• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1536-1541
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• 1999

매실과육과 그 가공부산물인 매실착즙박을 대상으로 하여 과채류 가공품의 하나인 fruit leather를 제조한 후 그 성상 및 이화학적 특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 매실의 이용성을 증진시키기 위하여 매실과육과 매실착즙박을 주원료로 제조된 fruit leather는 각각 엷은 황갈색과 진한 황갈색을 나타내고 유연성을 갖는 leathery sheet형태의 성상을 보였다. 매실과육을 이용한 fruit leather는 총 식이섬유 4.06%로 분석되었고, 매실착즙박을 이용하여 제조한 fruit leather의 총 식이섬유는 7.82%로 조사되었다. 매실과육과 매실착즙박을 이용한 fruit leather의 열량은 각각 386 kcal와 352 kcal로 분석되었다. 이들의 수분활성도(Aw)는 각각 0.36, 0.48로써 미생물적으로 안정함을 보였으며, 색도에 있어서는 매실과육을 이용한 fruit leather의 L, a, b 값들이 더 높았고 color 측정항목에 대한 관능검사결과에서도 더 높은 선호도를 보였다. Texture analyzer를 이용하여 fruit leather의 texture를 측정한 결과 각 항목마다 매실과육을 이용한 fruit leather의 물리적 특성들이 높은 값으로 조사되었으며, 두 시료간의 유의적인 차이를 보였다. (P<0.01). Fruit leather의 관능검사결과 texture 항목 중 chewiness와 stickiness는 시료간의 유의적인 차이가 없었으며(P<0.01), color의 경우 매실과육을 이용한 fruit leather의 선호도가 높았으나 flavour 및 전체적인 맛은 매실착즙박을 이용한 fruit leather의 선호도가 높았다. 색소를 이용하여 매실착즙박을 이용한 fruit leather의 색깔을 향상시킨다면 훌륭한 스낵제품의 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1975

Since the importance of casing in fruit body formation of Agaricus bisporus has been emphasized, physico-chemical characteristics of casing materials were discussed by many workers and a mixture of peat and mineral soil as proper casing material has been adopted in many of mushroom growing countries. Because of limited resources of peat in Korea, it is necessary to find practical performance and substitutional materials for casing. The effect of casing on mycelial growth and mushroom yield of A. bisporus varied with materials, its combination and practices etc. The experiments to be discussed in this paper are concerned with pH and Ca of casing material which influence A bisporus, and changes of physico-chemical characteristics with mixing ratio of casing materials and its effect on A. bisporus. The optimum range of moisture content of each material, management of watering and application of physico-chemical characteristics casing materials was also investigated and re-use of weathered spent compost for casing material was described. 1. The effect of calcium on mycelial growth of A. bisporus at various pH in Halbschalentest showed different results with calcium sources. Best results were obtained around neutrality and fresh weight of fruit bodies grown in the range of pH 7 to 8 was highest among the tested levels. 2. Available moisture, pore space, organic matter, cation exchangeable capacity and exchangeable cation was increased by an increase of mixing ratio of peat in casing materials, while an adverse effect was obtained by addition of sand. 3. Mycelial growth on clay loam was more rapid at a lower bulk density of 0.75g/cc and at 20% moisture content on a dry weight basis at the same bulk density. 4. Mixing ratio of casing materials, 60 to 80 per cent by volume of peat mixed with 20 to 40 per cent of clay loam produced the highest yield of fresh fruit bodies and sand the lowest. However, per cent of open cap was highest in peat and lowest in sand. 5. Days required for fruit body initiation was shortened in mixtures of peat and clay loam by one to three days compared with other materials and the formation of flushes was clear. 6. The effect of some physico-chemical characteristics of casing materials on the fresh weight of fruit bodies were estimated by a multiple regression equation; Y=-923.86+$8.18X_1+8.04X_2+7.90X_3+0.12X_4+2.03X_5-0.82X_6-0.54X_7$ where $X_1,X_2,X_3,X_4,X_5,X_6,X_7$ are sand, silt, clay, available moistuer, porosity, organic matter and exchangeable cation respectively. The productivity of certain casing material could be predicted from this equation. 7. Fresh weight of fruit bodies was positively correlated with porosity exchangeable cation, organic matter, available moisture, silt and clay of materials; while sand was negatively correlated. On the contrary, sand was the unique factor reducing per cent of open cap. 8. Distribution of three phases of high productive casing material was concentrated in the range of 10 to 30 per cent solids, 15 to 30 per cent liquids, and 50 to 60 per cent in air volume. 9. Fresh weight of fruit bodies from peat was not affected with heavy watering but in clay loam and sandy loam severe crop losses occurred. Fresh weight of individual fruit was increased and open caps were decreased with heavy watering but light watering resulted in adverse effects: its effect was especially great in peat. 10. Optimum range of moisture content by weight on a dry basis was different with each casing material. To maintain optimum moisture content concerned with yield of fruit bodies and open cap, sandy loam and peat mixtures required daily watering of 0.6, 0.6 to 1. 2 and 1.2 to 2.4 liters per $3.3m^2$ of bed area, respectively. 11. Maximum yield of fruit body was recorded in the range of pF 2. 0 to 2. 5 of casing materials if organic matter content was below 4.2 per cent and in pF 1. 3 to 1.8 if above 7.1%. 12. pF curve of a certain casing material could be draws from moisture content at various pF values by multiple regression equations provided texture, organic matter and calcium of the casing material are given. Optimum moisture range of the casing materials also could be estimated by the equation. 13. It was possible to improve the phyico-chemical characteristics of clay loam and sandy loam by addition of weathered spent compost although the effect was less than in the case of peat. Fresh weight of fruit bodies wsa increased by addition of weathered spent compost but its effect was not as remarkable as peat. Accordingly, further studies will be required.

