• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.371-380
• /
• 2004

This study investigated about tendency of friendships characteristics and self-esteem of elementary and middle school girls, especially how they differ with respect to grades and how self-esteem differ in terms of friendships characteristics of elementary and middle school girls. The results of this study were as follows: First, regarding general tendencies of friendships and of self-esteem, this study showed that most adolescents had best friends, close friends and a group of friends. Also, almost all had more than three close friends, hung around with a group of friends consisting of 5 to 8 young people, interacted with friends more than once a week. Most adolescents perceived 'social acceptance' as most important, followed by general self-worth, conduct behavioral, cognitive ability, physical appearance and the physical ability. Second, this study showed that there were significant differences in terms of general characteristics and self-esteem based on grade. Third, this study showed there were significant differences in the level of self-esteem according to whether the adolescents had best friends, how many close friends they had, how many had a group of friends, and how frequently they interacted with friends.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.181-193
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this research was to study differences between reciprocal and unidirectional friendships and to examine evidence on whether certain constituents of friendship can predict the termination of friendships. A total 375 subjects- 190 elementary and 185 middle school children in Pusan- were administered questionnaires two times at an interval of 3 months. Frequency, factor-analysis, t-test, discriminant-analysis, and cross classification analysis were applied for data analysis. The results of the study were as follows: 1) The different constituents of reciprocal and unidirectional friendships were statistically significant. That is, children in reciprocal friendships perceived their relationships more positively, felt closeness more strongly, and evaluated their friend more highly than the children in unidirectional friendships. 2) The termination of reciprocal friendships was predicted by the constituents of friendship. The most powerful predictor was the degree of closeness and the second powerful predictor was the degree of commitment to the relationship and the 3rd powerful predictor was perceived characteristics of the friend. The last powerful predictor was perceived characteristics of the relations. 3) There were no sex differences in the rate of termination of reciprocal relationships. 4) There were age differences in the rate of friendship termination of reciprocal relationships. That is, the rate of termination of reciprocal relationships among older children was higher than among younger children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between peer victimization by peers, bullying, and friendships, with a focus on friendship network, friendship quality, and friends' characteristics. The subjects were 678 fifth and sixth grade primary school children recruited from a public school in Bucheon city. The peer nomination index was used to assess peer victimization, bullying, and friendship network. In addition, children themselves reported on the quality of their friendships using the Friendship Quality Scale. The results showed that victimization by peers was influenced by friendship network size, support, and victimization of friends, whereas bullying was explained by support and the bullying behaviors of friends.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.307-314
• /
• 2019

This study investigated children's friendship factors such as number of friends, friendship quality, and friends' characteristics as a function of children's sociometric status. The concordance between children's and their friends'perceptions of friendship quality was examined. Subjects were fifth grade students recruited from two public schools. The peer nomination index assessed peer rejection and acceptance. Positive and negative nominations as well as social preference identified children into rejected and popular groups. Children who nominated each other on their list of friends were considered mutual friends. Children reported the quality of their friendships using the friendship quality scale. The results showed that rejected children had fewer mutual friends compared to popular children. Rejected children as well as their friends perceived their friendships less positively. Moreover, rejected children's perception showed lower correlations with their friends'perceptions than popular children's perceptions. Furthermore, rejected children were similar with friends in respect to peer rejection level. It was concluded that rejected children's problems in their peer group and dyadic friendships may mutually influence each other. The findings from this study highlight the need for future research on friendship quality and psychosocial adjustment for rejected children.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.193-207
• /
• 2007

The present study investigated the influence of withdrawal on children's best friendship including prevalence of best friendship, friendship quality, and friends' psychosocial characteristics. Subjects were 471 fifth and sixth graders recruited from two public schools. The peer nomination index was used to assess peer victimization, withdrawal, and prosocial behavior. Peer rejection and acceptance were also measured. Children reported on the quality of their friendships using the Friendship Quality Scale(Bukowsi et al., 1994). Results showed that compared to control group, withdrawn children had fewer best friends and perceived their friendship quality more negatively. Moreover, withdrawn children are similar with their best friends in respect with prosocial behavior, withdrawal, peer victimization, and peer rejection level.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.46 no.9
• /
• pp.61-69
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate similarities in behavioral characteristics between children and their friends. Aggression and withdrawal behaviors, in conjunction with the effects of friendship quality and characteristics on peer rejection were analyzed. The participants were 414 fifth and sixth grade primary school children recruited from public schools in Bucheon city. Firstly, the peer nomination index was used to assess aggression, withdrawal, and peer rejection. Secondly, children reported on the quality of their friendships using the Friendship Quality Scale. The results indicates similarities in aggression and withdrawal between children and friends. Friends' aggression and withdrawal characteristics predicted children's peer rejection, which was more pronounced with higher friendship quality.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.35-49
• /
• 2002

This study examined the developmental characteristics of friends and disliked peers in 169 children and adolescents, including 44 preschool children, 43 primary school, 42 middle school, and 40 university students. Their descriptions of 2 same gender friends and 2 disliked same gender peers were categorized with an 81 category coding system. Comparisons across age and sex were made by a cross-tabulation test. Results showed that the reported characteristics of friends and disliked peers varied by age, but there was no sex difference. That is, younger children liked their friends because they played together, their friends were generous and attractive, but older children liked friends because they had some similarity, were reliable allies, caring and concerned. Younger children's disliked peers were aversive, aggressive and hyperactive while older children's disliked peers were dissimilar and snobbish.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.77-95
• /
• 1999

Friendship network characteristics, friendship quality, and popularity status were examined for 298 first and third graders(M age=7 yrs., 3 mo. and 9 yrs., 2 mo.). Children provided friendship nominations and responded to the Friendship Quality Scale(Rhee & Koh, in press). Results indicated that 3rd graders had larger friendship networks and more supportive friendship than 1st graders, and girls reported more reciprocal friends and more supportive friendships than boys. The best predictor for friendship satisfaction was a reliable alliance. The higher the reciprocity in friendship choice, the higher the perception of friendship functions and satisfaction. Unpopular children were less likely than popular children to have a reciprocal friend, although friendless children were found in both groups.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.169-185
• /
• 2007

Participant observations, in-depth interviews, and analyses of documents were used for collecting data. Children separated from their parents were living with grandparents because their parents were working abroad. Results included socio-cultural and psycho-social factors. (1) The socio-cultural grounded factors or the common characteristics of young children's family life in both living circumstances included early childhood academic achievement orientation, demands of responsibility and obedience, limited opportunity for social development, and societal phenomenadeveloping wide family concept affected by China's Confucianism and Korean-Chinese social culture. (2) Psycho-social grounded factors included the present care-givers' perceptions of the child's agency and their beliefs in the importance of play and friendship. This affected interactions between child and care-giversand child's self-esteem and friendships.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.11 no.4 s.29
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2005

For the purpose of finding correlation between the characteristics of the rural residents and the maintenance activities of naturally favorable waterside spaces, this paper has conducted a research with the focus on the three model case regions in Japan. The methods of the research included surveys, interviews, and documents. The research confirmed that the three regions in focus have characteristics distinct from one another. The rate of participation in group activities was high in a region, with members that belong to groups most active in the maintenance activities. Reasons for their participation included: to manage the local area themselves; and to promote cooperation and friendships among the residents. This proves that participation in the maintenance activities has also attributed to the formation of close communities in the regions. According to the analytic conclusion of the factors related to participation, the residents' experience to have been involved in a professional education program which induces communal participation, acted more as the major factor than the individual ones.