• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1979

A first systematic approach on new and simple preparation method of spherical granules in the system using organic granulating solution was carried out. Mixer granulation required narrow range of moisture content but gentle action of tumbling in the mixer and capilary forces were adequate to compact the porous mass and also were highly effective to produce granules close to sphere. Where the granules by massing and screening provided the more open structure, its pore distribution lied between 71 and 16 .mu.m by above 50% and on the contrary, that of the mixer granulated granules showed only below 25%. Increase in retention time in the mixer decreased the intragranular porosity of granules produced, and in comparison with granular particles produced by conventional wet granulation, those from the mixer granulation had the advantages of flow properties, packing characteristics and definite spherocity. They also had extremely low friability resulting in few fines.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.165-166
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• 2006

Nb-Ti alloys were hydrogenated to prepare fine and contamination-free powders. Cracks were introduced in the alloys when they were annealed at 1473 K and cooled in a hydrogen atmosphere. The fragments produced by hydrogen-induced cracking are brittle and the friability enhanced with the Ti content of the alloy, which is beneficial for further refinement of particle size. We also demonstrate that Nb-Ti powders with the average particle size less than 1 m can be produced by ball milling at a temperature lower than 203 K. Furthermore, hydrogen-free powders can then be obtained by annealing above the temperature corresponding to hydrogen desorption from Nb solid solution.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.24-33
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• 1980

Drug product design of phenylbutazone tablets by direct compressing was investigated. Weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, apparent volume and dissolution rate for experimental tablets of nine formulations which were considered to be the effect of the additive concentration were measured. It was found out that direct compressing by the formulation No. 5 was the most suitable condition (phenylbutazone 16.7%, lactose 25%, calcium phosphate dibasic 15%, $Avicel^{\circledR}$ 41.83% and magnesium stearate 1.5%). The coefficient of correlation between disintegration time and dissolution rate, r, was = -0.97 (P<0.01).

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 1997

본 시험은 L. longiflorum 'Gelia'의 캘러스 유지 및 증식, 캘러스 선발, 액체현탁배양 등의 단계로 수행하였다. 재분화를 억제시키면서 캘러스를 유지 증식시키기 위하여 MSH배지에 2.4-D 0.5 mg/L , NAA 1.0 mg/L, BA 0.3 mg/L를 첨가한 배지가 가장 효과적이었으며 재분화를 억제시키기 위해 2,4-D의 첨가는 필수적이었다. 당은 30 g/L 첨가가 캘러스 생육에 가장 적합하였고 50 g/L 이상 고농도는 캘러스 생육에 억제적이었다. 또한 0.42%의 한천을 첨가한 반고형배지에서 캘러스의 생육이 증진되었다. 4~5회 계대배양된 캘러스에서 유사배발생 캘러스(ELC)가 관찰되었다. ELC의 증식과 캘러스의 유연성을 증진시키기 위해 $\textrm{NO}_{3^-}$ 와 $\textrm{NH}_{4^+}$의 비율을 달리하여 배양한 결과, 전반적으로 NO$_3$-의 함량이 높은 배지에서 배양된 캘러스는 생육과 유연성이 양호하였다. 그러나 체세포배발생 가능성이 있는 캘러스의 증식에는 효과적이지 못했다. 액체배양은 MSH배지에 NAA 1.0 mg/L, BA 0.3 mg/L, 16.7% conditioned배지(30 mL당 1 mL), casein hydrolysate 2.0g/L를 첨가한 액체배지에 배지 30 mL당 1.5 g의 캘러스를 배양했을때 가장 캘러스 증식효율이 높았다. 광학현미경으로 조직을 관찰한 결과 1년 이상 장기배양된 캘러스에서 기관분화가 가능했고 배발생 초기단계의 세포도 관찰되어 백합 'Gelia' 캘러스로부터 체세포배 형성이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 셀메드
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.21.1-21.9
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• 2021

Background: Unani System of Medicine (USM) has its origin to Greece. To ensure and develop the quality, authenticity of Unani drugs, standardization on modern analytical parameter is essential requirement for drugs. Objectives: The aimed of the present study was to develop a standard profile of "Qurṣ-e-Mafasil" by systematic study through authenticated ingredients, pharmacognostic identification followed by physicochemical, TLC, HPTLC fingerprinting analysis as per standard protocol. Material and Methods: In this study three batches of "Qurṣ-e-Mafasil" QM were prepared by standard method as per UPI had been followed by organoleptic properties of formulation such as appearance, color, odor, taste. Powder Microscopy and physicochemical studies were carried out such as Uniformity of weight, Friability, Disintegration time, hardness, LOD, ash vales and extractive values in like aqueous, alcohol & hexane. Further qualitative tests such as Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC), and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) studies were also carried out to develop fingerprint pattern of the alcoholic solvent extract of QM. Phytochemical screening was carried out in different solvent extracts such as alcoholic, aqueous and chloroform extracts to detect the presence phytoconstituents in the formulation QM. Heavy metals, Microbial Load Contamination and pesticidal residues were also determined. Results: Qurṣ-e-Mafasil showed tablet-like appearance, light brown colour, mild pungent odour and acrid taste. Uniformity of weight (mg), friability (rpm), and hardness (kg/cm) and disintegration time was ranged between (500 to 503), (0.0340 to 0.038), (8.40 to 8.67) and (4-5 minutes) respectively for the three batches. Loss in weight on drying at 105℃ was ranged between (8.3425 to 8.7346). Extracted values were calculated in distilled water ranged between (30.9091 to 31.4358), hexane (1.1419 to 1.4281), and alcohol (3.3352 to 3.3962). The ash values recorded were ranged between (3.7336 to 3.8378), and acid insoluble ash (0.5859 to 0.6112).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.569-574
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• 2003

