• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.463-468
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was evaluation of the oral health of cerebral palsied children by considering the DMFT index. The 31 cerebral palsied children(Male 20, Female 11) participated in the study, and mean age was 11.3 years. All patient were examined for determination of decayed tooth, missing tooth, filled tooth. For children with only deciduous dentition, the dmf system was used; for children with only permanent dentition, the DMF system was used; for children with mixed dentition, a combination of two systems(dmf and DMF) was used. The results were as follows: 1. In the deciduous dentition, dmft index was 11.60.(dt rate ; 83.62%, mt rate ; 12.07%, ft rate ; 4.31 %) 2. In the mixed dentition, DMFT index was 12.25 and dmft index was 10.75.(DT rate ; 90.00 %, MT rate ; 0 %, FT rate ; 10.00 %, dt rate ; 60.53 %, mt rate ; 28.95 %, ft rate ; 10.52 % ) 3. In the permanent dentition, DMFT index was 8.16.(DT rate ; 87.77 %, MT rate ; 11.51 %, FT rate ; 0.72 %)

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.456-462
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the caries experience and anxiety level to the dentist in the preschool children. 511 preschool children were brought to the dental hospital and examined for caries experience. Caries experience was measured as dDT index, fFT index, dDfFT index, dDT rate, and fFT rate. Children were requested to draw a dentist. Drawings were analyzed by the method of Human Figure Drawing Anxiety Score. Pearson correlation coefficents and their significance were calculated between caries experience and anxiety scores. There were significant negative correlation between fFT index and anxiety scores, between dDfFT index and anxiety scores, and between fFT rate and anxiety scores. There was significant positive correlation between dDT rate and anxiety scores. The results seemed to suggest that dental treatment experience reduced children's anxiety toward dentists. But, because there was obvious negative correlation between age and anxiety scores, age factor should be considered in the interpretation of the results.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the Dentocult SM and LB scores of students and their DMF rate. The subjects in this study were 134 special school students in south Gyeong-sang province. After they were tested to find out their, they received tooth brushing education and preventive treatment. The test, education and treatment were all conducted from March 17 to April 9, 2008. Their oral state was checked and recorded by using a mirror and explorer, and then the data on oral state were analyzed to their DMFT, DT, FT and MT rates. All the collected data were analyzed with SPSS 15.0 for Windows program, and independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA and crosstabs analysis were implemented to see what differences their disability type, gender, Dentocult-SM scores and Dentocult-LB scores made. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for connections between disability type and DMFT rate, the students with mental retardation were similar to the other students in that regard. The mentally retarded students had higher DT and FT rates than the other students, and the MT rate of the latter was higher than that of the former. 2. Concerning the relationship of gender to DMFT and DT rates, the girls had larger DMFT and DT rates than the boys, and the FT and MT rates of the boys were higher than those of the girls. 3. As to links between Dentocult SM scores on the tongue and DMFT, the students whose bacteria was mildly activated had the highest DMFT rate, and the students who had a severely activated bacteria had the highest DT and FT rates. Those who had a moderately activated bacteria had the highest MT rate. 4.Regarding the connection of Dentocult SM scores on maxillyright molar to DMFT and DT rates, the students whose bacteria was severely activated had the highest DMFT and DT rates. Those who had no activated bacteria had the largest FT rate, and the students who had a mildly activated bacteria had the highest MT rate. 5.Regarding the connection of Dentocult SM scores on maxillyleft molar to DMFT and DT rates, the students whose bacteria was severely activated had the highest DMFT and DT rates. Those who had no activated bacteria had the largest FT rate, and the students who had a mildly activated bacteria had the largest MT rate. 6. Regarding the connection of Dentocult SM scores on mandibularright molar to DMFT and DT, FT rates, the students whose bacteria was severely activated had the highest DMFT and DT, FT rates. Those who had a moderately activated bacteria had the highest MT rate. 7. Regarding the connection of Dentocult SM scores on mandibularleft molar to DMFT and DT rates, the students whose bacteria was mildly activated had the highest DMFT and DT rates. Those who had no activated bacteria had the largest FT rate, and the students who had a moderately activated bacteria had the highest MT rate. 8. Regarding the connection of Dentocult LB scores to DMFT and DT rates, the students whose bacteria was severely activated had the highest DMFT and DT rates. Those who had no activated bacteria had a moderately FT rate, the students who had a mildly activated bacteria had a mildly MT rate.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1974

