• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.10 no.11
• /
• pp.5253-5270
• /
• 2016

With device-to-device (D2D) communications, an inactive user terminal can be utilized as a relay node to support multi-hop communication so that connective experience of the cell-edge user as well as the capacity of the whole system can be significantly improved. In this paper, we investigate the spectrum sharing for a cooperative relay assisted D2D communication underlying a cellular network. We formulate a joint relay selection and channel assignment problem to maximize the throughput of the system while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) requirements of cellular users (CUs) and D2D users (DUs). By exploiting coalition formation game theory, we propose two algorithms to solve the problem. The first algorithm is designed based on merge and split rules while the second one is developed based on single user's movement. Both of them are proved to be stable and convergent. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to analyze highschool girls' concerns about environmental problems after investigating the actual state of environmental education and to suggest some fundamental changes in the Home Economics classes to improve environmental education. The sample was selected form high school girl students in Kyounggi Province between September 16 and September 26, 1996. Eight hundred twenty (820) first and second grade respondents were used. The data were analyzed by frequency, mean, percentile, factor analysis. Duncan's Multiple Range Test, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. Based on the major findings, the most influential variable was parental attitudes towards environmental conservation and problem. Next in influence was the environmental education provided in Home Economics classes. Also important were the individual student's interest in Home Economics classes, and her belief in the utility of environmental conservation in everyday life. The research conclusions are as follows: 1. We'll find how to relate efficiently the environmental education with everyday life by analyzing thoroughly the text of home economics. 2. We'll develop how to educate students parents properly because parental attitudes to wards the environmental problem have a great effect on students' behaviors. 3. We'll ceinforce environmental education by developing problems, and to motivate them to take real action in the area of environmental conservation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.647-669
• /
• 2016

Multiple attribute for decision making including user preference will increase the complexity of route selection process. Various approaches have been proposed to solve the optimal route selection problem. In this paper, multi attribute decision making (MADM) algorithms such as Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), Weighted Product Method (WPM), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and Total Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods have been proposed for acoustic signature based optimal route selection to facilitate user with better quality of service. The traffic density state conditions (very low, low, below medium, medium, above medium, high and very high) on the road segment is the occurrence and mixture weightings of traffic noise signals (Tyre, Engine, Air Turbulence, Exhaust, and Honks etc) is considered as one of the attribute in decision making process. The short-term spectral envelope features of the cumulative acoustic signals are extracted using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier (ANFC) is used to model seven traffic density states. Simple point method and AHP has been used for calculation of weights of decision parameters. Numerical results show that WPM, AHP and TOPSIS provide similar performance.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.105-119
• /
• 1987

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of demographic, personal and psychosocial variables on the wives' marital satisfaction in order to develop theories about the stablility of modern families. The data, collected from 490 mothers living in Seoul, is analyzed by statistical methods, such as Frequency Distribution, Pearson's Correlation, One-Way ANOVA, Scheffee-test and Multiple Regression Analysis. The major findings are as follows: 1) In my study, the Marital Satisfaction Scale consists of 7 dimensions; of which affective communication, problem-solving communication, and companionship are comparatively important variables. 2) Of demographic variables, wives' educational level is an influencing variable in 6 dimensions, and family monthly income, in general satisfaction. 3) Of personal variables, sex role attitude is a significantly influencing independent variable in satisfaction with children area and self actualization, variable in problem-solving communication area. 4) Of psychosocial variables, role enactment, role consensus, and role strain are proved to be influencing variables, but role salience is not. Also, role enactment is the most influencing independent variable in almost areas of marital satisfaction. 5) By given independent variables, variance is explained 30% of all. The implication that can be inferred from the above findings is that psychosocial variables are more important than demographic variables, and that personal variables such as androgyny, self-actualization should be encouraged to further research.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.14 no.12
• /
• pp.1283-1291
• /
• 2003

Nonuniform transmission lines(NTLs) with the desired frequency response can be realized by synthesizing the potential from the coupled mode Zakharov-Shabat(ZS) equation in the one-dimensional inverse scattering problem. In this study, an efficient synthesis method using the ZS equations is presented for NTLs with arbitrarily specified reflection coefficients which take the restricted potential. This method lessens the line length which plague conventional design schemes using specific windows for reflection coefficients. Furthermore solving the ZS inverse transform problem is simplified by adopting the successive approach instead of the conventional iterative method. The proposed method is compared with the conventional method using specific windows by applying to design of dispersive NTL filters, and verified by two-port analysis through the chain matrix.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2001

