• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.789-799
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• 2014

We have analyzed the effect of planting site (elevation) and direction of fruiting on the frost damage (tolerance to transparent skin and blemishes) of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb) 'Fuyu' fruit subjected to the early fall frost (November 2, 2012) in environment-friendly orchards of Changnyeong and Changwon (Gyeongsangnam-do Korea). In Changnyeong, the direction of fruiting showed a significant effect on the fruit weight and the fruit width (p<0.01), and the fruit firmness (p<0.05) while the planting site (elevation) did a highly significant effect on the fruit width and the frost damage (p<0.01), and fruit length (p<0.05). In particular, severe frost damage of fruit (15.2%) and leaves (about 90%) was observed in the plants located in the low elevation area of orchard. The damaged fruit had an transparent skin color and/or blemishes. In Changwon, there was no effect of the planting site and the direction of fruiting on the frost damage, and the fruit characteristics except the fruit width having been related to the planting site (p<0.05). So, the main effects for the fruit frost damage was a terrain factor around the orchards.

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.226-231
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• 2017

Coprinopsis cinerea was employed to investigate the fungal response to gravity. Mycelium growth revealed a consistent growth pattern, irrespective of the direction of gravity (i.e., horizontal vs. perpendicular). However, the fruiting body grew in the direction opposite to that of gravity once the primordia had formed. For the proteomic analysis, only curved-stem samples were used. Fifty-one proteins were identified and classified into 13 groups according to function. The major functional groups were hydrolases and transferases (16%), signal transduction (15%), oxidoreductases and isomerases (11%), carbohydrate metabolism (9%), and transport (5%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a proteomic approach to evaluate the molecular response of C. cinerea to gravity.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2023

This study was conducted to apply with an air duct for the cooling and a utilizing cultivating method that uses the fruiting node and the defoliation to the high-temperature vertical and hydroponic cultivation of the oriental melon. The lower fruiting node (LF) was to remove all third vines generated from 5 nodes of a secondary vine. The higher fruiting node (HF) was fruiting on the third vine generated from a first node of the third vine. The direction of the stem string; upward (UW), downward (DW). Four treatment conditions were applied with the LF-UW, LF-DW, HF-UW (control), and HF-DW. The leaf age of melon leaves was measured for photosynthesis at 3 days intervals, and the fruit characteristic was conducted on 79 fruits in each treatment. The photosynthesis rate steadily increased after leaf development, reaching 20.8 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1 on the 10 days, gradually increasing to 21.3 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1 on the 19 days, and reaching 23.4 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1 on the 32 days. After that, it lowered to 16.8 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1 on the 38 days and dropped significantly to 7.6 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1 on the 47 days. As a result of the fruit characteristics by fruiting nodes, the treatments of the fruit length was 12.6-13.4 cm, respectively, which was significant, and the fruit width was 7.9- 8.6 cm, respectively, was not significant. The soluble content ranged from 12.9 to 15.7°Brix, and the significance of all treatments, and higher than of LF-DW and HF-UW. The photosynthesis rate of melon leaves was good until 32 days after leaf development, but after that, the rate decreased. As for fruit quality, it was conformed that melons can be cultivated at the LF because the fruit enlargement and soluble content dose not decrease even when set at the LF. Results indicated that those can be used for LF and defoliation in the development of vertical and hydroponic cultivation method in high-temperature season.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 2021

This study aimed to compare the growth and production of paprika (Capsicum annuum) planted directly on a coir substrate slab according to the bending methods. The existing root direction was bent to 0° (I-type), 90° (L-type), and 180° (U-type), respectively. The weekly average growth such as stem length, diameter, and leaf area tended to be the highest in the I-type bending, but there was no statistical difference. Root weight at 46 weeks after planting was also about 1.3 to 1.7 times heavier in the I-type than the L- and U-type bending. As the yield produced by 330 plants by bending methods, the initial yield was the highest in the U-bending, but then the highest in the I-bending. Accordingly, the total yield was the highest in I-bending. Consequently, when planting on coir substrates directly in paprika cultivation, the I-type bending should be considered most suitable for securing root and plant vigor in the early stages of planting and for enhancing fruiting stability.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.81-88
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• 2011

This study was carried out to provide basic information for standard cultivation guideline of Korean mountain cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng). Environmental conditions, soil properties, growth process, cultivation methods and sowing timing were investigated in cultivations of Korean mountain cultivated ginseng in Korea (18 region in 9 province). Most of Korean mountain cultivated ginseng was cultivated to north, north-east, east or north-west direction in broad-leaved forest, IV age group, and 500~1,000 trees/ha. Elevation was below 500 m and slope was below $25^{\circ}$ in cultivation. There were significant differences in soil properties by region and cultivation based on organic matter (3.43~24.07%) and pH level (3.8~5.7). Sprouting, leaf unfolding, flowering, fruiting, red ripening, fruit drop and leaf drop of Korean mountain cultivated ginseng was investigated in cultivation. The results show that it took 98 days on average for the whole growth process. There were two methods, sowing and transplant for cultivation. Sowing methods were classified in sowing after opening-testa treatment and direct sowing. and it was 70% and 30%, respectively.