• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.77-87
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• 2024

Purpose : The study aim was to determine the present state of occupational therapists in Korea in terms of the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO). We collected basic data for future research by investigating recognition by occupational therapists for applications of the MOHO and the necessity thereof. Specifically, we explored ways to effectively apply the MOHO in occupational therapy. Methods : We conducted a study from December 3, 2023, to January 18, 2024. A survey was administered to 163 occupational therapists. The general characteristics, recognition, and necessity of the MOHO were examined using a frequency analysis and descriptive statistics. Results : The most responses to "degree of ease of access to the MOHO information" were for "disagree" 56 people(34 %). Regarding "degree of satisfaction with information about [the] MOHO," 53 people (33 %) responded with "disagree" (the highest response rate). Only 22 % had applied the MOHO previously. Second, occupational therapists thought that the MOHO should be applied in occupational therapy clinical practice; they also believed that related education was needed for occupational therapy university/college students and occupational therapists. In response to the question, "What channels do you think MOHO education will be helpful for?", 118 people (32 %) answered "continuing education at the association level," and 86 people (23 %) answered "educational institutions aimed at MOHO." Conclusion : Based on these results, I recommend the following. For application of the MOHO in occupational therapy clinical practice, an occupation-based concept must first be established. In addition, related knowledge must be acquired through the expansion of education regarding the MOHO. The efficient application of the MOHO will ultimately lead to improvement in the health of clients.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.91 no.6
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• pp.551-565
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• 2024

This study presents a methodical investigation into improving structural designs through the analytical examination of the dynamic behavior of functionally graded plates (FGPs) resting on viscoelastic foundations. By employing a four variable first-order shear deformation theory, the study computes non-dimensional frequencies for a variety of porous FGPs with diverse graded patterns and porosity distributions. Different gradient patterns of the plates are considered, and three distinct functions-sigmoid (S-FGM), exponential (E-FGM), and power-law (P-FGM)-are utilized to assess material performance in specific directions. The equations of motion are derived and solved using both Navier's method and Hamilton's principle. Analytical solutions for vibration frequency are provided to validate the proposed methodology against existing literature. Furthermore, a comprehensive parametric analysis is conducted, taking into account various factors such as ceramic material, porosity distribution, gradient index, length-to-thickness ratio, gradient pattern, and damping coefficient. The findings suggest that enhancing the damping coefficient of the viscoelastic foundation can significantly improve the free-vibrational response of functionally graded material plates.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 2014

The dose-response models are important for the quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) because they would enable prediction of infection risk to humans from foodborne pathogens. In this study, we performed a comprehensive literature review and meta-analysis to better quantify this association. The meta-analysis applied a final selection of 193 published papers for total 43 species foodborne disease pathogens (bacteria 26, virus 9, and parasite 8 species) which were identified and classified based on the dose-response models related to QMRA studies from PubMed, ScienceDirect database and internet websites during 1980-2012. The main search keywords used the combination "food", "foodborne disease pathogen", "dose-response model", and "quantitative microbiological risk assessment". The appropriate dose-response models for Campylobacter jejuni, pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC / EPEC / ETEC), Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholera, Rota virus, and Cryptosporidium pavum were beta-poisson (${\alpha}=0.15$, ${\beta}=7.59$, fi = 0.72), beta-poisson (${\alpha}=0.49$, ${\beta}=1.81{\times}10^5$, fi = 0.67) / beta-poisson (${\alpha}=0.22$, ${\beta}=8.70{\times}10^3$, fi = 0.40) / beta-poisson (${\alpha}=0.18$, ${\beta}=8.60{\times}10^7$, fi = 0.60), exponential (r=$1.18{\times}10^{-10}$, fi = 0.14), beta-poisson (${\alpha}=0.11$, ${\beta}=6,097$, fi = 0.09), beta-poisson (${\alpha}=0.21$, ${\beta}=1,120$, fi = 0.15), exponential ($r=7.64{\times}10^{-8}$, fi = 1.00), betapoisson (${\alpha}=0.17$, ${\beta}=1.18{\times}10^5$, fi = 1.00), beta-poisson (${\alpha}=0.25$, ${\beta}=16.2$, fi = 0.57), exponential ($r=1.73{\times}10{-2}$, fi = 1.00), and exponential ($r=1.73{\times}10^{-2}$, fi = 0.17), respectively. Therefore, these results provide the preliminary data necessary for the development of foodborne pathogens QMRA.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.189-206
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• 1988