• 식물병연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2018

Ripe rot, Botrytis storage rot and Sclerotinia rot are major fungal diseases that lead to deterioration of fruit quality in Korea. Ripe rot, which is caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, affects harvested fruits during post-storage ripening, while Botrytis storage rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea, affects harvested fruits during cold storage, and Sclerotinia rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, mainly affects immature fruits on the trees. Major fungal fruit rots tend to affect yellow- and red-fleshed cultivars of kiwifruit more severely because of the sharp increase in their cultivation acreage in recent years in Korea. In this review, we summarize symptoms and epidemiological characteristics of the major fungal fruit rots and propose integrated management methods of the diseases that can be practically utilized at the farmers' orchards in order to prevent the diseases based on our research works and field experiences and the research works of others conducted during the last three decades worldwide.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.335-345
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• 2014

The productivity decrease in environment-friendly farming is the biggest obstacle for the development of environment-friendly food market. This paper aimed to analyze the productivity change in environment-friendly farming of fruit vegetables (oriental melon, watermelon, and strawberry). Box-Cox transformation model was used to infer the functional form of productivity change. The results showed that the periods of productivity restoration to 90% level in oriental melon, strawberry, and watermelon were 14.1 years, 11.4 years, and 6.0 years, respectively. The forms of productivity restoration of fruit vegetables showed differences due to their growth characteristics, incidences of crop pests, preference for the environment- friendly agricultural products, cultivation period and so on. Because the form and period of productivity restoration were different depending on kinds of fruit vegetable, the government policy should be established considering this point of view.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제94권1호통권158호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2005

