• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.131-143
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• 2001

The primary aim of this dissertation is to contribute to the improvement of methods in physical examination by providing quality information for the current school system and advice for improving status. Present status, controversial points and possible remedies in physical examination were analyzed on a frequency and percentage basis. An $x^2$-test was used to verify the statistics between the results from the examination and each variable. In case of multiple categories of variables, an $x^2$ cs was adopted. Chronological data as well as both total and sampling physical examination data verified the statistics using an $x^2$-test. This thesis is based both on the data from middle school health care specialists in Gyunggi Province and on the analysis of physical examinations reported from local schools to the municipal education agency from 1997 to 1999. The results of the study are as follows: First, according to the survey, only 29.0% of the total schools had their school doctors examine all the students while most of the educational institutions failed to implement the whole process of physical examination on the list. It also turned out that the more students the schools have, the lower the rate of implementation of physical examination by school doctors(p=0.014). Second, the average time a school doctor spends for checkup turned out to be approximately 1.7 minutes per student This means that the quality of the physical examination is not guaranteed in the process. Third, 47.7% of those surveryed say that a dental examination was performed, each taking 21.24 seconds on average. In addition, it shows that some 31.5% wanted to have a task force team for dental checkups at the local health center. Given the fact that dental caries among students is progressively on the rise, the dental health centers that are now set up in some elementary schools should be expanded to cover the whole educational institution in order to raise awareness of the importance of dental care. Fourth, 48.5% of those surveyed say that a comprehensive physical examination should be adopted to promote the health of high schoolers. Since it takes a lot of public funds to implement a comprehensive method, it is essential to make sure that in-depth studies should be based on the frequency and methods of physical examination. Fifth, regarding such diseases among 3rd year middle school students in 1999, statistics shows that there was a slight difference in the prevalence rate of color blindness, and allergic diseases for male students ; and color blindness, hearing disturbance and allergic disease for female students. For those items, however, it is too little to say that there is a significant difference and accordingly it is assumed to be a problem of the measuring process. Sixth, the result of analysis on the sample physical examination and the total physical examination of the year 1999 shows as follows: For male students in the 3rd year of middle school, a slight difference appeared to those students in 11 items including eye problems and eye disease, otitis media, tonsillar hypertrophy, spinal shape, respiratory urinary allergic disease and other abnormal diseases(p<0.05). Particularly, the prevalence rate between students with and without disease was shown to be two times more in the following: eye problems, otitis media, tonsill hypertrophy, allergic diseases, etc. For female students in the 3rd year, prevalence rate showed little difference in 14 items(p<0.05). For items including eye problem, otitis media, tonsill hypertrophy, allergic disease, etc. it was shown that the rate was two times more between students with and without diseases. Physical examinations under the current school system are not producing any fundamental results for the health of the students. Methods and results are not trustworthy. Accordingly, a drastic overhaul of the current practices is needed in frequency, methods and items on the list in order to promote the health of the students. Cost-benefit studies as well as political considerations to ensure the development of efficient methods for physical examination are urgently needed at this moment.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.239-272
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• 2014

The rights and obligations of the Member States of ITU in the domain of international frequency management of the spectrum/orbit resource are incorporated in the Constitution and Convention of the ITU and in the Radio Regulations that complement them. These instruments contain the main principles and lay down the specific regulations governing the major elements such as rights and obligations of member administrations in obtaining access to the spectrum/orbit resource, as well as international recognition of these rights by recording frequency assignments and, as appropriate, any associated orbits, including the geostationary-satellite orbits used or intended to be used in the Master International Frequency Register (MIFR) Coordination is a further step in the process leading up to notification of the frequency assignments for recording in the MIFR. This procedure is a formal regulatory obligation both for an administration seeking to assign a frequency in its network and for an administration whose existing or planned services may be affected by that assignment. Regulatory problem lies in allowing administrations to fulfill their "bringing into use" duty for preserving his filing simply putting any satellites, whatever nationlity or technical specification may be, into filed orbit. This sort of regulatory lack may result in the emergence of the secondary market for satellite orbit. Within satellite orbit secondary market, the object of transaction may be the satellite itself, or the regulatory rights in rem, or the orbit registered in the MIFR. Recent case of selling the Koreasat belongs to the typical example of orbit transaction between private companies, the legality of which remains doubtedly controversial from the perspective of international space law as well as international transaction law. It must be noted, however, that the fact is the Koreasat 3 and its filed orbit is for sale.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.658-673
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• 2018

