• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2010

In general, three types of fingerprints could be found at the crime scene: visible, plastic, and latent fingerprints. Examples of visible fingerprint include those made by blood, paint or ink. Plastic fingerprint are made from an impression of the finger on soft material as soap, wax, etc. Latent fingerprint are those of the invisible one to the human eye. Oil-contaminated fingerprints remained in the evidence, that are contaminated with the soybean oil, engine oil, lubricating oil or grease. Oil-contaminated fingerprints are special types of fingerprint evidence but the research for developing method regarding oil-contaminated fingerprints is a few. In this study, ultraviolet light source was employed for untreated oil-contaminated prints and the freeze-dry method with liquid nitrogen for freeze oil residue on the surfaces with sequence of developing oil-contaminated fingerprints with black and magnetic powders, cyanoacrylate (CA) fuming, Basic Yellow 40. The types of oil chosen for the experiment were soybean oil, LSA oil, engine oil and material surfaces selected for the experiment were glass, plastic aluminum plates. The aims of this study were to determine the appropriate developing methods for oil-contaminated fingerprints.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1315-1324
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• 2018

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different diet formulations: F1 (Two complicated basal diets containing different crude protein levels plus tested feedstuff) vs F2 (A simple corn soybean meal [SBM] basal diet plus tested feedstuff) combined with total collection (TC) or chromic oxide ($Cr_2O_3$) marker or acid-insoluble ash (AIA) marker method, and freeze-dry or oven-dry (OD) technique on estimation of nutrient digestibility in diets fed to growing pigs. Methods: In F1, twelve barrows were allocated to two $6{\times}4$ Youden Squares. The treatment diets included a high protein basal (HPB) diet, a low protein basal (LPB) diet, a corn diet and a wheat bran (WB) diet formulated based on the HPB diet, and a SBM diet and a rapeseed meal (RSM) diet formulated based on the LPB diet. In F2, eight barrows were allocated to two $4{\times}4$ Latin Squares. The treatment diets included a corn basal diet, a SBM basal diet formulated based on the corn diet, and a WB diet and a RSM diet formulated based on the SBM diet. Results: Concentration of digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME), and the apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy, ash, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre determined by $Cr_2O_3$ marker method were greater than those determined by TC and AIA marker methods in HPB, LPB, and RSM diets formulated by F1 and in corn diet formulated by F2 (p<0.05). The DE values in WB and both DE and ME values in SBM and RSM estimated using F1 were greater than those estimated using F2 (p<0.05). Conclusion: From the accuracy aspect, the AIA marker or TC method combined with OD technique is recommended for determining the energy concentration and nutrient digestibility of components in diets fed to growing pigs.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.416-423
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• 1993

Milk powders were made by several drying methods and raw materials, and rheological properties of milk powders were investigated by an Instron Universial Testing Machine. The results obtained are summarised as follows. Bulk density of the drum dried whole milk powder was $0.382\;g/cm^3$ and was higher than that of other milk powders. The Hausner ratio, angle of repose and compressibility of the spray dried skim milk powder were 1.127, $32.5^{\circ}$ and 0.029 respectively. This result indicated that skim milk powder showed free flowing characterristics. The compressibility of the drum dried whole milk powder was decreased by the decrease of moisture content. Compressibility of the milk granule was 0.056 and was lower than that of milk powder. The spray dried milk powder of a grobular shape had higher solidity than the freeze or drum dried milk powder. The drum dried milk powder particles consist of irregular shape.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1289-1292
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to characterize and determine contents of vitamin E isomers (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-tocopherols and tocotrienols) in different steamed rice dishes, with or without other grains. Five different rice dishes were evaluated for the vitamin E nutritional value as major Korean staple foods. They were plain steamed rice (SR) and steamed rice mixed with barley (SRBa), red bean (SRRB), black bean (SRBB), or multi-grains (SRMG) containing a mixture of black rice, barley, red beans, and black beans. Vitamin E isomers were extracted from five grams of freeze-dried samples with hexane after saponification. An analytical method, using a normal-phase HPLC with a UV detector, was developed and used to determine the amount of each vitamin E component. The results showed that SR contained three vitamin E isomers (alpha-tocopherol, alpha-tocotrienol, and gamma-tocotrienol). Alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocotrienol were de-tected from all samples while only SRBB contained beta-tocopherol and beta-tocotrienol. SRMG showed the highest (3.9$\mu$g/g dry wt) and SRRB showed the lowest alpha-tocopherol (1.3$\mu$g/g dry wt) contents. SRBB contained about 5 to 16 times more gamma-tocopherol (19.7$\mu$g/g dry wt) than othe.5. These results suggested that adding black bean or multi-grains can dramatically improve the vitamin E nutritional values compared to the plain steamed rice (SR). Information obtained from this study can be directly related to the amount of vitamin E intake and can be used to balance the diet for Koreans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1627-1631
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• 2008

This study was to analyze the physiology activity of barley leaf extract using different drying methods. Yield of RL (raw leaf) and barley leaves dried did not show significant difference by various drying methods. There was no significant difference in total phenolic content by dry method. However, total flavonoid content was high in HD (dried after heat treatments) barley leaf after RL. There was no significance in barley leaf dried by SD (dried in the shade), FD (vacuum freeze dried) and MW (dried by microwave) after the microwave. Superoxide dismutase-like activity was high over 90%: $95.6{\pm}0.3%$ in RL, $94.9{\pm}0.7%$ in HD barley leaf, $92.0{\pm}1.3%$ in SD barley leaf, $91.5{\pm}0.4%$ in FD barley leaf, and $92.5{\pm}0.2%$ in MW barley leaf using the microwave. Significantly higher antioxidant activity was shown as compared to the control group of sesamol ($88.426{\pm}0.802%$), tocopherol ($88.8{\pm}0.6%$), and BHT ($86.6{\pm}0.8%$). Also, except for RL and MW barley leaf, all showed over 80% peroxyl radical scavenging activity and over 90% inhibition rate of xanthine oxidase. The results of this study show that total phenolic content and total flavonoid content by dry method were dependent on the drying temperature with no impact on antioxidant activity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.206-211
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• 2004