식 약용 자원으로 활용도가 매우 높고 약리활성이 우수한 것으로 잘 알려진 우리나라 자생 복분자딸기 선발클론의 과실특성과 당도 및 항산화 활성을 조사 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 과실의 채취시기별 특성과 당도 변화를 조사한 결과, 과실횡경을 제외한 모든 요인들에서 클론간, 채취 시기간에 유의적인 차이가 있었으며 클론별로 SG 3호가 5클론들 중 가장 높은 당도를 나타낸 반면에 CJ 18호와 SH 3호 등은 반대의 경향을 보였다. 조사된 당도요인과 동일 기간 수원기상대에서 측정된 최고기온, 강수량 등 일별 기상자료들과의 상관을 분석한 결과, 최고기온이 $29.5^{\circ}C$ 이상일 때에는 전일에 비하여 당도의 상승 경향이 뚜렷하게 나타났으며 121.5 mm의 강수량이 기록되었던 7월 22일과 그 다음날에는 당도의 하향 경향이 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 아울러, 일강수량이 0.1 mm만을 기록한 7월 18일 오후까지의 당도는 평균 당도인 9.7 Brix보다도 높은 10.4- 11.5 Brix로 나타났다. 과실의 채취층위별 특성과 당도 변화를 조사한 결과, 조사된 클론간에는 유의적인 차이가 있었으나 채취층위에 있어서는 당도요인만이 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 클론별로는 MJ 11호가 15클론들 중 가장 크고 우수한 특성을 나타내었으나 당도에 있어서는 10.3 Brix로 약간 낮은 경향을 보였고 HAE 5호와 MC 9호는 불량한 과실특성을 나타낸 반면에 당도는 10.6 Brix와 13.4 Brix로 평균 당도인 9.8 Brix보다도 높은 경향을 보였다. 채취층위별 당도는 상층부에서 채취한 과실의 평균 당도가 10.2 Brix로 중 하층부에서 채취한 과실의 평균 당도 9.7 Brix와 9.5 Brix 보다도 높게 나타났다. 총 30클론의 과실에 대한 Free radical 소거능에 기인한 항산화 활성을 분석한 결과, 조사된 클론간에 차이가 있었으며 특히, 미숙과는 250~ 1,000 ppm의 농도에서 94.5~95.7%의 높은 소거능 활성을 나타내었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2013

In this study, two biodegradable polymer(PLA, PBS) emulsions were treated on agricultural packaging paper such as fruit bagging paper. Water-repellency, mechanical properties, and SEM image with thermal aging were measured on the emulsion treated fruit bagging paper. Biodegradable polymers(such as poly lactic acid, poly butylene succinate) emulsion treated fruit bagging paper had higher water-repellency and strength than other water-repellent(such as acrylic repellent, linseed oil and paraffin wax) treated fruit bagging paper. According to FE-SEM results of polymer emulsion coated fruit bagging paper, the colloidal particles of emulsion after thermal treatment (looks like being) were adhered to the fibers. Thus, using biodegradable polymer emulsion is expected to protect a fruit for a long time.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.501-509
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• 2013

This study shows the quality changes of Sulgidduk added Cheonnyuncho fruit powder during storage. Sulgidduk was prepared with freeze-dried Cheonnyuncho, rice flour, sugar syrup and salt. The Sulgidduk, which was made with various amounts (0,3,6,9,12%) of added Cheonnyuncho, was examined by the quality of duration during storage. The pH of Cheonnyuncho Sulgidduk decreased as the amounts of Cheonnyuncho fruit powder increased, and also showed a significant decrease as the storage increased. As the amounts of Cheonnyuncho fruit powder increased, lightness (L) decreased while redness (a) and yellowness (b) increased. During the storage period, the lightness (L) and yellowness (b) were increased, but redness (a) was decreased. In the texture profile analysis, the hardness and springiness were decreased with increasing Cheonnyuncho fruit powder, whereas cohesiveness, gumminess and brittleness were increased. However, the tendency of the changes of characteristics during storage was opposite except for springiness. In conclusion, it is suitable to extend the storage period of Sulgidduk added Cheonnyuncho fruit powder.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2017

