13}C-NMR$ spectra of AB-20-Ia and AB-20-IIa-2a, AB-20-Ia showed only ${\beta}-configuration\;(^1H:\;4.8\;ppm,\;^{13}C:\;107.0\;ppm)$ in the anomerization of the glycosidic linkages, while AB-20-IIa-2a had both ${\alpha}-anomer\;(^1H:\;5.4\;ppm,\;^{13}C:\;102.0\;ppm)\;and\;{\beta}-anomer$. Especially, AB-20-Ia and AB-20-IIa-2a showed acetyl signals $(^1H:\;2.5\;ppm,\;^{13}C:\;21.0\;ppm)$. In the methylation analysis of the three polysaccharides, high proportion of 1,6-linked glucofuranosyl residues were detected in AB-20-Ia, whereas 1,6-linked glucopyranosyl residues and branches linked at position 4 of those mainly contained in AB-20-IIa-2a. AB-20-IVa-2 consisted mainly of 1,2-linked xylofuranosyl residues and 1,6-linked glucopyranosyl residues and branches linked at position 3 of those.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.172-177
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to provide basic date for organic acid, vitamin and free sugar contents of commercial dried lavers cultivated in Korea (Seocheon, Wando, Goheung and Busan). The contents of organic acid per 100 g of dried lavers were in the range of 1,238.67~1,437.00 mg of malic acid, 1,021.67~1,309.67 mg of oxalic acid, 1,035.67~1,247.33 mg of citric acid, 1,001.00~1,146.00 mg of succinic acid, 902.00~1,107.00 mg of tartaric acid, 862.67~1,070.67 mg of lactic acid and 370.33~421.67 mg of acetic acid. The concentration of vitamin A and ${\beta}$-carotene were the highest (0.286 mg and 22.19 mg/100 g) in dried lavers cultivated from Seocheon and Wando. Vitamin $B_1$, $B_3$ and $B_{12}$ concentrations were the highest (9.79 mg, 19.15 mg and 1.77 mg/100 g) in dried lavers cultivated from Goheung, and vitamin $B_2$, $B_6$ and $B_9$ concentrations were the highest (4.55 mg, 2.36 mg and 2.17 mg/100 g) in dried lavers cultivated from Wando. The concentration of vitamin C and E contents were the highest (219.33 mg and 1.75 mg/100 g) in dried lavers cultivated from Wando. The contents of free sugar per 100 g of dried lavers were in the range of 214.27~347.72 mg of galactose, 59.10~71.69 mg of glucose, 37.86~54.34 mg of fucose and 6.26~14.65 mg of mannose.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1191-1197
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• 2000

In the preliminary study, we investigated the anti-complementary activities of 62 extracts from Korean edible seaweeds. Of those, Pachymeniopsis elliptica showed the highest anti-complementary activity. Therefore, it was purified as follows; i) PE-1 by ethanol precipitation, ii) PE-1-C by ultrafiltration, iii) PE-1-CIV by DEAE-Toyopearl 650C, and iv) PE-1-CIV-ii by Sepharose CL-6B. The purified compound, PE-1-CIV-ii, was the complexed homogeneous polysaccharide (molecular mass: 780 kDa) with 82.9% of anti-complementary activity. Also, it contained a significant amount of sulfate group (30.5%), which indicated it as a sulfated algal polysaccharide. Its structural monosaccharides were galactose (44.3%), 3,6-anhydrogalactose (34.0%), glucose (8.2%), fucose (5.4%), xylose (5.2%) and rhamnose (2.9%). After the treatment of periodate on a sample, a significant decrease in anti-complementary activity was found, which was a characteristic of bioactive polysaccharides. And-tumor activity of PE-1-A, B and C was tested in the sarcoma-180 solid tumor model. The PE-1-C with the largest molecular mass (more than 300 kDa) showed 81% of inhibition on the solid tumors, suggesting that the anti-complementary activity was, at least in part, related to anti-tumor activity. Based upon these results, the purified polysacchardes could be an immunopotentiator in vivo.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.200-209
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• 2021

In this study, a low-salt Lentinula edodes soybean paste (LSLESP) with improved palatability and storability relative to traditional Korean soybean paste was developed by utilizing low quality log cultivation of L. edodes. We also conducted quality characteristic analyses of spread jam made from low-salt L. edodes soybean paste (SJLLESP). The lowest salinity content and the highest L (brightness) value was found in LSLESP. According to proximate compositions analysis, crude protein, crude fat, and ash content were higher in commercial soybean paste than in LSLESP. Glucose, fructose, and maltose were the only free sugars detected in commercial soybean paste, whereas arabinose and fucose were additionally detected in LSLESP. Only two types of organic acid, were detected in common in commercially available soybean paste and LSLESP. Four types of organic acid, were detected in SJLLESP due to its added ingredients. The major free amino acids in commercially available soybean paste and LSLESP are histidine, glutamic acid, and arginine. Total amino acid, content was higher in LSLESP (54.81 mg%) than in commercial soybean paste (49.26 mg%). Total free amino acid, content in SJLLESP was 43.01 mg%. Ergosterol and β-glucan contents were highest in SJLLESP. The elevated ergosterol and β-glucan content in low-salt LSLESP relative to commercial soybean paste was significant. In conclusion, LSLESP and SJLLESP contain useful components from L. edodes, and offer the advantage of low salinity. LSLESP and SJLLESP could thus contribute to the development of health foods using L. edodes.