In order to appreciate the school dental services of the primary, middle, and high school and to get the basic data for the university dental service programs in Korea, the author had examined the oral health status of 1,300 freshmen in S University. Then, the followed results were obtained from the calculation and evaluation of DEMT index, DT index, MT index, FT index, DT rate, MT rate, FT rate, debris deposit rate, calculus deposit rate, periodontal disease rate, and abnormal jaw relation rate. 1. DMFT index in the freshmen was higher than that of the Korean youth in the same age. 2. It seems the above result to be appeared from the influence of the intake of the more carbohydrate foods in the freshmen. 3. In the freshmen, MT rate was lower, and FT rate higher than in the Korean youth in the same age. 4. The oral hygiene condition was good in 3.15% of the freshmen. 5. Calculus was not deposited in 8.69% of the freshmen. 6. In 9.69% of the freshmen, the periodontium was healthy. 7. In Korea, the school dental services in the primary, middle, and high schools must be improved. 8. There was the abnormal jaw relation in 12.92% of the freashmen.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.363-371
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients showing fissured tongue (FT) with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of 16 FT patients with BMS who visited the Oral Diseases Clinic of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital from March 1, 2017 to February 28, 2018. The subjects were graded by FT classification and compared with each group on a numeral rating scale (NRS) of tongue pain, proportion of coated tongue, unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR), Ryodoraku, and heart rate variability (HRV) results. Results: FT grade had no significant correlation with NRS of tongue pain and USFR. FT grade had a substantially significant positive correlation with BMI and LF/HF ratio in HRV. FT grade had a substantially significant negative correlation with proportion of coated tongue. The most frequent accompanying symptoms were xerostomia and insomnia. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that FT has no correlation with tongue pain in BMS. Rather, FT seems to correlate with sympathetic function acceleration.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2001

레이저 형광법을 이용하여 각 개인의 우식의 활성도를 측정할 수 있는지를 규명하기 위해 $7\sim9$세의 아동 50명을 대상으로 치아의 순면과 협면에 아르곤 레이저를 조사하고 특수 필터를 사용하여 초기 치아우식증이 관찰되는 치아의 수를 측정하고, 이와 같은 초기 치아우식증의 수를 측정하는 우식활성법과 기존의 우식 활성도 측정 방법인 dDfFtT rate, Streptococcus mutans colony count와 상관성을 비교, 평가하고, 레이저 형광법을 이용한 우식활성검사의 특이도, 민감도, 진단력을 평가한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 아르곤 레이저 형광법을 이용한 우식활성도 측정법은 기존의 Streptococcus mutans colony count 검사법과 비교적 높은 상관관계를 보였다($\gamma=0.48$, P<0.01). 2. 아르곤 레이저 형광법을 이용한 우식활성도 측정법은 dDfFtT rate 검사와 상관관계가 있었다($\gamma=0.39$, P<0.01). 3. Streptococcus mutans colony count와 dDfFtT rate와는 낮은 상관관계가 있었다($\gamma=0.27$, P<0.05). 4. dDfFtT rate를 기준검사 방법으로 하였을 때, 레이저 형광법을 이용한 우식활성 검사법은 특이도 44.4%, 민감도 85.7%, 진단력이 87.8%였다. 5. dDfFtT rate를 기준검사방법으로 하였을 때, Streptococcus mutans colony count는 특이도 77.8%, 민감도 92.9%, 진단력이 84.8%였다. 6. Streptococcus mutans colony count 검사법을 기준검사 방법으로 하였을 때 레이저 형광법을 이용한 우식활성 검사법은 특이도 40.0%, 민감도 84.8%, 진단력이 95.1%였다. 이를 종합해 볼 때 레이저 형광법을 이용하여 관찰한 우식활성 검사법은 기존의 우식활성검사 및 구강환경 검사와 비교적 높은 상관관계, 우수한 진단학적 지표를 보여 주므로써 향후 임상적으로 신뢰도와 타당성이 높은 우식활성 검사법으로서 그 활용 가능성이 높을 것으로 사료된다.

