• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of electroencephalograph (EEG) power and coherence on cognitive function in normal elderly, non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment, and demented elderly during working cognition tasks. Forty elderly women (19 demented elderly, 10 non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment, 11 norma1 elderly) participated in this study, All subjects performed working cognition tasks with Raven's CPM while EEG signal was recorded, EEGs were measured continuously at rest and during the working cognition task. EEG power and coherence was computed over 21 channels: right and left frontal, central, parietal, temporal and occipital region. We found that there were more correct answers among normal elderly women than in other groups Owing the working cognition task, ${\Theta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2 and F8, a wave at Fp2, ${\beta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2. F4 and F8 of the frontal region was increased significantly in the demented elderly group. On the other hand. ${\Theta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2 and F7, ${\beta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2, F3 and F7 of the frontal region was increased significantly in the group of non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment. In contrast. in the normal elderly group, all of the ${\Theta}$ wave and ${\beta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, F7 and F8 of the frontal region (except ${\beta}$ wave at F3) was increased significantly, These results suggest that the nerves in prefrontal and right hemisphere regions were most active in the demented elderly group during problem solving, and the nerves in the prefrontal and left hemisphere lobe were most active in the group of non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment. In contrast, me majority of nerves in the frontal region were active in the normal elderly group.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.91-92
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• 2011

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.959-962
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• 2000

Gliosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of the central nervous system consist of gliomatous and sarcomatous elements. The authors report a case of gliosarcoma in the right frontal lobe. Sharp demarcation of the tumor from surrounding tissue and its superficial location may lead to complete removal and prolonged survival despite high malignancy.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2006

A new species of leuconid cumaceans, Nippoleucon projectus n. sp. is described on the basis of the specimens collected from western shallow coast of the South Korea. This new species is easily distinguished from two previously recorded species (N. hinumensis and N. enoshimensis) in having the fifth abdominal segment prominently projected to rear at dorsal posterior portion and the carapace of the female with three spines on the frontal lobe.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.395-404
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• 2010

Purpose : The object of this study was to examine the effect of motor learning on brain activation depending on the method of motor learning. Methods : The brain activation was measured in 9 men by fMRI. The subjects were divided into the following groups depending on the method of motor learning: actually practice (AP, n=3) group, action observation (AO, n=3) group and motor imagery (MI, n=3) group. In order to examine the effect of motor learning depending on the method of motor learning, the brain activation data were measured during learning. For the investigation of brain activation, fMRI was conducted. Results : The results of brain activation measured before and during learning were as follows; (1) During learning, the AP group showed the activation in the following areas: primary motor area located in precentral gyrus, somatosensory area located in postcentral gyrus, supplemental motor area and prefrontal association area located in precentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, speech area located in superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, Broca's area located in inferior parietal lobe and somatosensory association area of precuneus; (2) During learning, the AD groups showed the activation in the following areas: primary motor area located in precentral gyrus, prefrontal association area located in middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, speech area and supplemental motor area located in superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, Broca's area located in inferior parietal lobe, somatosensory area and primary motor area located in precentral gyrus of right cerebrum and left cerebrum, and somatosensory association area located in precuneus; and (3) During learning, the MI group showed activation in the following areas: speech area located in superior temporal gyrus, supplemental area, and somatosensory association area located in precuneus. Conclusion : Given the results above, in this study, the action observation was suggested as an alternative to motor learning through actual practice in serial reaction time task of motor learning. It showed the similar results to the actual practice in brain activation which were obtained using activation of mirror neuron. This result suggests that the brain activation occurred by the activation of mirror neuron, which was observed during action observation. The mirror neurons are located in primary motor area, somatosensory area, premotor area, supplemental motor area and somatosensory association area. In sum, when we plan a training program through physiotherapy to increase the effect during reeducation of movement, the action observation as well as best resting is necessary in increasing the effect of motor learning with the patients who cannot be engaged in actual practice.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.271-275
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• 2001

