• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.5115-5118
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• 2015

Background: The $p16^{INK4a}$ is a protein that expressed in Liquid-based cervical cytology specimens and has been proved link to cervical cancer. The $p16^{INK4a}$ could be detection by piezoelectric immunosensor and the immobilization of the $p16^{INK4a}$ antibody influence the sensitivity of the piezoelectric immunosensor. Materials and Methods: $5{\mu}L$ mouse polyclonal antibody against $p16^{INK4a}$ was bound onto the surface of immonosensor through two methods. (directly immobilized method; protein A method). Absorb of the $p16^{INK4a}$ antibody on the surface of immonosensor caused a shift in the resonant frequency of the immunosensor and The frequency changes recorded showed a better reproducibility. The activity of the immobilization antibody with the directly method and protein A method was tested with $p16^{INK4a}$ antigen. Results: The resonant frequency for different antibody immobilization methods were different, and the sensitivity for $p16^{INK4a}$ detection also different. Conclusions: The protein A method was found to be much more better than the directly method for the immobilization of the p16INK4A antibody on the gold electrode of the quartz crystal for cervical lesion detection. The Protein A method created more reproducible and stable immobilization antibody layers with p16INK4A antigen.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.339-353
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• 2014

A straightforward method for optimal determining of a high frequency inductor's parasitic capacitance is presented. The proposed estimation method is based on measuring the inductor's impedance samples over a limited frequency range bordering on the resonance point considering k-dB deviation from the maximum impedance. An optimized solution to k could be obtained by minimizing the root mean squared error between the measured and the estimated impedance values. The model used to provide the estimations is a parallel RLC circuit valid at resonance frequency which will be transferred to the real model considering the mentioned interval of frequencies. A straightforward algorithm is suggested and programmed using MATLAB which does not require a wide knowledge of design parameters and could be implemented using a spectrum analyzer. The inputs are the measured impedance samples as a function of frequency along with the diameter of the conductors. The suggested algorithm practically provides the estimated parameters of a real inductance model at different frequencies, with or without design information. The suggested work is different from designing a high frequency inductor; it is rather concentration of determining the parameters of an available real inductor that could be easily done by a recipe provided to a technician.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.1071-1079
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• 2007

In this paper, a novel space vector control method for isolated multi-level inverter using 3-phase low frequency transformers is proposed. This method is based on the simplification of the space-vector diagram of a five-level inverter using calculated table into fully programming method. The execution time of the proposed method is about same as that of the method using calculated table. Also, the proposed method is easily applied to other case level inverter. We applied this method into the 3-phase IHCML inverter using common arm. It makes possible to use a single DC power source due to employing low frequency transformers. In this inverter, the number of transformers could be reduced compare with an exiting 3-phase multi-level inverter using single phase transformer. In addition, this method generates very low harmonic distortion operation with nearly fundamental switching frequency. Finally, We tested multi-level inverter to clarify electric circuit and reasonableness through Matlab simulation and experiment by using prototype inverter.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1918-1927
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• 2016

This paper proposes active frequency drift (AFD) as an anti-islanding method applied to micro-inverters with uncontrollable reactive power. When using ordinary inverter topologies, such as full bridge inverters in photovoltaic systems, the islanding phenomenon can be detected with reactive power-based methods, such as reactive power variation. However, when the inverter topology cannot control the reactive power, conventional anti-islanding methods with reactive power cannot be utilized. In this work, the topology used in this paper cannot control the reactive power. Thus, an anti-islanding method that can be used in topologies that cannot control the reactive power is proposed. The conventional anti-islanding method of the topology that cannot control reactive power is introduced and analyzed. Unlike the conventional AFD method, the proposed method extends a zero current interval every predetermined cycle. The proposed method offers certain advantages over conventional AFD methods, such as total harmonic distortion. The proposed method is validated through simulation and experiment.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.664-677
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• 2011

