• 보건의료산업학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary pattern and the Community Periodontal Index in elderly people who live alone in rural areas and to provide necessary data to strengthen nutrition education about the oral health of elderly people who live alone. Methods : Dental examinations and questionnaires were conducted with 380 elderly people who live alone in rural areas of Gyeonggi-do. Results : The Community Periodontal Index was higher when the elderly people who live alone had a low intake of vegetables and fruits, a high intake of sugars, a low number of breakfasts, a high frequency of overeating and a high frequency of instant ingestion. Conclusions : It is necessary to provide nutritional management services for the elderly people who live alone in rural areas and to provide preventive centered comprehensive oral care.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.699-707
• /
• 2003

This study examined the effectiveness of two commonly used dietary assessment methods (the 24-hour recall and the food frequency questionnaire) in the epidemiological investigations of health-related habits and degenerative diseases. This cross sectional project in the Seoul area was conducted for the purpose of establishing cohort subjects and collecting reliable nutrient intake data for a further large-scale cross sectional study. The subjects were 91 volunteers from the Seoul area with a mean age of 53.5 \pm 9.6 for the males and 52.2 \pm 8.9 for the females. The subjects had a relatively high educational background, were from high socioeconomic levels, and were greatly concerned about healthrelated life styles. There was a significantly negative correlation between their smoking and their nutrient intake. Their drinking habits, their self-estimated health status and their concern or stress about being healthy did not have any influence on their nutrient intakes. Skipping meals was the most undesirable dietary habit influencing their nutrient intakes, and the next was their irregularity of eating meals. The subjects who liked legumes and fish had higher intakes of iron and niacin and those who liked milk and dairy products had higher intakes of calcium, vitamin \B_2 and fat. The subjects who considered themselves not to be healthy consumed higher amounts of fish and shell-fish, and those who considered themselves to be healthy consumed higher amounts of vegetables. The smokers consumed less fruits than non-smokers, but there was no correlation between their drinking and consumption of the food groups. There was no correlation between their food consumption frequency and their skipping meals or meal irregularity. There were positive correlations between their food likes and food consumption frequency for foods such as meat, milk and dairy products, seaweeds and fruits. Therefore, their smoking, skipping meals and meal irregularity appeared to greatly influence their nutrient intakes. Significant correlations were found between their health-related habits and their food group preferences and food frequencies. This implies that simple surveying methods using criteria such as smoking, skipping meals and meal irregularity, food group preferences and eating frequencies can be used as useful tools in the assessment of nutritional statuses.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.79-87
