• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.145-153
• /
• 2015

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid state welding that could successfully weld the difficult-to-weldmaterials such as an aluminum alloy. In this welding process, the stirrer of the welding tool is one of the important factors for producing the perfect sound joint that indicates the higher joint strength. So, this report aims to apply the friction stir welding using various stirrer geometries to weld the AA6063-T1 aluminum alloy butt joint, investigates the mechanical properties of the joint and then compares the mechanical properties with the microstructure of the joint. An experiment was started by applying the friction stir welding process to weld a 6.3 mm thickness of AA6063-T1 aluminum alloy butt joint. A study of the stirrer geometries effect such as a cylindrical geometry, a cone geometry, a left screw geometry and a right screw geometry at a rotational speed of 2000 rpm and a welding speed of 50-200 mm/min was performed. The mechanical properties such as a tensile strength and a hardness of the joint were also investigated and compared with the microstructure of the joint. The results are as follows. A variation of FSW Stirrer shape directly affected the quality AA6063-T1 aluminum alloy butt joint. A cylindrical stirrer shape and a cone stirrer shape produced the void defect at the bottom part of the weld metal and initiated the failure of the joint when the joint was subjected to the load during the tensile test. Left and right screw stirrer shapes gave the sound joint with no void defect in the weld metal and affected to increase the joint strength that was higher than that of the aluminum base metal.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2006

The butt and the lap welding by friction stir welding performs with $2mm^t$ 1050 aluminum alloy sheet. This paper shows behaviors of property such as vickers hardness, yielding and ultimate stresses, and macro structures for weld zone cross section of the butt and the lap jointed specimens. It is also carried out making comparison with maximum loads, stress-strain diagrams, and deformation after the guided bending test and fracture behaviors between the butt and the lap jointed specimens. It is found that the weldability of the butt jointed specimen is better than that of the lap jointed specimen.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.980-985
• /
• 2008

Since its invention at TWI in 1991, Friction Stir Welding (FSW) has become a major joining process in the aerospace, railway and ship building industries especially in the fabrication of aluminium alloys. In an attempt to optimize the friction stir welding process of Al alloys for extrusion Aluminium carbody of HEMU-400X (Extrusion Aluminum 6xxx series), effects of joining parameters such as tool rotating speed, plunging depth and dwelling time on the weld joints properties were evaluated. Experimental tests were carried out for butt joined Al plates. A wide range of joining conditions could be applied to join Al alloys for Extrusion Aluminum 6xxx series without defects in the weld zone except for certain welding conditions with an insufficient heat input. The microstructures of welds have dynamic-recrystallized grain similar to stir zone in FSW weld. For sound joints without defects, at the rotation speed of 700 rpm with different welding speeds, the tensile strengths of the Stir Zone(SZ) were almost the same, 80% of those of the base metal. (JIS Z 2201)

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.62-67
• /
• 2009

Friction stir welding (FSW) was carried out for Al-Mg-Si series aluminum alloys which are being used for automotive body structure. Consequently, Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) was applied to the friction stir welds to evaluate the effect of the paint baking process which is one of the automotive fabrication process on friction stir welded zone (FSWZ) in 443K for 1.2Ks. Grain structure and its crystal orientation distribution was measured about both the as welded specimens and the post weld heat treated specimens. An optical microscope (OM) and an field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) was used for observing the grain structure and measuring its crystal orientation distribution, respectively. Changes on the grain structure and its crystal orientation distribution were not detected. From the present results, it was confirmed that the paint baking process after FSW do not affect on the grain structure and its crystal orientation distribution of FSWZ. The comprehensive investigations will be performed for various automotive aluminum alloys manufactured by different processes, in the future.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한용접접합학회 2007년 추계학술발표대회 개요집
• /
• pp.17-19
• /
• 2007

The fatigue experiments of friction stir welded Al-6061-T6 alloy with and with out back bead were performed to investigate the variation in fatigue strength and life of the Joint. It was found that there were always existed flaws at the roots of friction stir welds for the normal welding parameters and clamping conditions. In order to overcome this root flaws, friction stir welds with optimum back bead has been developed. The test results with root flaws and with back bead were compared. The fatigue life of weld with root flaws was 5-10 times shorter than that of the friction stir weld with back bead.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
• /
• pp.516-521
• /
• 2002