The effects of ouabain on the contractile and electrical activities were investigated in the isolated preparations of guinea-pig taenia coli, and compared with those of vanadate. Spontaneous contractions were recorded with force transducer, and electrical activites were measured by use of suction electrode, or single sucrose-gap technique. The contractions were induced by the electrical stimulation for 5 seconds every 1 minute with alternating current (60 Hz, 3.0 V/cm) through the platinum electrodes located in parallel with the long axis of the preparation. All experiments were performed in tris-buffered Tyrode solution which was aerated with $100%{\;}O_2$ and kept at $35^{\circ}C$. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Responses of spontaneous contractions to ouabain were concentration-dependent; $10^{-7}M$ ouabain caused a rise of basal tone. Above the concentration of $10^{-6}M$ ouabain, an initial increase followed by a decrease in tension was observed. 2) A continuous spike discharge was induced by the administration of $10^{-7}M$ ouabain. Above $10^{-6}M$ ouabain, a transient initial increase followed by a decrease in spike frequency and amplitude was produced, and finally membrane potential was sustained at a certain level without a spike discharge. 3) The characteristic response to $10^{-7}M$ ouabain was not blocked by the pretreatment with $10^{-7}M$ atropine. 4) The electrically induced contractions were completely suppressed at the concentration of $2{\times}10^{-7}M$ ouabain. These contractions were blocked more rapidly in paralled with the increase in ouabain concentration. 5) Effects of vanadate on the spontaneous activities were quite different from those of ouabain; $10^{-6}M$ vanadate increased the amplitude of contractions and $10^{-5}M$ vanadate increased slightly both amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions. $10^{-4}M$ vanadate showed irregular phasic contractions superimposed on the increased basal tone. 6) $10^{-5}M$ vanadate depolarized the membrane potential and shortened the interval between the bursts of spike discharge, whereas $10^{-4}M$ vanadate induced continuous spike discharge with membrane depolarization. 7) Vanadate caused a characteristic inhibitory response to the contractions induced by electrical stimulation; An initial rapid inhibition of tension development and then gradual recovery to a certain level. From the above results, the following conclusions could be made: 1) The rise of basal tone at $10^{-7}M$ ouabain is due to continuous spike discharge without a silent period. The continuous spike discharge is likely to be associated with a slight membrane depolarization caused by the blockage of Na pump. 2) The biphasic response induced by above $10^{-6}M$ ouabain seems to occur by the different mechanisms. The initial increase in tension is associated with depolarization along with an increase in spike frquency, whereas the subsequent relaxation occurs through a non-electrical mechanism. 3) The characteristic response to $10^{-7}M$ ouabain is resulted not from the action on intrinsic nerve terminal, but from its direct action on the membrane of smooth muscle cells. 4) The phasic contractions superimposed on the increased basal tone at the concentration of $10^{-4}M$ vanadate is resulted from the continuous spike discharge with membrane depolarization, of which mechanism remains unknown. 5) The inhibitory action of ouabain on the electrically induced contractions suggests that the increasein intracellular Na in some way inhibits the electrically induced $Ca^{2+}$ influx. The mechanism of vanadate action on the induced contractions remains unknown.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.513-522
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine the relationships between milk and milk product intake and bone health. The data from the 2008~2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used for data analysis. Subjects included 4,626 men and 6,144 women aged 19 to 64 years. Daily intake frequency of milk and milk products was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire and divided into two categories: less than one serving per day and more than one serving per day. Bone mineral density (BMD) values of total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were compared based on daily intake frequency, and relationships between milk and milk product daily intake frequency and osteoporosis risk were evaluated based on logistic regression. In men aged 30~39, BMDs of total femur and femoral neck were significantly higher in the group that consumed milk more than one serving per day (P<0.05). Intake frequency of milk and milk products was also significantly related to both BMDs of total femur and femoral neck. The odds ratio (OR) for milk intake frequency (more than one serving per day) compared to intake frequency less than one serving per day was 0.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21~0.62], and the OR for milk and milk products intake frequency (more than one serving per day) was 0.49 (95% CI 0.28~0.86) in women aged 50~64. These results indicate that increased consumption of milk and its products is associated with reduced risk of bone health disease, and adequate intakes of milk and milk products might play an important role in maintaining optimum bone health. Further research on the causal relationship and dose-response association between milk intake and bone heath using prospective cohort data is required prior to applying the observed results to programs that prevent bone health problems.

• Korean Journal of Health Psychology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.277-292
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• 2009

This study investigated the responses of the autonomic nervous system of individuals with Type D personality during an acute stressful situation. Twenty-three female students of Type D personality and 23 female students with non-Type D personality. Stroop Color-Word Task was used to induce a stressful situation, heart rate variability (HRV) was used to measure the responses of the autonomic nervous system during the baseline, acute stress, recovery periods. To analyze the data, the repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the autonomic nervous system of the Type D group to that of the non-Type D group. Regression analysis is used to determine if the Type D scale and stress vulnerability predicted the activities of the autonomic nervous system during the baseline period. The results of this study demonstrated that the Type D group's normalized low frequency (LF norm) and ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF ratio) were higher than those for the non-Type D group, while its normalized high frequency (HF norm) was lower than that for the non-Type D group in all three periods. There were no statistically significant differences among the three periods in terms of LF norm, HF norm, and LF/HF ratio in the Type D group. The study demonstrated that the total scores of the Type DS-14 and scores of social inhibition and negative affect were independent predictors of LF norm and HF norm during the baseline. The Type D group showed increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system and/or decreased activation of the parasympathetic nervous system. These results support the hypothesis that the Type D personality is vulnerable to the stress. Also, the highly activated sympathetic and/or lowly activated parasympathetic nervous systems, which were observed in the Type D group during the baseline, indicated that the Type D individual is susceptible to psychosomatic disorders.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.5B
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• pp.974-984
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• 2000