Social conflicts with extremely low frequency magnetic field(ELF-MF) exposures are expected to exacerbate due to continued increase in electric power demand and construction of high voltage transmission lines(HVTL). However, in current environmental impact assessment(EIA) act, specific guidelines have not been included concretely about EIA of ELF-MF. Therefore, this study conducted a standardization study on EIA method through case analysis, field measurement, and expert consultation of the EIA for the ELF-MF near HVTL which is the main cause of exposures. The status of the EIA of the ELF-MF and the problem to be improved are derived and the EIA method which can solve it is suggested. The main contents of the study is that the physical characteristics of the ELF-MF affected by distance and powerload should be considered at all stages of EIA(survey of the current situation - Prediction of the impacts - preparation of mitigation plan ? post EIA planning). Based on this study, we also suggested the 'Measurement method for extremely low frequency magnetic field on transmission line' and 'Table for extremely low frequency magnetic field measurement record on transmission line'. The results of this study can be applied to the EIA that minimizes the damage and conflict to the construction of transmission line and derives rational measures at the present time when the human hazard to long term exposure of the ELF-MF is unclear.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.40-50
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• 2010

The building process of any geological map involves linking sparse lithological outcrop information with equally sparse geometrical measurements, all in a single entity which is the preferred interpretation of the field geologist. The actual veracity of this interpretative map is partially dependent upon the frequency and distribution of geological outcrops compounded by the complexity of the local geology. Geophysics is commonly used as a tool to augment the distribution of data points, however it normally does not have sufficient geometrical constraints due to: a) all geophysical inversion models being inherently non-unique; and b) the lack of knowledge of the physical property contrasts associated with specific lithologies. This contribution proposes the combined use of geophysical edge detection routines and 'three point' solutions from topographic data as a possible approach to obtaining geological contact geometry information (strike and dip), which can be used in the construction of a preliminary geological model. This derived geological information should first be assessed for its compatibility with the scale of the problem, and any directly observed geological data. Once verified it can be used to help constrain the preferred geological map interpretation being developed by the field geologist. The method models the contacts as planar surfaces. Therefore, it must be ensured that this assumption fits the scale and geometry of the problem. Two examples are shown from folded sequences at the Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick, Canada.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.439-455
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• 1998

This is the descriptive investigation study intended to provide basic informations to develop concrete method of nurse arbitration which can improve the quality of nursing care on family by investigating and analyzing the perception and practice on family nursing of clinical nurse. 332 nurses working in 4 university hospitals in Seoul have been the object and the collection of data have been conducted by visiting cooperated by the department of nursing in university hospital from April 4th through April 17th 1998. The measuring instrument of the perception and the practice on family nursing which was written by the researcher was used based on the family nursing arbitration by recently amending Calgary Family Arbitration of the Model of Wright & Leahey. Cronbach's a value of this instrument was .9288 in the perception and .9168 in the practice the collected data have been analyzed by frequency percentage, averaged value. t-test, F-test(ANOVA), Duncan's Multiple Range, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and the results are as the follows: 1. The perception on patient's family nursing of clinical nurse showed comparatively high by 3.22 in average(maximum 3.52, minimum 2.82) on the basis of 4 point but the practice showed low by average 2.47(maximum 3.02, minimum 2.11), By providing the patients and their family with "The information about the health problem of the which is the role of giving explanation and information about the disease. the nurse presents the method of their helping patient and in case that the family lack of knowledge about the health problem and crisis of the patient which is the role of education about the method of solving the crisis and change. the nurse educates about the necessity and method of taking care of the crisis and the changes. The third question that the relation of recognizing the difficuly of family and cooperating with them in supporting the patient for mutual function is to be formed showed high in the degree of perception and practice of the necessity. 2. General characteristics of perception about patient's family nursing of the object showed no significant difference except the concerns about the family usually(F=5.472. p<.001) and general characteristics which showed significant difference in the degree of practice were educational background (F=3.177, p<.05), clinical experience (F=2.462, p<.05) and position(F=7.029. p<.001), and attention about patient's family(F=10.603, p<.001), 3. The relation between perception and practice about the nursing on patient's family showed pure correlation but the degree was very low(r=.188, p<.05). The above results showed that the clinical nurses has been high understanding about the necessity of patient's family nursing but the degree of practice has been very low due to the lack of education about the family nursing, having no ways of nurse arbitration for practical duty and lack of political administrative support. Therefore concrete and systematic family situation and arbitration method to be applied clinically are required to be developed and also the education about patient's family nursing and the development of the course for clinical practice are required and political and administrative support for clinical practice about patient's family nursing is required as well.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.355-370
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• 2013

