• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2009

The reference herbal extracts and their identification methods by Korean Pharmacopoeia IX were established based on the organic solvent extracts to detect their marker compounds. However, most of herbal medicine decoctions in the market are prepared with water as extracting solvent. As the reference herbal extracts and their identification methods are not appropriate for the practical test, new preparation of alternative reference herbal extracts and their identification test methods are essential for the correction of test methods and identification of herbal drugs. Three novel identification test methods were developed for Evodiae Fructus, Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus. Total 10 reference herbal extracts and their identification methods were optimized for Ephedrae Herba, Schisandrae Fructus, Curcuma longae Rhizoma, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, Puerariae Radix, Corni Fructus, and Cinnamomi Cortex.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2004

The effect of aqueous extract of processed Xanthii fructus (PXF) on cell viability and histamine release from mast cell has been investigated. PXF showed higher cell viability than unprocessed Xanthii fructus (XF) at the concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/ml. Aqueous extract of PXF and unprocessed XF inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis in mouse. Both PXF and unprocessed XF dose-dependently inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80 to the similar extent at 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/ml. Our studies provide evidence that processing of XF may be beneficial to reduce cytotoxicity in high concentration (at 5 and 10 mg/ml) but does not affect on anti-allergic activity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.558-562
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• 1996

Betulinic acid and alphitolic acid, the triterpenoids of Zyziphi Fructus, were isolated with silica gel column chromatography and used as the standard substances for the analysis. The compounds were determined with HPLC and HPTLC. They were separated on reversed phase column (Nova-Pak C18) with 0.05M Na2HPO4-methanol (19:81) in HPLC and detected at 210nm. Separation on HPTLC precoated silica gel F254 plates was carried out with chloroform-methanol (6:1) and the separated compounds were reacted with p-anisaldehyde and detected at 540nm. The contents of betulinic acid and alphitolic acid in Zyziphi Fructus from four different regions in Korea were in the range of 2.9~3.8% and 3.2~3.9%, respectively.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.47-53
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of the fruit extract of Lycium chinense Mill(Lycii Fructus, LF) on multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups; normal, STZ-control, Lycii Fructus extractorally administrated 300 ㎎/㎏ group (STZ-LF). Diabetes was induced in rats by consecutive injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at doses of 30 ㎎/㎏ for 5 days. After 4 weeks, all rats were sacrificed, Fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG) and HDL-Cholesterol were measured in sera of rats. Histopathological changes of pancreas, kidney, liver and lung tissues were observed by microscope after H&E, Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining. The changes of body weight, blood glucose, and food and water intake were also measured.Results : There were no differences in body, food intake and water intake in LF-administrated groups compared with STZ control group. However, LF extract significantly decreased the levels of serum glucose, CHO, TG and HDL-Cholesterol in diabetic rats. In histopathological analysis of kidney, liver and lung, LF-administrated groups showed the inhibition of morphological damage.Conclusions : These results suggest that LF have a biological action on multi low-dose STZ-induced diabetes in rats via decreasing the serum glucose, TG and TG levels and may protect the morphological changes of kidney, liver and lung.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.325-329
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• 1991

Effects of Lycii Fructus on primary cultured chicken embryonic brain cells were studied by microscopic observation, determination of the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), and syntheses of protein, RNA and DNA. The brain cells were prepared from the brains or 10-day-old chicken embryos and cultured with a deficient medium. The activity of PDHC in the brain cells cultured with a deficient medium was increased to 1.8 times by the addition of $30\;{\mu}g/ml$ of the total methanol extract of Lycii Fructus. To seek the active fraction, total methanol extract was further fractionated by the polarity. The survival rate of neuronal cells was significantly increased by the addition of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ of the buthanol or aqueous fraction. At this concentration, the significant increase of the syntheses of protein and RNA, but not of DNA, indicates that the fractions may act on the neuronal cells which are known to be non-dividing cells.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.3 s.134
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• pp.206-209
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• 2003

