• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.18-26
• /
• 1957

There are two problems to be solved by our efforts in the enamel frit. One is how we can cover the enamel frit thin with complete milk white as possible, and the other is how it can be, made resistant for chemicals than before one. The frit which can solved the two problems just mentioned above is titanium enamel frit. This frit has been developed in America after War Ⅱ, and now the research for concerning antimony frit into titanium frit is under development entirely. In order to develope the enamel industry in Korea, it is urgent problem to convert antimony frit into titanium frit. By the way the titanium frit is emulsified titanium oxide crystal which made through reheating the supersaturated solution of titanium oxide in the basis of glass. Unfortunately, there are many obscure points in active fact or which influence on its composition and characteristics yet. However, this task was tried for the first in Korea. As first step, the test was carried on the reference books, and we can be possible convert antimony frit into titanium frit as a result of this experiment. As a conclusion, for the purpose of developing the enamel industry in Korea, we studied that the research for converting antimony enamel frit which has been used popularly into titanium enamel frit which is more economic and resistant for chemicals. As a result of experiments, the following points concerning with titanium frit have become clearly. 1. It is better when the composition of titanium enamel frit has as following table.Man Duck San Silica 24 An Yang Feldspar 20 Borax 28 Sodium Nitrate 4 Cryolite 7 Calcium Carbonate 3.6∼1 Titanium Oxide 10 Calcium phosphate 0 ∼3.2 Calcium Fluoride 0∼1.8 Antimony Oxide 0∼0.5 2. The amount of $TiO_2$, to be added is $10%\;to\;12{%,\;CaF_2\;is\;under\;1.8%,\;P_2O_5\;is\;under\;1.6%,\;Sb_2O_3\;is\;under\;0.5%$. 3. In the titanium frit, the limit of iron oxide amount to be included is under 0. 5%. 4. Comparing the titanium enamel frit with antimony enamel frit not only the titanium frit can be savely 20.6% in the price of raw materials, but one time of glazing and heating process is omitted in each case, and it is known the titanium frit is more resistant for chemicals than antimony frit.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.529-533
• /
• 2010

Porous frit-bonded alumina ceramics were fabricated using alumina and frit as raw materials. The effects of frit content and sintering temperature on microstructure, porosity, and flexural strength were investigated at low temperature of $750{\sim}850^{\circ}C$. Increased addition of frit content or higher sintering temperature resulted in improved flexural strength of porous frit-bonded alumina ceramics. It was possible to produce frit-bonded alumina ceramics with porosities ranging from 35% to 40%. A maximum strength of 52MPa was obtained at a porosity of ~38% when 90 wt% alumina and 10 wt% frit powders were used.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2009

The effect of glass frit on the sintering behavior and mechanical properties of 3 mol% $Y_2O_3$-doped zirconia($3Y-ZrO_2$) have been studied. Up to 30 wt% of glass frit was added to $3Y-ZrO_2$. Sintering was performed in a box furnace up to $1300^{\circ}C$ for specimens with glass frit and $1600^{\circ}C$ for specimens without glass frit in air for 1h. Relative density and mechanical properties were measured to investigate the effect of glass frit. The addition of glass frit enhanced both sintered density and mechanical properties of $3Y-ZrO_2$ which is suitable for dental applications. Maximum sintered density 93.3% of theoretical density was obtained with the specimens containing 30 wt% frit sintered at $1300^{\circ}C$, whereas the optimum amount of frit addition for mechanical properties was determined as 10 wt%. Maximum value of strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers microhardness for specimens with glass frit were 206 MPa, $3.4\;MPa\;m^{1/2}$, and 5.3 GPa, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.601-607
• /
• 1995

The bond strength between the low-firing-substrate and Cu conductor depended on the softening point and the amount of frit added to the metal paste. The addition of 3 wt% frit (softening point: 68$0^{\circ}C$) to the metal paste resulted in the improvement of bond strength, which was approximately 3 times higher (3kg/$\textrm{mm}^2$) than that of non frit condition. It was also found that fracture surface shifted to the ceramic substrate in the interface region. These phenomena were attributed to the frit migration into the metal-ceramic interface. It was thought that the migration of glass frit occurred extensively when the softening point of glass firt was 68$0^{\circ}C$. The sheet resistance of Cu conductor remained constant by the addition of 4 wt% frit regardless of softening point of frit. For all samples with more than 4 wt% frit, the sheet resistance increased abruptly.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2007

This study was to add crushed frit with different grain sizes to 3Y-TZP so that it could determine the mechanical properties depending on sintering temperature. In this study, 3 types specimens were prepared in powder with respective additions of 20wt.% frit, which was sized through 24-, 48- and 72-hour ball milling with zirconia. Then, sintered pellets were tested in experiments under the temperature variations for different compositions. As a result, this study came to the following findings: 1. It was found that the higher sintering temperature and the longer ball milling time of frit led to the higher sintered density. 2. Bending strength tended to increase with higher sintering temperature and longer ball milling time of frit. 3. Hardness tended to increase with higher sintering temperature and longer ball milling time of frit. 4. However, it was found that fracture toughness didn't vary significantly depending on sintering temperature. From these findings, it was concluded that the smaller frit grain size and the narrower particle size distribution of frit lead to the better mechanical properties.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.101.3-101.3
• /
• 2010