With ever-change and increasingly competitive business environments, firms strive to employ a variety of marketing strategies and execution in order to survive in the market. Such effects would be paid off in the right way only when management of the firms perform marketing activities focusing on long term effectiveness, which would drive company profits up and keep them for long. Demands of customers are being changed and varied. And in this circumstance, it become a main issue of management that the company should produce and sell products according to the customer demands. With these trends, each company has been concentrating effects on generalization of product development technique and distinction of service lot customer In this result with the advantage of mass marketing and database marketing have been drawing attentions from company. Also the internet connected around the world completely diminished the limit of time and distance and company have enveloped keen competition out of each nation and continent in the world market. To fulfill these demands of customer, they need a concept of eCRM(Web based Customer Relationship Management), and go from selling products and services, or gathering customer requests, up to the phase of solving customer's problem by real time or Previous action. With the help of Internet, the frequency and speed of the problem solving has improved greatly.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.308-316
• /
• 2018

The Korean government introduced the $6^{th}$ industrialization in the agricultural sector to increase farmers' income and value-added agricultural products. The U.S. government has also supported farmers' efforts to increase their income and value-added products in a similar way even though the $6^{th}$ industrialization is not the usual concept in the U.S. Especially, direct-to-consumer and intermediated marketing is one of the main methods to increase farmers' income and value-added agricultural products in the U.S. The purpose of this paper was to analyze direct-to-consumer and intermediated marketing in the U.S., through a survey and frequency analysis. The results of this study are as follows: First, U.S. farmers have shifted their concern and efforts from direct-to-consumer marketing to intermediated marketing because intermediated marketing may offer higher value-added agricultural products. However, consumers' perception and interest are higher for direct-to-consumer marketing than for intermediated marketing of agricultural products and related services. Consumers also will increase the portion of consumption of agricultural products and related services through direct-to-consumer marketing. This difference between farmers and consumers may cause difficulties in increasing farmers' income and value-added agricultural products in the U.S. Korean farmers may have same problem in the future, even though they have not encountered it yet. Especially, the Korean government needs to develop the capabilities of farmers so that they can solve this problem.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study are to examine the influential variables between general character, family system, coping strategies, social support and stress of main caregivers for disordered elderly family. This study was conducted by interviewing of 177 family-members care to giving disordered elderly families in Taegu and Kyeongbuk province. The data were analyzed with the SPSS statistical package using frequency and percentage, multiple regression and path analysis. The results of this study were as follow : The variables influencing stress related to the disordered elderly family are the degree of disorder (${\beta}=.348^{***}$), caring-time-per day (${\beta}=.303^{***}$), employment status of main caregivers (${\beta}=.223^{***}$), social support (${\beta}=.241^{**}$), relational coping strategies (${\beta}=.199^{**}$), problem-avoidance coping strategies (${\beta}=.327^{***}$). Thus, in disordered elderly families, a high-stress situation arises with a highly-educated caregiver when problem-avoidence coping strategies or relational coping strategies are used or when daily caring time is great. A low-stress situation results when the caregiver is employed and the social support level is high.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.125-129
• /
• 2003

The identification of location and strength distribution of extended noise sources is important in the practical noise control engineering, especially in the viewpoint of dealing with the inherent nature of noise problem in question. For noise source ranking inside an automotive vehicle, the window method has been mainly used due to its simplicity. However, time and cost drawbacks in the measurement and inaccuracy due to low-frequency tunneling and lack of phase information have been a serious problem in using this method. In this study, the inverse FRF method was employed to carry out the noise source ranking inside an automotive vehicle and it was also used to predict the interior sound pressure with the change of sound insulation materials. As a result, it was found that the source contribution of vehicle panels could be successfully identified in comparison with the window method. The sound pressure at driver's ear position was predicted based on the obtained data and was compared with the measured data. The agreement in spectral trends was acceptable and their difference in level was within 3㏈ above 500㎐.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.14 no.1_2
• /
• pp.40-53
• /
• 1992

This sutdy aimed at examining the effect of lingual frenectomy on phonation & tongue movement. Almost the patient visiting to department of oral & maxillofacial surgery for the treatment of tongue tie always complain the speech problem. Many operation was performed according to this problem. But the objective evaluation of the speech change have been deficient. The experimental group was 25 adult males. Fourteen Korean consonants & after Korean vowels was combined and seventy sound was made for speech analysis. Before & after lingual frenectomy, the speech of the above mentioned group was recorded and then analysed by the Speech Workstation computer software. And before & after operation, the lingual frenum & tongue protrusion amount vas measured. The results were as follows : 1. The pre-operative length of lingual frenum was inverse proportion with the pre-operative length of the protrusive tongue. 2. The average difference between pre & post-operative length of the protrusive tongue was about 23 mm. 3. In the comparison of consonant continuing time change, fricative consonant(r, s, h) was increased post-operatively. 4. In the comparison of the vowel frequency formant change, the "i"and "u" sound vas reliably changed. 5. There was no reliable speech changes on the other sounds.