• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.39-50
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to be performed with studio-type housings among urban life-type housings to investigate the physical characteristic and crime-related factors of studios from the viewpoint of the basic principles of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). Method: Eight CPTED guidelines available in Korea were reviewed to select 20 planing factors for actual condition investigation. Five single households in studio-type housings in Gwanak-gu, Seoul, were chosen according to the subject screening criteria to perform the actual condition investigation. Results: First, a lighting plan around a building for natural surveillance should consider the building location, relation with the front road, and surrounding facilities. In a building of a piloti structure, the parking lot and the building gate should be arranged in a manner that enables natural surveillance. Second, the shape of the corridors in studio-type housings should be considered to plan the installation of a lighting at the door of each household, the installation of a viewer window at the door of each household, and the arrangement of the elevator. Third, to support access control, an access control system having the function of video and voice communication is recommended to be installed at the building gate. Criteria for the type of security windows and the floors on which security windows should be installed, and the regulations about the CCTV installation inside and outside the building should be prepared. Fourth, to enhance territoriality in parking lots, ground patterns, parking lot gate, and signs may be installed. Fifth, in view of effective utilization and maintenance, lighting facilities should be installed to increase the usability of ground parking lots, and relevant installation criteria should be prepared regarding the type, number, and brightness of the lightings.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 2002

In this paper, in order to know the effect of the interference, we have analyzed the BER (Bit Error Rate) performance of the MUD(Multi-User Detector) employing HIC(Hybrid Interference Cancellation) scheme for the asynchronous WCDMA system based on 3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project) Spec. through the In this paper, in order to know the effect of the interference, we have analyzed the BER (Bit Error Rate) performance of the MUD(Multi-User Detector) employing HIC(Hybrid Interference Cancellation) scheme for the asynchronous WCDMA system based on 3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project) Spec. through the computer simulation. we have assumed Rayleigh fading channel. And we have compared its BER performance with SIC's(Successive Interference Cancellation) and with PIC's(Parallel Interference Cancellation), which are the representative schemes in the subtractive interference cancellation. From the results, it is shown that PlC or HIC is effective for high data-rate users and SIC of HIC for low data-rate users to eliminate the interference. Regardless of the data rate, it is reasonable to use the HIC structure for WCDMA system to satisfy all of users' services. The reason is that the SIC scheme in front of HIC can guarantee the performance of low power users to cancel the serious interference caused by the high power users, while PIC in the rear of it can guarantee the performance of high power users to cancel the interference caused by the low power users.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.45
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• pp.187-219
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• 2009