In order to control interference and improve spectrum efficiency in the femtocell and macrocell overlaid system (FMOS), we propose a joint frequency bandwidth dynamic division, clustering and power control algorithm (JFCPA) for orthogonal-frequency-division-multiple access-based downlink FMOS. The overall system bandwidth is divided into three bands, and the macro-cellular coverage is divided into two areas according to the intensity of the interference from the macro base station to the femtocells, which are dynamically determined by using the JFCPA. A cluster is taken as the unit for frequency reuse among femtocells. We map the problem of clustering to the MAX k-CUT problem with the aim of eliminating the inter-femtocell collision interference, which is solved by a graph-based heuristic algorithm. Frequency bandwidth sharing or splitting between the femtocell tier and the macrocell tier is determined by a step-migration-algorithm-based power control. Simulations conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm showed the frequency-reuse probability of the FMOS reuse band above 97.6% and at least 70% of the frequency bandwidth available for the macrocell tier, which means that the co-tier and the cross-tier interference were effectively controlled. Thus, high spectrum efficiency was achieved. The simulation results also clarified that the planning of frequency resource allocation in FMOS should take into account both the spatial density of femtocells and the interference suffered by them. Statistical results from our simulations also provide guidelines for actual FMOS planning.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.63-64
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• 2017

This paper proposes a speed estimator for sensorless control of diesel-generator (genset) systems, where the speed of the genset is calculated from the back-EMF frequency of the generator. The back-EMF frequency is extracted from a phase output current by using multiple second-order generalized integrators (SOGIs) connected in parallel and series and separated frequency-locked loops. The proposed method (PS-SOGI-FLL) is able to estimate the fundamental frequency in the distorted output current with high accuracy and strong robustness. Simulation results are shown to verify the validity of the proposed method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.3075-3083
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• 1994

The applications of the electrical transmission line theory to the pressure propagation characteristics in the volume loaded fluid transmission line with step and impulse input wave is demonstrated in this paper. The method is based on the premise that the time response is the inverse Fourier transform of frequency spectrum of the wave which spectrum is a product of frequency spectrum of input pressure wave and system transfer function. The frequency response and transient response of step and impulse input wave in the volume loaded fluid transmission line is analysed by the Laplace transform and inverse Laplace transform with FFT numerical algorithm. The numerical solution of the distributed friction model is compared with the average friction model and the infinite product model. And the result is showed that FFT method may have major advantages for the simulation of fluid circuitary.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.47-54
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• 2003

Research during the past several years has established the effectiveness of acoustic emission (AE)-based sensing methodologies for machine condition analysis and process. AE has been proposed and evaluated for a variety of sensing tasks as well as for use as a technique for quantitative studies of manufacturing process. STD11 has been known as difficult-to-cut materials. The micro-grooving machine was developed for this study and the experiments were performed using CBN blade for machining STD11. Evaluating the machining conditions, frequency spectrum analysis of acoustic emission (AE) signals according to each conditions were applied. Fuzzy clustering method for associating the preprocessor outputs with the appropriate decisions was followed by frequency spectrum analysis. FFT is used to decompose AE signal into different frequency bands in time domain, the root mean square (RMS) values extracted from the decomposed signal of each frequency band were used as features.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.733-742
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• 2020

Vibration analysis in nanocomposite plate with smart layer is studied in this article. The plate is reinforced by carbon nanotubes where the Mori-Tanaka law is utilized for obtaining the effective characteristic of structure assuming agglomeration effects. The nanocomposite plate is located in elastic medium which is simulated by spring element. The motion equations are derived based on first order shear deformation theory and Hamilton's principle. Utilizing Navier method, the frequency of the structure is calculated and the effects of applied voltage, volume percent and agglomeration of Carbon nanotubes, elastic medium and geometrical parameters of structure are shown on the frequency of system. Results indicate that with applying negative voltage, the frequency of structure is increased. In addition, the agglomeration of carbon nanotubes reduces the frequency of the nanocomposite plate.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.443-449
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• 2001

This paper is simulation research to improve speech recognition rates under the noisy environment. We examines recognition ratio based on frequency-weighted HMM together with spectral subtraction. As results, frequency-weighted HMM with scaling coefficients is trained as a minimum error classification criterion, and is presents a higher recognition rates in noisy condition than a conventional method. Furthermore, spectral subtraction method gives 11 to 28% improvements for this frequency-weighted HMM in low SNR, and gives recognition rates of 81.7% at 6dB SNR of noisy speech.