A CMOS voltage driver circuit for voltage down converter is proposed. An adaptive biasing technique is used to enhance load regulation characteristics. The proposed driver circuit uses the NMOS transistor as a driving transistor, so it does not suffer from large Miller capacitances which is one of the problems with conventional PMOS driving transistor, and hence achieves good phase margin and stable frequency response. No additional complex circuit for frequency compensation such as compensation capacitor is required in this implementation. For the same current capability, the size of NMOS transistor in driver circuit is smaller than that of PMOS counterpart. So the smaller die area can be achieved. The circuits is implemented using a 0.8 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ CMOS process and has a die area of 150 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ x 360 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Proposed circuit has a quiescent power of 60 . In the current driving range from 100 $mutextrm{A}$ to 50 ㎃, load regulation of 5.6 ㎷ is measured.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2001

Induction of somatic embryogenesis from Brazilian eggplant variety F-100 was studied in response to four auxin types. NAA, at the optimal concentration of 54 $\mu\textrm{m}$, was the only one that resulted in the induction of somatic embryos in either leaf and cotyledon explant and, at murk lower intensity and frequency, in hypocotyl and epicotyl explants. The optimal temperatures for embryo induction were 28 and 35$^{\circ}C$ for cotyledon and leaf explants. Incubation at 22$^{\circ}C$ caused a significant reduction both in the frequency and intensity of induction. This system was used to study the effects of position and orientation of the tissue on the culture medium as well as of antibiotics and explant co-cultivation with Agrobacterium on the efficiency of somatic embryo induction. The intensity of embryo induction was greater in the midsections of cotyledons relative to apical and basal regions, when the abaxial surface was in contact with the culture medium. The presence of antibiotics resulted in approximately 40-60% reduction of embryo induction relative to control explants, which originated 335$\pm$26.6 embryos. Co-cultivation with Agrobacterium before treatment with antibiotics caused a more drastic reduction (80-99%). Ampicilin treatment after cocultivalion with Agrobacterium caused the least inhibitory effect, allowing the production of 60 embryos/explant.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.251-258
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• 2009

This study aimed to find out the difference of ordinary symptom according to Sasang Constitution and Gender. We collected 1241 subjects who had been diagnosed by the Sasang Constitution specialist and confirmed with Sasang Constitution drug response in the thirteen oriental hospitals. We researched ordinary symptoms through a paper and used Chi-square test to know association between items and Sasang constitution. There are significantly different items according to Sasang Constitutions statistically, which are "amount", "speed", "indigestion" and "appetite" in meal, "amount", "feeling after sweat" in sweat, "thickness" in feces, "foam" and "frequency" in urine, "sensitivity and hand, feet of part" in heat and cold" and "amount and habit" in drinking water". In male, "indigestion", "frequency in urine", "a lots of dream" and "hard to sleep" in Soeumin, "sweat in head and face" "foam of urine" and "warm of abdomen" in Taeeumin were different among Sasang Constitutions. In female, "sweat in chest" in Soeumin, "short time of feces" in Soyangin were different among Sasang Constitutions. From the above results, ordinary symptoms were different according to Sasang Constitutions. and in some part, there are also gender differences of Sasang Constitution.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

"Purpose of this study was to investigate influence on preference of cohousing (eg. intention to spread and intention to move in cohousing) according to sense of community by married people residing in Seoul and its outskirts. Research method used for this study was a social survey. Respondents were 214 people by accidential sampling. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 program using frequency, mean, average, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's Multiple Range test and Multiple Regression. Findings of this study were as follows. 1) Though respondents took part in interaction meetings rarely, they took part more often in meetings for health issue, leisure and hobby. Members of meetings were mostly job colleagues. 2) The respondents were interested in meetings for exchange of used stuffs, and children and the youth program most. It was revealed that the group taking part in meetings more often have higher sense of community than others. 3) Respondents who were older, who have been living longer in the same town had higher sense of community as well as closer interaction with neighbors than others. 4) As respondents showed positive response about preference of cohousing, there was a difference between intention to spread and intention to move in cohousing. While women, more educated, less income, and higher sense of community groups showed higher intention to spread cohousing, home owner and higher sense of community groups showed higher intention to move in cohousing.