This study was conducted to explore which pollen type could be an effective pollen source for self-incompatible 'Niitaka' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai), when different pollinizers were to be applied. The pollens of five different pears with similar flowering times were applied to bagged 'Niitaka' flowers grown in Cheonan city, Korea. Pollen types used were of different origins including Korean pears ('Wonhwang' and 'Chuhwangbae'), Japanese pears ('Chojuuro' and 'Okusankichi'), and Chinese pear ('Yali'). Results show that the amount of pollen produced by flowers of each cultivar was the largest in Korean pear 'Wonhwang' (234 g/100 flowers) and the smallest in Japanese pear 'Okusankichi' (126 g/100 flowers). A high proportion of large fruits (> 600 g), 71.4% of total production, was found in the fruits treated with 'Yali' pollen. However, these fruits showed an unfavorable external appearance. Based on individual fruit width differences, 'Chojuuro' treatment produced the smallest difference in fruit diameters (3.2 mm) and 'Yali' treatment' gave the largest (4.8 mm). Also, the difference in fruit length was the largest in 'Yali' (7.5 mm), which also produced the most uneven fruits among the pollinizers used. Meanwhile, the use of pollens of 'Wonhwang' and 'Chuhwangbae' improved productivity by increasing the fruit shape index and the ratio of bigger fruits in total production. Moreover, those pollens also decreased the development of lenticels on fruit skins which gave them a smoother appearance.

• Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology : HEB
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.787-804
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• 2018

Flavor quality is import for determining consumer perception and acceptance of tomato products. In this study, 'Fendou' tomato fruit were harvested at six ripening stages and sampled to investigate the development of flavor-relevant compounds during vine ripening. Results showed that upon the initiation of ripening there was an increase in respiration rate and concomitant ethylene evolution that was associated with increased membrane permeability. In accordance with these physiological changes, flavor-relevant compounds demonstrated different expression patterns as fruit ripened, which contributed to 'red-ripe' flavor characteristics of red-ripe fruit. Based on correlation analysis between ethylene evolution and the flavor-relevant compounds during 'Fendou' tomato ripening and the other researchers' reports, the activation of System 2-dependent autocatalytic ethylene production plays an important role in the development of most flavor-relevant compounds during tomato vine ripening. Overall, our results suggested that most flavor-relevant compounds that accumulated the most during tomato fruit ripening at red stage could be under ethylene regulation and were among the most important contributors to the 'red-ripe' flavor. Due to the development of these compounds, the flavor quality at late ripening stages is different from that of fruit at early ripening stages.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2006

대추나무에 관한 연구 및 2008년부터 시행될 산림수종의 품종보호제도에 대비하여 대추나무의 특성조사요령검정지침서(TG : Test guidelines) 작성 등에 활용할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하고자 우리나라에서 가장 많이 재배되고 있는 대추나무 복조 등 5품종을 대상으로 과실과 엽의 형태적 특성들을 조사, 주성분분석 및 군집분석 등과 같은 다변량 분석법을 이용하여 분석 고찰한 결과, 인(仁)과 관련된 특성에서는 유의성이 인정되지 않아 대추나무의 품종간 유연관계를 고찰하는 특성으로는 부적절 한 것으로 판단된다. 과실중량을 비롯한 모든 특성들에서 보은대추 품종이 복조를 비롯한 다른 4품종과는 형태적 특성에서 명확하게 구분되는 것으로 나타났다. 주성분분석 결과, 제1주성분의 고유값은 10.45로 전체 분산에 대하여 65.3%의 기여도가 있는 것으로 분석되었으며, 고유 값이 1이상인 제3주성분까지의 전체 분산에 대한 기여도는 96.5%로 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 과실종경을 비롯하여 엽장과 엽병장 및 정엽장과 정엽폭, 과형지수와 핵형지수 및 정엽형지수와 같은 형태적 특성들이 대추나무 품종의 유연관계를 구명하는데 높은 기여도를 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. 군집분석 결과, 거리수준 3.3을 기준으로 보은대추를 제외한 무등과 월출 및 금성과 복조품종이 포함된 I group과 보은대추 품종만이 포함된 II group등 크게 2개의 group으로 구분할 수 있었으며 I group은 무등과 월출 및 복조품종이 포함된 sub group과 금성 품종 등 2개의 sub group으로 다시 구분할 수 있었다.