A study was carried out to grow an understanding of the microstructural development of friction stir welds on an AZ91D magnesium alloy, and to evaluate the mechanical properties of the welds. AZ91D plates with the thickness of 4mm were used, and the microstructural development of the weld zone was investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopes. Square butt welding joint with good quality was obtained at the conditions of under 187mm/min of travel speed with 1100 to 1250 rpm of tool rotation speed. The microstructure within the weld region consisted of fine equiaxed grains with no evidence of the original dendritic structure. The hardness tests showed slightly increased harness in the weld region, and the minimum hardness measured is in that of the parent material. Tensile strength of the weld zone was remarkably improved due to very fine recrystallized structure. XRD pattern of weld zone revealed the removal of $\beta$ intermetallic compounds, $Mg_{17}$Al$_{12}$, which had been distributed in the base metal.l.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.34-39
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir lap joints. Invar 42 and SS 400 were selected as the experimental materials, and friction stir welding was carried out at a tool rotation speed of 200 rpm and welding speed of 100 mm/min. The application of friction stir welding to Invar 42 effectively reduced the grain size in the stir zone; the average grain size of Invar 42 was reduced from $11.5{\mu}m$ in the base material to $6.4{\mu}m$ in the stir zone, which resulted in an improvement in the mechanical properties of the stir zone. The joint interface between Invar 42 and SS 400 showed a relatively sound weld without voids and cracks, and the intermetallic compounds with $L1_2$ type in lap jointed interface were partially formed with size of 100 nm. Moreover, the hook in the advancing side of Invar 42 was formed from SS 400, which contributed to maintenance of the tensile strength. The evolution of microstructures and mechanical properties of friction stir lap jointed Invar 42 and SS 400 are also discussed herein.

• Design & Manufacturing
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.46-51
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the change in tensile strength characteristics of the weld when the welding speed and rotational speed of the tool, which are representative variables of the friction stir welding process. The equipment used in the experiment was Machining Center No. 5. The material used in the experiment is an AA6061-T6 alloy, and a rolled plate with a thickness of 2mm was used. Two experimental variables were selected, the welding speed of the tool and the rotational speed of the tool. The experimental conditions were selected in the range in which a healthy weld could be obtained through a preliminary experiment. The welding speed of the tool was increased to 100mm/min, 200mm/min, and 300mm/min, and the rotational speed of the tool was increased to 1000rpm, 2000rpm, and 3000rpm. As a result of the experiment, the tensile strength increased as the rotational speed of the tool changed at each tool welding speed. In addition, as the welding speed of the tool increased, the tensile strength of the weld was increased. The condition with the highest tensile strength of the weld was found to be a tool feed speed of 300 mm/min and a tool rotation speed of 3000rpm.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.791-796
• /
• 2001

Friction stir welding is a solid phase welding process that does not melt the metal when welding. The FSW is the most remarkable and potentially useful new welding technique that is still in development. Friction stir butt welding process on 2 mm thick Al 1050 plates by utilizing a milling machine was experimentally studied. With the optimized heat generating tool welds could be achieved that are void and crack free. It was found that the friction stir welded tensile test specimens failed in the HAZ outside of the weld metal, and that the tensile strength was above 90% of that of the base metal.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.123-129
• /
• 2012

The microstructures and mechanical properties of friction stir welded lap joints of Inconel 600 and SS 400 were evaluated; friction stir welding was carried out at a tool rotation speed of 200 rpm and welding speed of 100 mm/min. Electron back-scattering diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were introduced to analyze the grain boundary characteristics and the precipitates, respectively. Application of friction stir welding was notably effective at reducing the grain size of the stir zone. As a result, the reduced average grain size of Inconel 600 ranged from $20{\mu}m$ in the base material to $8.5{\mu}m$ in the stir zone. The joint interface between Inconel 600 and SS 400 showed a sound weld without voids and cracks, and MC carbides with a size of around 50 nm were partially formed at the Inconel 600 area of lap joint interface. However, the intermetallic compounds that lead to mechanical property degradation of the welds were not formed at the joint interface. Also, a hook, along the Inconel 600 alloy from SS 400, was formed at the advancing side, which directly brought about an increase in the peel strength. In this study, we systematically discussed the evolution of microstructures and mechanical properties of the friction stir lap joint between Inconel 600 and SS 400.