It is very important to minimize the acid value of oil in the oil and fat industry, because acid value of oil products are a indicator quality. This study was performed to investigate change of moisture content, acid value and free fatty acid content by drying condition such as drying method, temperature and drying time on steamed duck egg york. Also, change of fatty acid composition by acid value. The acid values, moisture contents and free fatty acid contents were showed comparatively lower value by spray drying and freeze drying than by steam drying. but difference that keep in mind between each drying method was not looked. Whereas moisture content, acid value and free fatty acid content of effect of drying temperature reaches in lowest value. also, did not show change until dry 12hours reaching to lowest value by 3.1, 3.0％ and 0.98％ after dry 9hours both moisture content, acid value and free fatty acid content. Also, acid value increase, free fatty acid was increased, where unsaturated fatty acid showed that decrease rapidly.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2015

Mulberry fruit is common to keep a frozen storage because of the very high water content. Because freezing-storing cost is generated before the processing or sales, farmers of mulberry fruit production are weighted in financial burden. In addition, mulberry fruit has difficulty in expanding consumption by made in the simple processed products like the mulberry jam, mulberry juice, mulberry enzyme, alcohol, etc. Recent, frozen fruits including frozen blueberries, frozen strawberries, frozen mango, frozen rich, frozen mulberry fruit has been started to sell in the large discount stores and convenience stores. However, there is restricted sales in only special place that have the frozen distribution facilities. So, for the income improvement and consumption promotion of mulberry farmers facing these difficult situations, we developed the processing method of semi-dried mulberry fruit using the vacuum freezing dryer. The frozen mulberry fruit which was stored below $-40^{\circ}C$ is to dry in a vacuum freeze dryer, at $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$, 23 ~ 24 hours. Semi-dried mulberry fruit seperated respectively. It had soft texture, and maintained shape, size and flavor. In particular, semi-dried mulberry fruit can be stored at room temperature.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.185-196
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• 2007

Objective : This experimental Study was designed to investigate the effects of FOENICULI FRUCTUS(FF) on the change of inhibition lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity in neuronal cells and cytokines production in serum of cerebral ischemic rats. Method : FOENICULI FRUCTUS(FF)freeze dry powder and FF on the LDH activity in neuronal cells. Changes of FF on the physiological parameters(PaO2, PaCO2, MABP and HR) in crerbral ischemic rats. Effects of FF on the IL-1beta production, $TNF-{\alpha}$ production, $TGF-{\beta}$ production, and IL-10 in serum of cerebral ischemic rats. MCAO :. cytokines production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after MCAO 1 hr. Reperfusion : cytokines production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after reperfusion 1 hr. Results and Conclusion : 1. FF did not inhibit lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity in neuronal cells. 2. In serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after middle cerebral arterial occlusion(MCAO) 1 hr and reperfusion 1 hr, sample group was significantly decreased $IL-l{\beta}$ production compared with control group 3. In serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after MCAO 1 hr and reperfusion 1 hr, sample group was significantly decreased $TNF-{\alpha}$ production compared with control group. 4. In serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after MCAO 1 hr and reperfusion 1 hr, sample group was significantly increased $TGF-{\beta}$ production compared with control group. 5. In serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after reperfusion 1 hr, sample group was significantly increased IL-10 production compared with control group. This results were suggested that FF had inhibitive effect on the brain damage by inhibited LDH activity, $IL-l{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$production, but accelerated $TGF-{\beta}$ production and IL-10 production.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.12 no.1 s.15
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• pp.71-82
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• 2003

The paper relics excavated from the 4th excavation of the historical spot No.259 Seonwon temple area were analyzed and conserved. Because these works remained folded, the most important conservation treatment was a separation. This process depended on the state of the works: dry state works were separated using Gore-Tex chamber and the filtrated water, wet state works were separated through vacuum freeze drying method. Analyses of the paper relics performed were examination on the paper to find its distinction, binocular microscope and SEM on fiber, and XRF on character ingredient. This study presumed the times though $C^{14}$ dating of these works. The works were able to be classified through analysis and conservation treatment. This separation made lost part of the works conserve an archetype. This study presented the application of conservation methods on the paper relics which are in the bad condition and obtained information through carbon dating of it.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.443-447
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• 1993

The physical properties of reconstituted instant rice produced by three different dehydration methods were evaluated. The rehydration ratios of reconstituted instant rice produced by air dehydration at 9$0^{\circ}C$ (process A) had higher values than those produced by freeze dehydration (process C) during entire range of rehydration. After 4min of rehydration time at 95$^{\circ}C$ , the moisture contents of reconstituted instant rice produced by process A and C were higher values than those of control(151.47%, dry basis) which was cooked by electric cooker. Regardless of dehydration method, the sizes of reconstituted instant rice (6min, 95$^{\circ}C$) had larger values than those of control. The values of hardness (H), stickiness (S) and S/H ratio of reconstituted instant rice (6min, 95$^{\circ}C$) produced by high temperature (7min, 15$0^{\circ}C$) air dehydration (process B) as the first stage prior to air dehydration at 9$0^{\circ}C$ were almost the same as those of control. The H of reconstituted instant rice decreased, while S and S/H ratio increased with increasing rehydration time. The higher values of whiteness(L) and lower values of yellowness (b) represented in reconstituted instant rice (6min, 95$^{\circ}C$) than those of control.