Glass frit은 실리콘 태양전지의 Ag/Si contact을 위해 필수적이다. 태양전지의 고효율 특성 구현 때문에, Contact resistance(Rc)가 우수한 Pb-frit의 사용이 불가피한 상황이다. 본 연구는 기존의 Pb계를 무연화함과 동시에 동등수준의 효율을 목표로 하였다. Ag 분말 size 및 glass frit의 열적 거동 특성이 SiNx 코팅층 침투와 Ag re-crystallites에 미치는 영향에 대해 평가하였다. 6 inch 다결정 실리콘 웨이퍼를 사용하였으며, softening temperture(Sp)별로 4종의 Bi계 glass frit을 제조 하였고, 분말 size가 다른 3종의 Ag powder를 선정하였다. Glass frit Sp가 $460^{\circ}C$ 이상의 경우에는 효율이 10% 미만이였으나 Sp $460^{\circ}C$ 이하에서는 16% 수준의 효율을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.07b
• /
• pp.828-831
• /
• 2005

Producing high transparency dielectric is still one of the most important subjects in the PDP process for improving luminous efficiency. It has been reported by many workers that transparency is improved by controlling the composition of the frit, the frit size and distribution, and the firing atmosphere. To understand the mechanism of discoloration of frit, $Bi_2O_3$ and $B_2O_3$ glasses were used for a leaching test using water and alcohol solution in milling. As a result, the frit prepared by wet milling had lower chemical durability than that prepared by dry milling. The leached layer around the frit showed high stability for heat treatment because the frit surface was covered with hydroxides or hydrates which was resulted from a reaction between the frit and the solution during milling.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2009.10a
• /
• pp.255-267
• /
• 2009

PDP용 형광체는 소성 후 입자간 결합부족으로 인한 탈락현상 및 셀 결함 불량과 Red, Green, Blue 간 유전율 불일치로 인한 방전불량 현상 등의 문제점을 안고 있다. PDP용 형광체의 소성 후 입자간의 결합력을 증진시키기 위하여 frit을 조제로 첨가하였고, 이에 따른 기계적, 전기적, 광학적 특성의 변화를 조사하였다. 사용된 frit은 자체 소결시 무색의 투명하고 ZnO-$B_2O_3-SiO_2-Al_2O_3$계 비정질 세라믹 재료이며, 연화점은 $499.78^{\circ}C$이다. 형광체 중량의 3${\sim}$20wt% 범위에서 frit의 첨가량 변화에 따른 영향을 조사하였다. Frit의 첨가량이 증가할수록 경도가 증진 되었고, 5wt% 미만 함유될 경우 Red, Green, Blue 형광체 모두 유전율 조절 효과가 미약하였다. Red 형광체는 frit함량이 3wt% 이상 함유되면 휘도가 90% 미만으로 감소하였고, Green과 Blue는 frit 함량이 10wt%이상 함유되면 확연하게 휘도가 감소 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.26 no.12
• /
• pp.858-862
• /
• 2013

The front electrode should be used to make solar cell panel so as to collect electron. The front electrode is used by paste type, printed on the Si-solar cell wafer and sintered at about $800^{\circ}C$. The paste is composed Ag powder and glass frit which make the ohmic contact between Ag electrode and n-type semiconductor layer. From the previous study, the Ag electrodes which used two commercial glass frit of Bi-system were so different on the interface resistance. The main composition of them was Bi-Zn-B-Si-O and few additives added in one of them. In this study, glass frit was made with the ratio of $Bi_2O_3$ and ZnO on the main composition, and then paste using glass frit was prepared respectively. And, also, the paste using the glass frit added oxide additives were prepared. The change of interface resistance was not large with the ratio of $Bi_2O_3$ and ZnO. In the case of G6 glass frit, 78 wt% $Bi_2O_3$ addition, the interface resistance was $190{\Omega}$ and most low. In the glass frit added oxide, the case of Ca increased over 10 times than it of G6 glass frit on the interface resistance. It was thaught that after sintering, Ca added glass frit was not flowed to the interface between Ag electrode and wafer but was in the Ag electrode.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.10 no.8
• /
• pp.2150-2156
• /
• 2009

The effects of MgO and coloring agents on the physical properties and color of zirconia based ceramics with glass frit were studied. The addition of MgO was effective on the coloring of zirconia-20wt% glass frit system. Major factor on the coloring was turned out to be sintering temperature. Coloring agents was turned out to be more effective than the addition of MgO on the coloring of zirconia base ceramics. Specimen without glass frit showed drastic change in color, while specimen with 20wt% glass frit revealed a limited change in color. This means that the addition of glass frit suppresses the coloring of zirconia based ceramics. The effect of sintering temperature on coloring revealed little change in color.