• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.812-818
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• 2014

Raising seedlings is important for fruit crops and is especially significant for strawberries as it accounts for 80% of their cultivation. However, there are few studies on raising seedlings of strawberries by hydroponics. Since strawberries show clear differences in growth characteristics based on cultivar, it is necessary to develop suitable fertilizer formula, concentration and pH for each cultivar, and also to examine the amount of nutrient feeding appropriate for each medium type. A key to raising seedlings of strawberries by hydroponics is the development of strategies to manage the concentration of nutrient solution. The mother plants of 'Daewang' strawberries were planted on hydroponics benches filled with cocopeat on March 28, 2012. Three nutrient solution treatments were employed during the term of raising seedlings: a type that supplied EC $0.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ nutrient solution for 30 days and only water for 20 days [0.6 (30) + 20]; a type that supplied EC $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ nutrient solution for 30 days and only water for 20 days [1.2 (30) + 20]; and a type that supplied EC $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ nutrient solution for 50 days [1.2 (50)]. The plants were then planted on hydroponics benches filled with cocopeat on September 20, and managed with EC $0.6-0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ strawberry nutrient solution developed by Yamazaki. After planting, shoot growth, flowering rate and fruit quality of the first cluster were investigated. The petiole length, leaf length, leaf width and crown diameter showed the highest grown in the [1.2 (50)] treatment, followed by [1.2 (30) + 20], and then [0.6 (30) + 20], indicating that the higher concentration of nutrient solution was preferable for raising seedlings. However, the growth differences among treatments gradually disappeared as growth continued, and the crown diameter especially grew to exhibit almost no difference at all among treatments. The point of flowering came first in [0.6 (30) + 20], followed by [1.2 (30) + 20] and then [1.2 (50)]. The [0.6 (30) + 20] treatment showed much earlier flowering than other treatments, which implies that low-concentration nutrient solution may be beneficial to the flowering of 'Daewang' strawberries while raising seedlings. There was no statistically significant difference among treatments in fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit firmness. Fruit weight in [1.2 (50)] treatment was significantly higher than other treatments. However, soluble solids of fruit was the lowest in [1.2 (50)] treatment. Together, the results of this experiment imply that it is better to supply EC $0.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ solution for 30 days and then supply only water for 20 days to adequately manage concentration of nutrient solutions during the period of raising seedlings of strawberries by hydroponics.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.56-63
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• 2017

This study was carried out to establish qualities of watermelon seedling (Citrullus lanatus) according to raising seedling period (RSP; 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, and 65 days) and was carried out to investigate growth characteristics after planting of the seedlings. In seedling qualities according to RSP, Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area of seedling with RSP 65 treatment were significantly increased. Fresh and dry weight in the above of corp showed a significant difference among the seedlings with RSP 40-45, RSP 50-60 and RSP 65 treatment, and that in of root were significantly higher in the seedlings with RSP 40, 45, 65 treatments than with other RSP treatments. S/R ratio was lower in the seedlings with RSP 40 and 45 treatments than with other RSP treatments. RSP affected to the leaf area and S/R ratio of seedling. After 11 weeks after planting of a various seedlings, except that height and node number of plant with 45 RSP treatment was lower than other RSP treatments, other growth characteristics were not significantly different amon RSP treatments. Leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight and S/R ratio were lowest in plant with RSP 65 treatment. Relative growth rate and net assimilation rate of planted watermelon tended to decrease and leaf area ratio was continuously increased until 9th week in the all treatments. The lighter and heavier fruit were produced in plants with RSP 40 and RSP 65 treatments (9.7 kg and 9.9 kg) and in RSP 50 and RSP 55 treatments (both 11.0kg), respectively. Fruit sugar contents was highest in fruit with RSP 45 treatment, and was lowest in RSP 50 and RSP 60 treatments. RSP showed a polynomial regression relation with the increment of fruit weight and the weight of harvested fruit. Considering the increment and weight of fruit, the most for RSP of watermelon seedling for planting were 50-55 days.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2018