60세 남자 환자로 좌측 정중 전두엽과 양측 기저절 경색 후 발생한 과잉성욕 증상과 강박 증상을 주소로 내원하였다. 환자는 뇌졸중 후에 발생한 운동 기능 장애는 시간이 경과하면서 호전되어 발병 1개월 이내에 거의 정상화된 반면 과잉성욕 증상과 강박 증상은 호전되지 않았다. 환자에게 과잉성욕 증상과 강박 증상을 목표로 fluvoxamine과 perphenazine을 처방하였으며 치료 시작 후 2개월이 경과하면서 환자의 과잉성욕 증상과 강박 증상은 서서히 사라졌다. 이 증례는 기저절-시상전두엽 회로가 성적 행동과 강박 증상의 조절에 있어 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 시사한다고 할 수 있다. 과잉성욕 증상은 임상에서 간과하기 쉽고 또한 일반적으로 성적 활동에 대한 변화는 환자들 스스로 보고하지 않는 경향이 많다. 따라서 뇌졸중 환자, 특히 정중 전두엽이나 기저절 병변을 동반한 환자들의 경우에는 비록 그 병변이 측두엽 침범이 없거나 Kluver-Bucy syndrome의 전형적인 증상을 보이지 않는다 할 지라도 성욕등 성적 활동에 대한 체계적인 조사가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 과잉성욕 증상과 강박 증상을 함께 가지고 있는 경우 선택적인 세로토닌 재흡수 억제제의 사용이 두 증상 모두를 효과적으로 치료하는 데에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system methylphenidate on changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods: A total of 26 children with ADHD (21 boys, mean age: $9.2{\pm}2.05$ years old) were recruited. Each ADHD participant was examined for changes in rCBF using technetium-99m-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime brain SPECT before and after 8 weeks methylphenidate medication. Brain SPECT images of pediatric normal controls were selected retrospectively. SPECT images of ADHD children taken before medication were compared with those of pediatric normal controls and those taken after medication using statistical parametric mapping analysis on a voxel-wise basis. Results: Before methylphenidate medication, significantly decreased rCBF in the cerebellum and increased rCBF in the right precuneus, left anterior cingulate, right postcentral gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule and right precentral gyrus were observed in ADHD children compared to pediatric normal controls (p-value<.0005, uncorrected). After medication, we observed significant hypoperfusion in the left thalamus and left cerebellum compared to pediatric normal controls (p-value<.0005, uncorrected). In the comparison between before medication and after medication, there was significant hyperperfusion in the superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus and significant hypoperfusion in the right insula, right caudate, right middle frontal gyrus, left subcallosal gyrus, left claustrum, and left superior temporal gyrus after methylphenidate medication (p-value<.0005, uncorrected). Conclusion: This study supports dysfunctions of fronto-striatal structures and cerebellum in ADHD. We suggest that methylphenidate may have some effects on the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and cerebellum in children with ADHD.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine whether the changes of contralateral sensorimotor cortical activation on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can predict the neurological outcome among spinal cord injury (SCI) patients when the great toes are stimulated without notice. Methods : This study enrolled a total of 49 patients with SCI and investigated each patient's preoperative fMRI, postoperative fMRI, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score, and neuropathic pain occurrence. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to the change of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response on perioperative fMRI during proprioceptive stimulation with repetitive passive toe movements : 1) patients with a response of contralateral sensorimotor cortical activation in fMRI were categorized; 2) patients with a response in other regions; and 3) patients with no response. Correlation between the result of fMRI and each parameter was analyzed. Results : In fMRI data, ASIA score was likely to show greater improvement in patients in group A compared to those belonging to group B or C (p<0.001). No statistical significance was observed between the result of fMRI and neuropathic pain (p=0.709). However, increase in neuropathic pain in response to the signal change of the ipsilateral frontal lobe on fMRI was statistically significant (p=0.030). Conclusion : When there was change of BOLD response at the contralateral sensorimotor cortex on perioperative fMRI after surgery, relief of neurological symptoms was highly likely for traumatic SCI patients. In addition, development of neuropathic pain was likely to occur when there was change of BOLD response at ipsilateral frontal lobe.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.25.1-25.5
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• 2019

Background: Brain abscess is a life-threatening condition that occurs due to complications during a neurosurgical procedure, direct cranial trauma, or the presence of local or distal infection. Infection in the oral cavity can also be considered a source of brain abscess. Case presentation: A 45-year-old male patient was transported with brain abscess in the subcortical white matter. Navigation-guided abscess aspiration and drainage was performed in the right mid-frontal lobe, but the symptoms continued to worsen after the procedure. A panoramic radiograph showed alveolar bone resorption around the maxillary molars. The compromised maxillary molars were extracted under local anesthesia, and antibiotics were applied based on findings from bacterial culture. A brain MRI confirmed that the three brain abscesses in the frontal lobe were reduced in size, and the patient's symptoms began to improve after the extractions. Conclusion: This is a rare case report about multiple uncontrolled brain abscesses treated by removal of infection through the extraction of maxillary molars with odontogenic infection. Untreated odontogenic infection can also be considered a cause of brain abscess. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the possibility that untreated odontogenic infection can lead to serious systemic inflammatory diseases such as brain abscess. Through a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment, physicians should be encouraged to consider odontogenic infections as a potential cause of brain abscesses.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.339-341
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• 2007

A 22-year-old woman with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was hospitalized for headache and vomiting. CT scan showed a well-defined, ring like enhancing mass in the left frontal lobe with surrounding edema and midline shift. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a round homogeneous mass with a ring of enhancement in the left frontal lobe. Tl-201 brain SPECT showed increased focal uptake coinciding with the CT and MRI abnormality. Aspiration of the lesion performed through a burr hole yielded many neutrophils, a few lymphocytes and histiocytes with some strands of filamentous microorganism-like material. Modified AFB stained negative for norcardia. Gram stain showed a few white blood cells and no microorganism. Antibiotics were started and produced a good clinical response. After one month, CT scan showed markedly reduction in size and extent was observed.