Under the pressure of the selection of topics and the presentation rules of mass media, politics in media society increasingly resort to professionalized forms of theatrical staging as a means of self-portrayal. Although these staging methods are not contradictory to what is actually going on in politics, they strongly advantage the tendency to focus exclusively on the staging of an event. Through their competition for public attention, politicians have been developing sophistication regarding placement and staging of events as well as regarding factual information. In the process of this transformation, politics that are issue-related and based on binding decisions are being gradually transformed into symbolic politics. Moreover, through their appearance on TV, politicians first of all need to possess presentational skills which are not necessarily related to their political achievements. Still, presentational skills decide over the success in politics of those politicians. The reason is that a politician who possesses presentational skills is still being perceived as being successful even if his political achievements notedly lag behind. On the other hand, political achievements are being underrated if a politician lacks the talent to present himself in front of the media. “The staging of politics, “politainment”, on the stage of mass media is evolving into a key structure which is responsible for a new coinage of politics in all different kinds of dimensions: the selection of staff, the role of action programs and their impact for the legitimation of political acting, even in relation to therole of pivotal political institutions such as parties and parliaments in the political process. The TV debates during the Bundestag elections of the year 2002 and 2005 are being analyzed and judged as “staging of politics”(politainment). Self-dramatization in media society concerning media discourses about politics and political self-portrayal has become a basic principle of political communication. Self-dramatization is a vital challenge for adequate political communication and content-based orientation in our present media democracies.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to investigate possibility of the allogenic type I collagen inducing osteoinduction or osteoconduction at critical sized bone defect in the rabbit. Twenty Newzealand white rabbit, weighted from 2.8 kg to 3.5 kg, were used in this study. The skull was exposed and two bony defects were created with diameter of 10 mm. Group I(n=10), the bony defects was grafted from the other side bone. Group II(n=10), the bony defects was grafted by the allogenic type I collagen with bone morphogenic protein(BMP). Group III(n=10), the bony defects was grafted by the allogenic type I collagen only. Group IV(n=10), the bony defects was lefted with no grafts. The grafted bones and allogenic type I collagen were investigated with radiologic densitometry, histologic analysis and immunohistochemistry after 12 weeks. No major difference was observed in the gross finding between Group I, II, III, but dura mater was exposed in bony defect,the Group IV. The radiologic study demonstrated more bony opacity in the Group I, but the other groups did not demonstrate a significant difference. In the histologic study, grafted bone edge was completely consolidated with original bone in group I and new bone ingrew into the grafted allogenic type I collagen(group II, III),but there is no bone regeneration from the original bony edge in the group IV. The percent of the new bone formation by cross-sectional area was considered statistically significant at a p value of less than 0.05(p<0.05). In the immunohistochemistry study about BMP antibodies, the group IV demonstrated osteogenic activity in front of advancing original bone edge, in which the osteoblast stained strongly for BMP antibodies, but other group does not demonstrated any osteoblastic expression. There was no immunologic rejection. In conclusion, this results do not demonstrate that the allogenic type I collagen is useful for bone substitute, but the characters of the collagen, such as pliability, easy-handling, sponge-like structure, are useful in interpositional bone graft substitutes. The further evaluation of long term results about the resorption, immunologic tissue reaction, response of applied tissue growth factor to the allogenic collagen is needed.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.269-272
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• 2015

this is the study of the human body antenna device which can detect the powder in a 360-degree on(under) the ground whether it is metal or nonmetal using superhigh frequency RF beam equipped with the body. and it is able to transmit the data of the detection of the powder, battle combats can share that among them. with its flexible roof radial antenna structure, it emits the superhigh frequency RF beam to the front and flank multiply, preprocesses through the powder preprocessing part. and with the non-linear regression model algorism engine part, reflecting the attenuation characteristics depend on the delayed time of degree of the signal power which is received to the superhigh frequency RF beam. so it is able to detect the signal of the most likely mine or powder based on the degree of the answer signal power according to the delayed time of the superhigh frequency RF beam. also, it can detect the powder whether it is metal or nonmetal, mine, dud, VBIED. it can increase the chance of detection about 90% more than existing mine detector.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.217-226
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• 2018

Since the sides of a vehicle are designed asymmetrically unlike its front or rear, the degree of deformation of the car body greatly differs depending on the site of collision if a broadside collision takes place. When elastic deformation and plastic deformation occur in the car body occur due to a collision, the kinetic energy is absorbed into the body, and the momentum decreases. Generally, an analysis of traffic accidents analyzes the vehicle's behavior after a collision by the law of momentum conservation and corrects the error of the amount of energy absorption due to the deformation of the car body, applying a restitution coefficient. This study interpreted a finite element vehicle model applying the structure of the car body and the material properties of each part with LS-DYNA, analyzed the result and drew the restitution coefficient and the depth of penetration according to the contact area of the vehicle in a broadside collision between an SUV and a passenger car. When the finally calculated restitution coefficient and depth of penetration were applied to the examples of the actual traffic accidents, there was an effect on the improvement of the error in the result. It was found that when the initial input value, drawn using the finite element analysis model, it had a higher reliability of the interpretation than that of the existing analysis techniques.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.7-22
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• 2011