This study was aimed at the married immigrant women and was attempted to provide the basic data of the nursing practice useful in identifying the relationship aspects and the influence of resilience factor and promoting the family adaptation. This study was conducted for the married immigrant women who were located in urban-rural complex area around Daejeon city and in Chungnam region, and the multi-cultural families supporting program of community welfare halls among those who had resided over 1 year in Korea. The data was collected from Feb, 2012 to July, 2012 and in the end, 216 questionnaires were made the subjects of data analysis. For the collected data, frequency analysis, percentage, ANOVA, t-test and correlation analysis were conducted using SPSS, LISREL. The overall index of hypothesis model showed a good congruence like ${\chi}^2$ = .06 (p= .812), df=1, ${\chi}^2$(df)=.06, GFI=1.0, AGFI= 1.0, SRMR=.002, NFI= 1.0, NNFI=1.0, RMSEA=0.000, CN=266. Looking at the results of hypothesis testing suggested by the model, the variables which affected the family adaptation were family stress and parenting stress, while social support, family hardness, problem solving communication, and problem solving coping didn't affect the family adaptation. It is considered that based on the results of this study, nursing intervention which helps the family adaptation of the married immigrant women who are in a crisis situation must be done with a program which can help them have a positive view on the stress situation and reduce the stress happening in the family relationship and parenting.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.279-306
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• 2010

This study is to compare and analyze the policy decision process between Korea Long-term Care Insurance and Japan's using policy network theory as an analysis tool, and to lead political and theoretical implications. The result of the study is summarized as follows. First, a policy agenda about Long-term Care problem for the Elderly set up by the government-leading both Korea and Japan. and the number of policy participation(actors) increased to characteristics of policy process stage. but there is a difference between Korea and Japan in a background of setting up policy agenda about Long-term Care problem. Second, interaction among policy actors is corporative from early policy agenda establishment stage in Korea and Japan. but it changes to dissenting or critical rapidly as being announced the frame of system to the people. Also, it shows that main policy actors play a role in policy making decision and the connection structures of network is similar to both countries although it has a difference in the interaction frequency. Fourth, although the number of policy actors and the extent of their opinion reflection to the policy effect are different, it shows that policy network pattern is very similar to from policy agenda setting stage to parliament(The National Assemble) policy decision stage as a result of government-leading policy process. The theoretical and political implications of this study are as follows. The number and the variety of policy participation, the importance of establishing opened-interaction system, lots of limitation of policy making-decision process of Japan Long-term Care system, and exclusively the government-leading network has demerits about the reflection of too much government's opinion to the policy outcomes.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.26-40
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• 1995