The fruit of Evodia officinalis (Rutaceae) is known for containing a number of indoloquinazoline and quinoline type alkaloids. Evodiamine, evocarpine and rutaecarpine are the major constituents of Evodiae Fructus. These alkaloids were isolated and determined by forming complex compounds from Evodiea Fructus. For the determination of these alkaloids, a new spectrophotometric method was developed with a simple and selective sample clean-up using thiocyanatocobaltate [II] complex ion. The absorbance of alkaloidal complex in 1.2-dichloroethane solution was measured at 625 nm. A calibration curve for the alkaloids isolated from Evodia Fruit was linear over the concentration range of $1.0{\sim}6.0\;mg/ml$. The method proved to be rapid, simple and reliable for the isolation and the determination of the alkaloids in Evodiae Fructus.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1225-1243
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• 2018

The berries of Schisandra chinensis (Schisandra fructus) are given the name Omiza in Korean (五味子), which translates as "five flavor fruit" because they possess all five basic flavors in Korean traditional herbal medicine: salty, sweet, sour, pungent (spicy), and bitter. It is used as a remedy for many ailments: to resist infections, increase skin health, and cure insomnia, coughing, and thirst. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Schisandra fructus butanol fraction (SFB) on serum lipid levels in hyperlipidemic mice. In this experiment, effects on total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride in serum were measured. In our results, SFB did not affect weight gain in hyperlipidemic mice. Oral administration of SFB lowered levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, which were elevated by induction of hyperlipidemia. Finally, administration of SFB regulated changes in gene expression which were related to cell growth and differentiation.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2014

■ Objectives The berries of Schisandra chinensis (Schisandra Fructus) are given the name Omiza in Koreane(五味子), and have been used asremedies for many ailments: to resist infections, increase skin health, and combat insomnia, coughing, and thirst. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Schisandra Fructus hexane fraction (SFH) on serum lipid levels in Hyperlipidemic mice. ■ Methods In this experiment, effects on total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, fasting blood glucose in serum were measured. And in addition, histopathological and gene expression changes in liver tissue was also observed. ■ Results SFH did not affects weight gain, serum AST and ALT in hyperlipidemic mice. Oral administration of SFH lowered levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, which were elevated by induction of hyperlipidemia. Finally, administration of SFH lowered fasting blood glucose significantly. And SFH also ameliorates anti-oxidative stress systems in internal organs which play key role in disease prevention. ■ Conclusion Results in our study suggest that SFH can prevent obese through regulation of dyslipidemia and hyperglycaemia.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.183-194
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• 2017

Objectives: Chijasitang (CJST) has been prescribed for patients with anxiety disorder, and is believed to treat insomnia. The present study was carried out to investigate whether Fructus Gardeniae, Fermented Semen Sojae Preparatum and CJST have beneficial effects on treating anti-stress. Methods: The mice were divided into the following groups: normal, control, positive control, and experimental. Then, the experimental groups were further divided into the Fructus Gardeniae group (FG), the Fermented Semen Sojae Preparatum group (FS), the Chijasitang water extract group (CJSTW), and the Chijasitang 30% ethanol extract group (CJSTE). In the positive control group, a single dose of imipramine ($500{\mu}g/g$) was applied to the mice. In the experimental groups, each single dose of FG, FS, CJSTW and CJSTE ($50{\mu}g/g$) was applied to the mice. After one hour, the mice in all groups except the normal group were exposed to immobilization stress. Their body weights, phagocytosis, nitric oxide in macrophage, corticosterone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were observed. Results: Fructus Gardeniae, Fermented Semen Sojae Preparatum and Chijasitang prevented weight loss and suppressed the decrease of phagocytosis in the mice after their exposure to immobilization-stress. Although they did not influence the amount of NO, they suppressed the increment of ACTH and corticosterone in the immobilization-stressed mice. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, they suggest that Fructus Gardeniae, Fermented Semen Sojae Preparatum and Chi-Ja-Si-Tang all have some anti-stress effects.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.897-902
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Crataegi fructus as natural health food source. The research was conducted to determine the biofunctional activities of Crataegi fructus extract. Methanolic extract from Crataegi fructus was partitioned by using organic solvents, including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Ethyl acetate soluble fraction was shown to have the strongest antioxidant activity ($RC_{50}=4.39{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) among the fractions. In the antimicrobial activity assays, ethyl acetate soluble fraction was effective in bacterial inhibition, against the cases of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, with minimum inhibitory concentrations in $125{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In the anticomplementary activity assays, water soluble fraction was the most effective exhibiting 18.4% inhibitory activity.