• /
• 2016

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between demographic characteristics and atopic dermatitis, along with adolescents' body mass index. Also, this study explored the association between dietary intakes (fruits, soda, caffeinated beverages, instant food, cracker, vegetables, and milk) of adolescents and atopic dermatitis. Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey for 2014 was used for data analysis, in which a total of 3,532,149 middle and high school students participated. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis and logistic regression based on the complex sample design using SPSS ver.20.0 statistics. The results showed that males had a higher prevalence rate of atopic dermatitis than females. The significant association between body mass index and atopic dermatitis was found (F=46.625, P<0.001). Students who have higher levels of body mass index showed a higher prevalence rate of atopic dermatitis. Finally, the findings showed that the intake of vegetable and milk had associations with atopic dermatitis (F=6.795, P<0.001). Greater vegetable intake was associated with less atopic dermatitis whereas greater milk intake was associated with more atopic dermatitis prevalence. Based on the above results, we found that demographic characteristics, body mass index, and some dietary food intakes of adolescents had influences on prevalence rate of atopic dermatitis.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.12-21
• /
• 2005

The aim of this study was to assess dietary fiber intake and the relationship between dietary fiber intake and nutrient intakes of elementary school students. Food consumption of 200 elementary school students (100 boys, 100 girls) in the 6th grade in Gimhae was assessed by 2-day estimated food records. Nutrient intakes were calculated using CAN-pro and total dietary fiber (TDF) intake using the TDF tables of the common Korean foods. The mean height and weight of the boys were 147.7 cm and 42.1 kg. The mean height and weight of the girls were 149.1 cm and 41.1 kg. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the boys (19.3 $kg/m^2$) was significantly higher than that of the girls (18.4 $kg/m^2$, p < 0.05). Average daily intake of energy of the boys and girls was 1733 and 1778 kcal, respectively. Intakes of protein, P, and niacin of the boys and girls exceeded $110\%$ of current RDA. Intakes of Fe, vitamin $B_1$ and vitamin $B_2$ of the boys were similar to RDA. Intake of vitamin $B_1$ exceeded $110\%$ of current RDA and intakes of Fe and vitamin A were similar to RDA among the girls. Ca intake of the boys and girls was $74.2\%$ and $60.1\%$ of RDA, respectively. Vitamin C intake of the boys and girls were $63.6\%$ and $71.7\%$ of RDA, respectively. Intakes of fat, Ca, P, and vitamin $B_2$ of the boys were significantly higher than the girls. Intakes of Fe and vitamin A of the boys were significantly lower than the girls. Average daily intakes of TDF of the boys and girls were 11.2 g and 11.1 g, respectively. TDF intake of the children at the 6th grade of elementary school was about $70\%$ of 'age (yr) + 5 g', a recommended level for American children. Major food groups to supply dietary fiber were vegetables, grains, and seasonings among the boys and girls. Major sources of dietary fiber were