• 공업화학
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2021

메틸 메타크릴레이트 분자를 전구체로 사용하여 원격 플라즈마 방식으로 중합체를 합성하는 반응에서 플라즈마 출력, 반응 압력 및 직접-간접 플라즈마 방식이 필름의 성장속도 및 화학결합 구조에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며, FT-IR, XPS 등 분광학적 분석과 Langmvir 탐침을 사용한 플라즈마 특성 진단 결과와 함께 고찰하였다. 플라즈마 출력과 반응 압력이 증가하면 성장속도가 증가하지만 특정 영역을 넘어서면 식각 효과와 잦은 충돌로 인해 활성화 효율이 낮아져 다시 감소하였다. 중합 필름의 FT-IR과 XPS 분석 결과, 필름 내 탄소/산소 조성비는 플라즈마 출력이 커질수록 증가하였으며, 탄화수소성 C-C 탄소 조성비는 증가하는 반면 에스터성 COO 탄소 조성비는 감소하였다. 직접 플라즈마법이 간접 플라즈마법에 비해 필름의 성장속도는 2~5배 빠르지만, 전구체의 분자 구조를 유지하기 위해서는 간접 플라즈마법이 유리함을 확인하였다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2006

We compare FT (Fourier Transform) and SD (Stress Decomposition), the interpretation methods for LAOS (Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear). Although the two methods are equivalent in mathematics. they are significantly different in numerical procedures. Precision of FT greatly depends on sampling rate and length of data because FT of experimental data is the discrete version of Fourier integral theorem. FT inevitably involves unnecessary frequencies which must not appear in LAOS. On the other hand, SD is free from the problems from which FT suffers, because SD involves only odd harmonics of primary frequency. SD is based on two axioms on shear stress: [1] shear stress is a sufficiently smooth function of strain and its time derivatives; [2] shear stress satisfies macroscopic time-reversal symmetry. In this paper, we compared numerical aspects of the two interpretation methods for LAOS.

• 멤브레인
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.8-20
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 분리막의 일반적 역세척 방법이 아닌 질소 역세척을 하면서, 4종의 탄소계 관형 세라믹 한오여곽막으로 제지공장의 방류수를 처리하였을 때 역세척 주기 및 막간압력차 (TMP), 유량의 영향과 최적운 전조건을 규명하였다. 역세척시간 (BT)을 40초로 고정하였고, 정상운전시간 (FT)은 4~32분, TMP는 $1.0~3.0kg_f/cm^2$ 유속은 0.53~1.09cm/s로 변화시켰다. 또한 최적조건은 무차원 투과선속 ($J/J_0$) 및 총과여부부피 ($V_T$) 막오염에 의한 저항 ($R_f$)의 측면에서 고찰하였다. 그 결과 최적 역세척주기는 BT/FT=0.083 (FT=8분)으로 가장 빈번한 역세척 BT/FT=0.167 (FT=4분) 보다 오히려 많은 총여과부피를 얻을수 있었다. 한편, TMP가 증가할수록 구동력의 증가로 보다 많은 $V_T$를 얻을 수 있었고, 유량이 증가할수록 발생한 난류의 영향으로 막오염은 감소되고 투과유속은 증가하여 많은 $V_T$를 얻을수 있었다. 오염물질 제거율은 탁도 95% 이상, 호학적 산소요구량 ($COD_{Cr}$)45~83%로 높았으나 총용존고형물 (TDS)의 경우 10% 이하로 낮았다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2020

Influenza viruses cause respiratory diseases in humans and animals with high morbidity and mortality rates. Conventional anti-influenza drugs are reported to exert side effects and newly emerging viral strains tend to develop resistance to these commonly used agents. Fritillaria thunbergii (FT) is traditionally used as an expectorant for controlling airway inflammatory disorders. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of FT extracts against influenza virus type A (H1N1) infection in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo. In the post-treatment assay, FT extracts showed high CC50 (7,500 ㎍/ml), indicating low toxicity, and exerted moderate antiviral effects compared to oseltamivir (SI 50.6 vs. 222) in vitro. Antiviral activity tests in ovo revealed strong inhibitory effects of both FT extract and oseltamivir against H1N1 replication in embryonated eggs. Notably, at a treatment concentration of 150 mg/kg, only half the group administered oseltamivir survived whereas the FT group showed 100% survival, clearly demonstrating the low toxicity of FT extracts. Consistent with these findings, FT-administered mice showed a higher survival rate with lower body weight reduction relative to the oseltamivir group upon treatment 24 h after viral infection. Our collective results suggest that FT extracts exert antiviral effects against influenza H1N1 virus without inducing toxicity in vitro, in ovo or in vivo, thereby supporting the potential utility of FT extract as a novel candidate therapeutic drug or supplement against influenza.