A survey has been performed for the dental technicians and office workers in small cities of Julla buk-do on theis problem of cough, phlegm, wheezing, nasal cattarrh & cold, and breathlessness by using SUN-81-AL survey form which is a guletionaire on respiratory symptons The results of the analysis are as follaus. 1. The complaint on cough was made by 15 dental technicians(21.4% and by 10 office workerr(16.7%). Dental technicians showed higher complaint on cough than office workers. The predietor variable for cough was the working hours for dental technicians and the period of smoking for the office sorkess. 2. The complaints on phelgm was made by 34 dental technicians(48.6%) and by 9 office workers(15.0%). The predictor variable on phelgm was the working hour for dental techniume and the period of smoking for the office workers. There was no statistically significant difference between two group on their complaint level. 3. The complaint on the breathlessnesr was made by 24 dental technicians(34.3%) and by 22 office workers(36.7%). The predictor variable on breathlessness was the period of smoking for dental technicians and the working hour for office workers. 4. The wmplaing on nasal catarrh & cold wax made by 29 dental technicians(41.4%) and 22 office workers(36.7%). The predictr variable on nasal catarrh & cold was the working hour for dental workerr, and the perird of smoking for the office workers. 5. The complaint on wheezing was made by 9 dental technicians(12.9%) and 8 office workers(13.3%). The primary predictor variable on wheezing was the working hour for both groups, and the secondary predictor variable was the period of smoking. 6. The complaint on the chest and lung dislase was made by 12 dental technicians(17.1%) and 4 office workers(6.7%) dental technicians showed bigher complaint. on chest and lung disease than the office workers. Bronchitis was the higher frequency illuess reported from both of the groups among chest and lung disease. 7. In conclusion, the predictor variable on respiratory illness was the working hour for dental techniciane, and the period of smoking for the office workers 8. 25 dental technicians(35.7%) and 9 office workers(15.0%) selected air pllution as the most urgent problem that working environment, has had. There was statistically significant difference between two groups(P<0.001)

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.10 s.113
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• pp.943-952
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• 2006

The OFDM system is very good for the high data rate communication system. However, OFDM system has a high PAPR problem. This makes the OFDM signal distorted through the nonlinear HPA(High Power Amplifier). To solve this problem, generally, simple PAPR reduction methods have been considered. However, in this paper, we introduce IMD reduction method instead of PAPR. PAPR is the signal property and the IMD is signal component of the HPA output, which degrades the communication quality. So, instead of PAPR we want to use the IMD reduction method. This is to transmit a signal with the smallest distortion by considering the third order nonlinearity when the data is recovered. We use the TR method that was proposed for the PAPR reduction and we find out the BER performance of two methods. As results, we show that the IMD reduction method improves better BER performance than the PAPR reduction.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.465-489
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to suggest implications for the development and revision of future teaching materials for mathematically gifted students by using network text analysis of secondary mathematics materials. Subjects of the analysis were learning goals of 110 teaching materials in a gifted education center in science attached to a university from 2002 to 2014. In analysing the frequency of the texts that appeared in the learning goals, key words were selected. A co-occurrence matrix of the key words was established, and a basic information of network, centrality, centralization, component, and k-core were deducted. For the analysis, KrKwic, KrTitle, and NetMiner4.0 programs were used, respectively. The results of this study were as follows. First, there was a pivot of the network formed with core hubs including 'diversity', 'understanding' 'concept' 'method', 'application', 'connection' 'problem solving', 'basic', 'real life', and 'thinking ability' in the whole network from 2002 to 2014. In addition, knowledge aspects were well reflected in teaching materials based on the centralization analysis. Second, network text analysis based on the three periods of the Mater Plan for the promotion of gifted education was conducted. As a result, a network was built up with 'understanding', and there were strong ties among 'question', 'answer', and 'problem solving' regardless of the periods. On the contrary, the centrality analysis showed that 'communication', 'discovery', and 'proof' only appeared in the first, second, and third period of Master Plan, respectively. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that affective aspects and activities with high cognitive process should be accompanied, and learning goals' mannerism and ahistoricism be prevented in developing and revising teaching materials.