Kimchi, rice, and red pepper powder which supplied $17.85\%$. $15.71\%$, and $5.18\%$ of TDF among the boys and $18.02\%$, $16.22\%$, and $6.58\%$ among the girls. Daily fiber intake showed significant positive correlations with intakes of grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, and seasonings among the boys and girls. Daily fiber intake showed significant positive correlations with intakes of energy, carbohydrates, protein, lipids, Ca, P, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$ vitamin $B_2$, niacin, and vitamin C among both the boys and girls. From the results of this study we could conclude that it is recommended to increase dietary fiber intake in elementary school students at upper level.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.616-621
• /
• 1994

한국인을 위한 식품중 유해성분의 기준설정 및 안전성 평가에 필요한 식품계수를 제안하기 위하여 $1986{\sim}90$년에 걸쳐 국민영양조사에 의한 식품섭취량과 식품수급표에 의한 공급량 자료로부터 농축산식품 원료에 대한 식품 종류별 섭취량을 최적화 하였다. 농축산물의 1인당 1일 평균 섭취량은 1.0kg으로 조정하였으며 곡류 422g, 감자류 29g, 두류 17g, 견과종실류 5g, 과일류 97g, 채소류 300g, 육류 49g, 난류 20g, 우유류 72g 이었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.262-266
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to provide a vitamin $B_{12}$ database for the representative Korean food items and to assess the dietary intake assessment of vitamin $B_{12}$ for Koreans. The vitamin $B_{12}$ content of 106 foods had been determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using column switching method. Rich sources of vitamin $B_{12}$ were meats, milk, and egg ($0.3-3.4\;{\mu}g/100g$). Vegetables and fruits contained vitamin $B_{12}$ below limit of detection (LOD). The major food sources for vitamin $B_{12}$ intake were milk (72.0%), meats (22.3%), egg (3.6%), and fishes & shellfishes (2.1%). Mean vitamin $B_{12}$ intake of Koreans was $3.16\;{\mu}g$/person/day. The proportion of population with intake below estimate average requirement (EAR) and above recommended intake (RI) of vitamin $B_{12}$ was 60.7 and 36.5%, respectively. The vitamin $B_{12}$ intake level of young children with 1-2 years which was 834.6% of RI while the intake level of the older adults 50 years and older was only 70.0% of RI. Also, there were regional differences between urban and rural area. The population with intake below RI was larger than that with intake above RI in Korea.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 1990

The survey was conducted for the period from 25 th to 29 th July, 1990. The survey area were selected the mountain area in Kang Won Province. Intake of foods and nutrients of all members in the households surveyed by means of questionnaire was computed based on number of meals a day. On the other hand, daily intake of nutrients by an individual was calculated by sex, age and type of work based on the conversion rate of RDA (Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances for Adult). 1. Status of food intake. The average food intake per person per day in surveyed area was 1103.49 g. The total intake of food was consisted of 44.17% grains, 23.31% vegetables, 10.66% fruits, respectively. These findings led us to the conclusion that people in the surveyed area depended heavily on plant foods. 