A edible mushroom, Clitocybe maxima (Lentinus giganteusis) commercially cultivated in China and Taiwan. However, the researches of cultivation and cultural characteristics were not reported in Korea. In this study, we conducted on cultural characteristics and artificial cultivation of C. maxima. Six isolates were collected from China(3 isolates, commercial strain), Taiwan(1 isolate, commercial strain) and Korea(2 isolates, wild type). C. maxima and L. giganteus collected in China and Taiwan, respectively, are the same in China and are estimated to be of the same species as cultured characteristics. The mycelial growth of the collected strains was not significantly different in agar medium but it showed the best growth in YPMG in liquid culture. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth and induction of fruit body were 25℃ and 30℃, respectively. In order to artificial cultivation of C. maxima, cultural characteristics and artificial cultivation were carried out using agricultural by-products and forestry by-products materials. Mycelial growth was suitable in rice straw, cottonwood sawdust, corncob and rice seed medium, and it was selected as a cultivation medium. The suitable medium for artificial cultivation of C. maxima was selected to mixed medium 2(compounding ratio(v/v): 55% of hardwood sawdust, 5% of cottonseed pellets, 10% of cottonseed, 15% of beet pulp, 15% of swollen rice husks). It took about 30 days to be able to harvest, it was faster than oyster mushrooms. The cultivation period was about 30days. A isolate, CMA-002 was not initiation to fruit body primordiuma on the used cultivation substrate. Other 5 isolates were initiate and development to fruit body on the substrate used in this study. The strain CMA-003 was initiated to be fruiting body by 8~10 days after induction of fruiting body in all of the substrates. Isolate CMA-003 was generate to a bundle fruit body. Other isolates, however, were form fruit body individually. The CMA-003 strain was likely highly recommendable strains for farming. The optimum conditions for the induction and growth of C. maxima fruit body were 25~30℃, 8 hr illumination per day with white fluorescent lamp, 90~95% relative humidity, and 1,500 ppm of CO₂ concentration in a cultivation room.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.459-469
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• 2015

The effects of elevated spring temperatures on the growth and fruit quality of the mandarin hybrid 'Shiranuhi' [(Citrus unshiu ${\times}$ C. sinensis) ${\times}$ C. reticulata] were investigated in plastic greenhouses, to develop a cropping system to improve the quality of the fruit and increase the income of growers on Jeju Island, South Korea. Under conditions of elevated temperature I ($25/15^{\circ}C$, day/night) and elevated temperature II ($28/18^{\circ}C$, day/night) during early spring, budburst was advanced by 11 and 15 d, and full bloom by 22 and 45 d, respectively, compared to those of the plants grown at ambient air temperature in a plastic greenhouse. Elevated temperatures decreased the number of spring shoots but increased mean spring shoot length and leaf area. Growing 'Shiranuhi' trees at elevated temperatures resulted in increases in mean fruit weight and fruit L/D ratio (> 1.0). In addition, fruit color development was significantly advanced in trees grown under elevated temperatures during early spring, which allowed the fruit to be harvested 1-2 months earlier than trees grown under ambient air temperature. Fruit soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) at harvest were similar between elevated temperature I and ambient air temperature, but were significantly higher than at elevated temperature II. Considering fruit quality, harvest time, and yield, the elevated temperature treatment regime of $25/15^{\circ}C$ (day/night) during early spring could be useful for cultivation of the mandarin hybrid 'Shiranuhi' to increase the income of growers.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.475-483
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• 2023

This study was conducted to determine the optimal irrigation starting point by analyzing tree growth, physiological responses, fruit quality, and productivity in peach orchards. Seven-year-old 'Kawanakajima Hakuto' peach trees were used in an experimental field (35°49'30.4"N, 127°01'33.2"E) located within the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science located in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do. The irrigation starting point was set with four levels of -20, -40, -60, and -80 kPa from June to September 2022. While there were no significant differences in increase of trunk cross-section area and leaf area among treatments, shoot length and diameter decreased in the -80 kPa and -20 kPa treatments. The photosynthetic rate measured in August was highest for -60 kPa (17.7 μmol·m^-2·s^-1), followed by -40 kPa (15.6 μmol·m^-2·s^-1), -20 kPa (14.5 μmol·m^-2·s^-1) and -80 kPa (14.0 μmol·m^-2·s^-1). SPAD value measured in May and August was lower in the -80 kPa and -20 kPa treatments than in the -60 kPa and -40 kPa treatments. The harvest date reached three days earlier in the -20 kPa treatment compared to other treatments. The fruit weight was highest in the -60 kPa (379.1 g), followed by -40 kPa (344.0 g), -80 kPa (321.0 g) and -20 kPa (274.9 g). Firmness was the lowest in the -20 kPa treatment. The soluble solid content was highest in the -60 kPa treatment (13.3°Bx).The ratio of marketable fruits was highest in the -60 kPa treatment (50.7%) and lowest in the -80 kPa treatment (23.4%). In conclusion, we suggest that setting the irrigation starting point at -60 kPa could improve the fruit quality and yield in peach orchards.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2003