Controlled-release amitriptyline pellets (ATP) were formulated and its oral bioavailability was assessed in human volunteers after oral administration under fasting conditions. Core pellets were prepared using a CF granulator by two different methods (powder layering and solvent spraying) and coated with Eudragit RS or RL 100. Physical characteristics and dissolution rates of core pellets and coated pellets were evaluated to optimize the formulation. Powder layering method resulted in a better surface morphology than solvent spraying method. However, physical properties of the products were poorer when prepared by powder layering method with respect to hardness, friability and density. The dissolution profile of amitriptyline coated with Eudragit RS 100 was comparable to that of commercially available amitriptyline enteric-coated pellets ($Saroten^{\circledR}$ retard). After the oral administration of both products at the dose of 50 mg, the mean maximum concentrations ($C_{max}$) were 36.4 and 29.7 ng/mL, and the mean areas under the concentration-time curve ($AUC_{0-96}$) were 1180.2 and 1010.7 ng.h/mL for ATP and Saroten retard, respectively. The time to reach the maximum concentrations ($T_{max}$) was 6 h for both formulations. Statistical evaluation suggested that ATP was bioequivalent to Saroten retard.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.116-119
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• 2010

Purpose: Arteriovenous fistulas that involve the cavernous sinus often produce ophthalmologic symptoms and signs. Transvenous endovascular access is the method of choice for a carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. The superior ophthalmic vein is a safe and reasonable alternative route for the transvenous embolization of carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. We report a case of the embolization of a carotid-cavernous sinus fistula using the superior ophthalmic vein approach. Methods: A 58 year old female had conjunctival congestion, periocular pain and diplopia with a 2 month duration. Diagnostic orbital CT, brain MRI and cerebral angiography revealed a carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. The fistula occlusion was treated by coil embolization using the superior ophthalmic vein approach. Results: The initial presenting symptoms, conjunctival congestion, periocular pain and diplopia, decreased after surgery. Coil embolization via the superior ophthalmic vein approach was difficult because of the venous tortuosity and friability. During the follow up period, the patient was in a good condition without complications. Conclusion: Surgical exposure of the superior ophthalmic vein provides direct venous access to the cavernous sinus as well as an effective and safe treatment approach. The cooperation of the plastic surgeon and interventionist is a factor in successful treatment.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.6324-6329
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 액상 형태인 콜린알포세레이트를 알루미늄마그네슘규산화합물에 흡착시켜 고형의 제형화가 가능한 콜린알포세레이트를 함유하는 정제의 제조하고 평가하였다. 정제는 콜린알포세레이트 대비 흡착제의 비율을 달리하여 제조하고, 물리적 특성 및 용출률을 조사하였다. 정제의 타정성과 용출률을 고려할 때 흡착제는 주성분 대비 50~75%가 적절하였다. 주성분 대비 62.5%의 흡착제를 사용한 제제에서 정제의 경도, 붕해, 마손도 시험, 용출곡선하면적 비율 결과가 가장 우수하였다. 알루미늄마스네슘규산화합물은 액상 약물의 고형화 설계 시 좋은 소재가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to find factors affecting sun protective behavior and intention to buy UV-protective clothing among Korean golfers. Health belief (HB) model and diffusion theory(DT) were used for the study. Dependent variable of HB model was sun protective behaviors (SPBs) and dependent variable of DT model was intention to buy (ITB) UV-protective clothing. Independent variables for HB model were cancer perception, perceived benefits, behavioral/psychological barriers and cues to actions, while independent variables of DT model were relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, friability, and observability, besides demographic variables. Perceived benefits and cues to action variables in addition to gender and age were significant determinants of SPB for Korean golfers. Also, relative advantage and compatibility. behavioral barriers and cues to action were significant in affecting intention to buy UV-protective clothes. Both HB model and extended DT model were useful to predict sun protective behavior of Korean golfers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.740-745
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• 2002

The current study was conducted to identify the differences in the rheological properties of Chlorella sp. powder cultured in a fermentor and in a pond-like environment. Cells. cultured in the same media were harvested and spray dried. The biomass yield from the fermentor culture was 4.7% (dry basis), while that from the pond was 4.3% (dry basis). Measurements of the loose bulk density, tapping test, Hausner's ratio, and compressibility test all revealed differences between the rheological properties of the Chlorella sp. from the two cultivation systems. Although both the fermentor and pond cultured Chlorella sp. showed the same angle of repose, the mean size of the cells was 2.26 $\mu\textrm{m}$ and 2.89 $\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively. The weight of the Chlorella sp. tablets cultured in the fermentor and pond was 0.663 g/tablet and 0.593 g/tablet, respectively, while the friability of the tablets was 21% and 41%, respectively. Observation by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) showed that the cell wall of the Chlorella sp. cultured in the fermentor was thinner and more spherical than that cultured in the pond, thereby providing the main characteristic rheological properties of the powder.