2. Status of nutrient intake, 1) The average intake of Calorie was 2567.54 Cal Per day, which was slightly higher than 2500 Cal of RDA. 2) The average Intake of protein was 82.92g per day, which was higher than 70g of RDA. Though the quantity was above the RDA, it was largely from plant foods 3) The average intake of calcium was 383.93 mg per day, which was much lower than 500 mg of RDA. 4) The average intake of iron was 11.88 me per day, which was nearly the same quantity as 10 mg of RDA. 5) Intake of vitamin group were high among the inhabitants than recommended by RDA 3. The Kinds of food intake The kinds of food intake in surveyed area were totally 66 different kinds. 4. Economic status. As for the education level, almost of the food handlers finished the primary school and the average monthly income was 364,600 in surveyed area. Households used gas(100%) for fuel.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.393-401
• /
• 1991

여대생의 평일 및 일요일의 식생활에서의 식사구조의 기본패턴을 파악하기 위하여 섭취된 식물을 16식품군으로 분류하여 식품 및 영양소섭취량과 16식품의 인자분석을 행하여 얻는 결과를 다음과 같이 요약한다. 1. 식품섭취량에서 16식품군 중 두류, 육류, 음료를 제외한 13식품군의 섭취량은 평일의 식사에서보다 일요일의 식사에서 더 높았다. 2. 식품군간의 상관행렬에서 밥은 평일 및 일요일식사에서 여러 식품군과 정(正)의 상관을 가졌고, 특히 일요일의 경우는 평일보다 정(正)의 상관을 가지는 식품군이 더 많아 섭취된 식품이 다양함을 나타내었다. 또 빵 면류는 평일의 경우 과자 사탕류와, 일요일의 경우는 우유, 난류와 정(正)의 상관을 가지므로 평일은 간식형으로, 일요일에는 식사대용으로 이용된 것으로 볼 수 있다. 야채류, 김치류, 난류, 음료는 평일 및 일요일의 경우 거의 같은 종류의 식품군과 정(正)의 상관을 나타내었다. 평일은 어류, 육류, 유지류가, 일요일은 해조류, 과일류, 우유가 여러 식품군과 정(正)의 상관을 나타내었다. 3. 상관행렬을 인자분석하여 얻은 제1인자는 평일 및 일요일의 경우 한국형의 전통식사(밥식)인자로 해석되었고, 야채류, 감자류, 해조류, 김치, 난류 등의 식품군은 일상 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 평일의 경우 두류, 어류, 유지류가, 일요일에는 밥, 육류, 해조류가 식사패턴에 깊게 관련되는 인자로 나타났다. 제2인자는 평일에서는 조절소인자, 일요일에서는 한국형식사인자이었고, 제3인자는 평일에는 간식 대용식인자, 일요일에는 조절소인자로 나타났다. 제4인자에서 평일은 부식인자, 일요일은 열량원인자이었고, 제5인자에서 평일은 밥식인자, 일요일은 빵식인자로 나타났다. 4. 평일 및 일요일의 2차원공간도에서 제1주성분은 평일 및 일요일에서 한국전통식(밥식) : 서구식(영양이 고려되지 않은 대용빵식), 제2주성분은 평일에서는 조절소 : 주식(열량)공급원, 일요일은 식사형 : 간식형을 나타낸 것으로 풀이되었다. 5. 영양소섭취량에서 아침식사의 경우 평일은 열량과 구성소영양소의 섭취량이, 일요일은 조절소영양소의 섭취량이 높았다. 점심식사에서는 일요일의 경우가 평일보다 모든 영양소의 섭취량이 높았다. 간식에서 일요일의 경우 당질, 섬유소, 비타민 C를 제외한 영양소의 섭취가 많았으며, 특히 비타민 C, 동물성에너지, 지질, 칼슘, 당질은 1일 평균영양소섭취비로 볼 때 간식에서 높은 섭취비율을 나타내었다. 저녁식사는 평일은 일요일보다 열량, 지질, 당질, 철분 이외의 타 영양소 섭취가 많았고, 일요일의 1일 평균영양소섭취량은 비타민 $B_1$ C, 동물성단백질을 제외한 영양소가 평일의 그것보다 높았다. 또 RDA와 비교한 영양소섭취비는 평일 및 일요일에서 열량(각각 77.4%, 82.3%), 철분(82.8%, 90.6%)이 RDA에 미달되었고, 그 외 영양소는 RDA를 상회하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제43권6호
• /
• pp.597-606
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 채소와 과일 섭취 증진을 위한 영양교육이 행동변화단계의 진전에 따라 사회심리적요인에 변화를 초래하는지 파악하고자 초등학생을 대상으로 영양교육을 실시한 후 행동전단계를 두 단계로 나누어 이 두 단계 아동들의 채소와 과일 섭취의 장점과 단점에 대한 인지, 인지적 행위적 변화과정, 자아효능감의 수준 변화를 조사하였다. 충남 연기군의 한 초등학교 5학년 아동 71명에 대한 설문 조사에 의해 행동전단계 (고려전, 고려, 준비)로 분류된 47명을 대상으로 2007년 11월 19일부터 12월 24일까지 6주 동안 채소와 과일섭취 영양교육을 실시하고 교육전과 후에 사회심리적요인의 수준을 설문지법에 의해 조사하였다. 1) 영양교육 후 채소섭취의 장점에 대한 인지도 점수는 고려전단계나 고려 및 준비단계에 속한 대상자 모두에서 증가하였고, 단점에 대한 인지도 점수는 두 단계 모두에서 감소하였다. 그러나 과일섭취에 있어서는 장점에 대한 인지도 점수에서는 고려전단계와 고려 및 준비단계 모두에서 교육 후 변화가 없었으나, 단점에 대한 인지도 점수는 고려전 단계에 속한 대상자에서만 유의적인 감소가 나타났다 (p < 0.01). 채소섭취에 대한 장점과 단점에 대한 인지 개선 영양교육은 두 단계 모두에서 효과적이었다. 2) 영양교육 후 채소섭취의 인지적 변화과정에서는 고려전단계의 대상자에서 의식향상 (p < 0.001)점수가 증가되었고, 고려 및 준비단계에 속한 대상자에서는 걱정해소 (p < 0.01), 자기재진단 (p < 0.05), 환경재평가 (p < 0.01), 사회규범변화(p < 0.05) 등 여러 변수의 점수가 증가하였다. 과일섭취의 인지적 변화과정에서는 고려전단계에 있는 대상자에서 환경재평가 (p < 0.01)점수의 증가를 나타내었고, 고려 및 준비단계에서는 변화를 보인 변수가 없었다. 