As a part of agricultural utilization of charcoal and pyroligneous acid, the effect of wood carbonization products on the growth of red pepper and soil microorganisms was investigated. The treatment of charcoal and pyroligneous acid provided good growth conditions to microorganisms through neutralizing soil acidity and improving the physicochemical properties of soil. Therefore the density of useful microorganism in the soil has been increased. In the growth of red pepper, the length, diameter, and the fruit numbers of red pepper have been increased by treating with wood carbonization products. It was especially shown that yield has increased about 50% in the fruit number, by treating charcoal 1kg, 1000 time-diluted solution of pyroligneous acid and bacteria, compared with the control. It was estimated that increasing the length of seedling and the diameter of red pepper stem contributed to the resistance against the prerequisites of various environmental changes in open field. Therefore, the final yield would be increased. In the antagonism experiment of red pepper mold (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), the mold became extinct in the 2- and 10-time diluted solution of pyroligneous acid, compared with the control. On the other hand, their growth speed was delayed in the 100- and 1000 time-diluted solution.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to selecting of oriental melon cultivars suitable for second cropping at summer season. At 20 days after transplanting, 'Supergumssaragi' and 'Gumhwangeunchun' were rapidly growing. Chlorophyll contents of 'Gumgigaeeunchun', 'Gumnodazieunchun', 'Gonggongcheelkkul' and 'Gumboddari' were higher than other cultivars. Days required from transplanting to harvesting of 'Gumboddari', 'Gumdongieunchun', 'Gonggongcheelkkul' and 'Gumgaeeunchun', 'Gumbora' and 'Supergumssaragi', 'Gumssaragieunchun', 'Gumnodazieunchun', 'Gummieunchun' and 'Gumhwangeunchun', 'Diamond' were 51, 52, 53, 55, 56 and 60 days, respectively. The fruit weigh tended to heavy in 'Supergumssaragi' and 'Gumgigaeeunchun'. The flesh thickness was thick a little in 'Gumgigaeeunchun'. The hardness tended to high in 'Gumgigaeeunchun', 'Gumnodazieunchun' and 'Gumgaeeunchun', but it was not difference between treatments. 'L', 'a', 'b' and Y.I. value of the fruit were not difference between the cultivars, but 'a' value was the highest at 'Gumgigaeeunchun', The yield per ha of 'Gumgaeeunchun' and 'Gumgigaeeunchun' increased 8%, 2% than 'Gumssaragieunchun', respectively. From above result, 'Gumgigaeeunchun', 'Gumdongieunchun', 'Gumnodazieunchun' and 'Gumgaeeunchun' cultivars are suitable in summer season.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the nutrition status, growth and fruit quality of 'Campbell Early' grapes in Hwaseong area. Organic matter content of 3 vineyard soils was significantly lower than standard value. P₂O₅ and K contents of Y vineyard and P₂O₅ of C vineyard were very high. But there were no significant differences in contents of Ca, Mg and CEC. Compared to the standard value. T-N, Ca and Mg contents of petiole were adequate. P₂O₅ contents of Y and C vineyard and K contents of Y vineyard were significantly higher than standard value. Berry firmness, color and bloom occurrence on fruit skin showed no differences among 3 vineyard. Soluble solids content poorly, yield per tree and goods fruit of C vineyard decreased significantly compared to the fruit in Y and H vineyards. Russetted fruit of Y vineyard, colored fruit of H vineyard, and unfertilized fruit, cracked fruit, and bitter rot were observed frequently.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2011

Shimizuomyces paradoxus showed no inhibitory effect against plant pathogen fungi, such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Alternaria solani. The S. paradoxus culture filtrate showed higher seed germination and seedling growth rates in canola than distilled water and potato-dextrose broth. A conidial suspension of $1.0{\times}10^4/mL$ resulted in the highest growth stimulating effects on total plant length, and fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots in cucumber, when compared to the highest suspension concentration. Total plant length and shoot weight increased with the foliar spray treatment, and root length and root weight increased by simultaneous treatments of soil drenching and foliar spray in cucumber. Lower concentrations of the S. paradoxus conidial suspension increased the harvest of tomato fruit.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 1999

This research was carried out to obtain the field resistance to disease and pest, and high yielding of new Boxthorn (Lycium chinense Mill.) varieties. Growth characteristics, yield potential, correlation of trait which was related the yield and path coefficient of the domestic native varieties. two of cultivated varieties and four of introduced varieties were investigated. In growth characters of collected varieties, the stem length of collected varieties in China were slightly long. Leaf area in Jindo, Kumsan native and Yusong 1 and 2 were wider than that of other varieties. Resistance to pest iniury was very strong at China 1, Japan 1 and Yusong 2 in eriophyidmite, and also resistance to anthrax anthracnose were showed less than 10% of the rate of attack fruit at Japan 1 and China 1. Flowering stage was more early in Chungyang native than that of other varieties. Fruit size of Kumsan native, Yusong 2 were large size fruit varieties. Fruit setting number was most abundant at 1,623 in Yusong 2 which was collected variety. And dry yields of fruit per lOa was more cmparatively abundant in Yusong 2 at 86% than those of Chungyang native. The high correlation cofficienct character with fruit yield were fruit setting and branching number and leaf area. Direct effect by path anaslysis were fruit setting number (Py=0.45), and branching number was showed indirect effect.