With the accumulations of outcomes from archaeological excavations of mountain fortress of three kingdoms period, there have been studies about time-periodic territory range of mountain fortress, difference in the way(method) of construction, defence system and so on from various points of view. This is an empirical study on the construction method of the valley part of stone fortress. First of all, it is required to secure large quantity of fresh water for those who lived at mountain fortress. Especially when builders of fortress construct a fortification at the valley part of stone fortress, in advance they must sufficiently consider several options including the establishment of sustainable water resources. First, when it comes to build a fortification on a ridge[or a slope] of a mountain, you have only to consider a vertical stress. However, when it comes to build a fortification at the valley part of a mountain, You must have more sufficient preparations for the constructing process. Because there are not only a vertical stress but also a horizontal pressure simultaneously. Second, a fortification of mountain fortress built by using unit building stone is a structure of masonry construction like brick construction, and the valley part of it is where the construction of the fortification begins. Third, when it comes to build a fortification at the valley part of a mountain, it seems that they use a temporary method such as coffer dam in oder to prevent the collapse of the fortification due to heavy rain. Furthermore, in response to a horizontal pressure a fortification is built by the way of its plane make an arch, or by piling up the soil with the plate method(類似版築) and earthen wall harder method(敷葉) they increase cross-sectional area of the fortification and its cutoff capacity. In front direction they put the reservoir facility for the fear that the hydraulic pressure and earth pressure are directly transmitted to the fortification. The process of constructing the fortification at the valley part of a mountain is done in the same oder as follows; leveling of ground(整地) ${\Rightarrow}$ construction of coffer dam ${\Rightarrow}$ construction of the fortification between the both banks of the valley ${\Rightarrow}$ construction of the fortification at bottom part of spill way(餘水路) between the both banks of the valley ${\Rightarrow}$ construction of spill way(餘水路) & reservoir facility ${\Rightarrow}$ construction of the fortification at upper part of spill way between the both banks of the valley. Coffer dam facility seems to be not only the protection device on occasion of flood but also an important criterion to measure the proper height of spill way or tailrace(放水路). This study has a meaningful significance in that it empirically examines the method of reduction of the horizontal pressure which the fortification at the valley part of a mountain takes, the date the construction was done, and wether the changes in climate such as heavy rainfall influence the process of construction.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2008

Near-field scanning microwave microscope (NSMM) has been used to characterize the electromagnetic properties of samples based on a cavity perturbation technique. We used a NSMM using a waveguide cavity to couple a metallic probe tip as a point like evanescent field emitter. We explained the quality of our NSMM system by applying the cavity perturbation theory. First, to make a shape perturbation, we inserted linear and loop probes in the waveguide resonator. To check up electric and magnetic field distribution inside the waveguide resonator by shape perturbation, we confirmed the field distribution by using a HFSS simulation. Second, to make material perturbation, we located a dielectric sample in front of the probe tip and measured reflection coefficient $(S_{11})$. We found that the resonance frequency$(f_r)$ was changed linearly as the dielectric constant of resonator$({\varepsilon}_r)$ increased when ${\Delta}{\varepsilon}\;and\;{\Delta}{\mu}$ were small.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.1 s.41
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• pp.71-87
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• 2005