채소와 과일섭취의 행위적 변화과정에서는 모두 변화가 없었다. 3) 영양교육 후 채소섭취에 관한 자아효능감은 고려전단계에 있는 대상자에서 '채소를 보이는 곳에 둔다' (p < 0.01)와 '혼자 채소를 먹을 때 권장섭취 횟수만큼 먹을 수 있다' (p < 0.01). '채소 먹을 시간을 낼 수 있다' (p < 0.05)에서 증가를 나타내었다. 고려 및 준비단계에서는 고려전단계에서 나타난 '혼자 채소를 먹을 때 권장섭취 횟수만큼 먹을 수 있다' (p < 0.01)와 '채소 먹을 시간을 낼 수 있다' (p < 0.01)의 항목을 포함하여 '다양한 종류의 채소를 살 수 있다' (p < 0.01)에서 교육 후에 자아효능감이 높아졌다. 즉 채소섭취의 행동변화단계가 높아질수록 자아효능감의 수준이 성숙됨을 보였다. 과일섭취에 대해서는 영양교육 후 고려전단계에 속한 대상자에서 '과일을 보이는 곳에 둔다'의 자아효능감의 점수가 증가되었다 (p < 0.05). 이상의 연구결과에서 영양교육 후 행동전단계에 있는 아동들의 행동변화단계의 진전이 일어났고, 고려전단계와 고려 및 준비단계에서 모두 사회심리적요인의 수준이 높아졌으나 두 단계 간에는 교육효과의 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 과일에 비해 채소섭취와 관련된 사회심리적요인에서 교육 효과가 더 크게 나타났으며, 사회심리적요인들 중에서 판단 균형의 단점에 대한 인지도, 인지적 변화과정, 자아효능감이 영양교육의 평가지표로 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 보였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.381-391
• /
• 2006

This study is performed to compare the dietary intakes and food sources of copper (Cu) using the database of Cu content developed in this study between the elementary schoolchildren in remote rural areas (RA, n=58, $9.9{\pm}1.7$ yrs) and those in urban area (UA, n=60, $9.4{\pm}1.8$ yrs), and to analyze the relationship between serum Cu concentration and serum antioxidant status in the RA. The results obtained in this study were as followings: 1) Dietary intakes of calorie, calcium and iron in the RA were in the 3/5-4/5 of the Korean RDA while the UA were similar to or more than the Korean RDA, 7th ed. except iron. 2) More than 273 kinds of food consumed by the subjects were analyzed the content of Cu and database of Cu content were developed in the present study. The mean dietary intake of Cu per day in the RA was $0.99{\pm}0.07mg/d$ ($170.0{\pm}13.2%$ of the USA RDA) while it was $1.22{\pm}0.07mg/d$ ($203.4{\pm}13.1%$ of the RDA) in the UA. The percentage of dietary intakes of Cu less than 213 of the RDA was 8.6% in the RA in comparison to 0% in the UA. 3) The RA and the UA consumed more than 80% of total dietary intakes of Cu from plant foods. Thus, the RA and the UA consumed Cu from cooked rice, vegetables and fruits as a major source. However the RA had less Cu from meat and their products than did the UA (p<0.05) .4) Crab stew including crab and juice was the highest food source of Cu for the total subjects, followed by seasoned bud of aralia, cooked; beef rib meat, roasted; soybean paste soup w/mallow; and soybean paste soup w/mallow & beef. Major food source of Cu was similar for the RA and the UA such as cooked rice, vegetables and fruits. 5) Mean concentration of serum Cu in the RA was $18.1{\pm}0.7{\mu}M/L$ that was in the normal value, and all subjects in this group were in more than normal value. In the RA serum Cu concentration related positively with serum ceruloplasmin concentration, serum vitamin C concentration and EC SOD activity, respectively. However, serum Cu concentration did not relate with serum TBARS concentration in the RA. Above results showed that the RA had good status of Cu nutrition based upon dietary intake and serum concentration, however some of the RA had lower intake of Cu than the RDA. The overall children in the UA had good Cu nutrition. Therefore, the subgroup of the RA should be supported to improve their Cu nutrition, and this support could give them better antioxidant status based upon positive relationship between serum Cu concentration and serum antioxidant status in the RA.