4 royal palaces are currently remained from capital city (Seoul) of 'Cho-Sun(朝鮮)' period. In these palaces, 'Main hall of Royal Palace(正殿)' is the center of the Royal Palaces. The 'Main hall of Royal Palace' of the Royal Palace was the best building of that time. Therefore there were many studies about the 'Main hall of Royal Palace'. But these studies were individual studies of these 'Main hall of Royal Palace'. Therefore, this study is to analyze and compare 4 'Main hall of Royal Palace' of the Royal palaces. It is to study the proportion regarding the Diameter of the pillar, the Height, the pillar and pillar Interval's Distance, and the arrangement of 'Kong-Po(bracket sets)'. With these studies, it is to prove that the 'Main hall of Royal Palace' is the building which high construction technique of this time is expressed. Result of this study is as followings; First, the proportion of pillar height(H) to its diameter(D) average from H=8.0 to 8.5D. Only the Myeong-Jeong-Jeon omitted the 'Go-Ju(高柱)' in the 'Toi-Kan (退間)' to place Ea-Jwa(御座). Second, Second, the proportion of diameter of the pillar of 'Eoi-Bu-Pyeong-Ju(外部平柱)' and 'Nae-Jin-Go-Ju(內陣高柱)' average D1(Diameter of 'Eoi-Bu-Pyeong-Ju') =0.91D2 (Diameter of 'Nae-Jin-Go-Ju'). In regards to the height, the single floor 'Main hall of Royal Palace' and double floor 'Main hall of Royal Palace' seems to be different. The height proportion of the double floor 'Main hall of royal palace' is H1(Height of 'Eoi-Bu-Pyeong-Ju')=0.34H2(Height of 'Nae-Jin-Go-Ju') and single floor 'Main hall of Royal Palace' has a proportion of H1=0.62H2. Third, in Geun-Jeong-Jeon, with the proportion of height and diameter of the pillar, interval's distance between pillars and diameter, the pillar interval distance and height, of 'Ea-kan(御間)' from the 'Toi-Kan' is different from 'Main hall of Royal Palace'. This is because the structure of 'Toi-Kan' of Geun-Jeong-Jeon is not stable. In order to reinforce this, 'Gui-Go-Ju(隅高柱)' of the Geun-Jeong-Jeon jut out $4{\sim}7%$ more compared to In-Jeong-Jeon. Fourth, when comparing double floor 'Main hall of royal palace' of Geun-Jeong-Jeon and In-Jeong-Jeon, based on distance of 'Eoi-Bu-Pyeong-Ju' and 'Nae-Jin-Go-Ju' of lower level, the 'Sang-Bu-Pyeong-Ju(上部平柱)' of Geun-Jeong-Jeon jut out $4{\sim}7%$ more compared to the In-Jeong-Jeon and also It becomes thicker. Fifth, the arrangement of 'Kong-Po' on the front row of 'Gan(間)' had to do with the change of side 'Gan'. Even though the Geun-Jeong-Jeon and the In-Jeong-Jeon were double floors, the arrangement of the 'Kong-Po' is different because the number of side bay is different.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.93-119
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• 2009

Nowadays the number of crimes is increasing rapidly and society is getting more and more dangerous. Recently the criminal aspect of our society, the intelligence, diversity, localized area, as well as for the crime victims also difficult to predict the damage recovery is not easy to change their level of pain and are also serious. This phenomenon is increasingly expected to intensify, the proper response is a factory. The more so if the victim of murder. The criminal mediation working on the operational adjustments Borrower payment, Construction charges, investments and financial transactions due to interpersonal conflicts that occurred as a fraud, embezzlement, breach of trust property crimes such accused, individuals between the defamatory, offensive, encroachment, violating intellectual property rights and private Disputes about the complaint case and other criminal disputes submitted to mediation to resolve it deems relevant to the case who are accused. But the core of a detective control adjustment, adjust the members' representative to the region, including front-line player or a lawyer appointed by the attorney general at this time by becoming parties to this negative view may be ahead. Some scholars are criticizing the current criminal justice system for the absence of proper care for the criminal victims, as an alternative to the traditional criminal justice system. The introduction of the summary trial and related legal cases, the command structure, compensation system, crime victims' structural system can be seen as more classify, crime subject to victim's complaint, By case with a criminal misdemeanor in addition to disagree not punish criminal, minor offense destination, traffic offenders, regular property crime, credit card theft, intellectual property rights violators can be seen due to more categories can try. They sued in law enforcement, Prosecution case has been received and if any one party to the criminal detective Arbitration request arbitration by the parties can agree to immediately contact must be referred to arbitration within 15 days of when the arbitration case will be dismissed. These kinds of early results of the case related to, lawyers are involved directly in the arbitration shall be excluded. Arbitration system is the introduction of criminal justice agencies working to help resolve conflicts caused by adjustment problems will be able to. This article does not argue that we should stick to the traditional justice system as a whole. Instead it argues that the restrictive role of the traditional justice is to be preserved.