• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.249-264
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• 1995

Although liposome has many advantages as a pharmaceutical dosage form, its application in the industrial field has been limited because of some problems such as preparation method, reproducibility, scale-up, stability and sterilization etc. Liposomes prepared by microemulsification method had defined size, narrow size distribution, reproducibility and high entrapment efficiency. For enhancing the stability, the dry form of liposome was recommended. These types of liposome are proliposome and freeze-dried liposome. The liposome must have some properties for preparing of freeze-dried liposome; small size $(50{\sim}200\;nm)$, narrow size distribution and cryoprotectant. In this experiment, the liposomes containing 5-Fluorouracil(5-FU) and its prodrug(pentyl-5-FU-1-acetate; PFA, hexyl-5-FU-1-acetate; HFA) were made with soybean phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, stearylamine(SA) and dicetyl phosphate(DCP) employing hydration method or microemulsification method using $Microfluidizer^{TM}$. Both or liposome types were MLV and MEL. After preparation, freeze drying and rehydration were performed. In the process of freezing, trehalose(Tr) was added as a cryoprotectant. Their evaluation methods were as follows; entrapment efficiency, mean particle size and size distribution, dissolution test, retain of entrapment efficiency and turbidity after freeze-drying. The results are summarized as belows. The entrapment efficiency of 5-FU was dependent on total lipid concentration and cholesterol content but that of PFA and HFA was decreased when cholesterol was added. When DCP and SA were added, entrapment efficiency was decreased. As the partition coefficient of drug was increased, entrapment efficiency was increased. Under the same condition, entrapment efficiency of MEL is similar to that of MLV. The mean particle size and size distribution of MEL were smaller than those of MLV. Dissolution rates of drug from both liposome types were comparatively similar. Dissolution rates of drugs with serum and liver homogenate were faster than without these material. After preparation of liposome, free drug was removed efficiency by Dowex 50W-X4. When liposome was freeze-dried and then rehydrated in the presence of Tr, characteristics of liposome were maintained well in MEL than MLV. Tr Was used successfully as a cryoprotectant in the process of freeze drying and the optimal ratio of Tr:Lipid was 4:1(g/g).

• 미생물학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.302-306
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• 1999

정장용 효모로 알려져 있는 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen CBS5926의 생균제 제조를 목적으로 생균수 증대를 위한 배양조건과 배양 후 얻은 균체의 효과적인 동결건조 보존법에 관하여 조사하였다. 포도당을 탄소원으로 하는 회분식과 유가식 배양에 비해 에탄올을 탄소원으로 하는 유가식 배양이 장점이 많은 것으로 나타났으며, 배양 72시간 후 2.2${\times}$10^9 cfu/ml의 생균수와 38g/l의 건조 균체량을 얻을 수 있었다. 에탄올을 탄소원으로 하는 유가식 배양으로부터 얻은 균체의 동결보존을 위한 보호제의 효능을 비교한 결과, 20% 백당(w/v)과 30% 유당(w/v)에서의 생존율이 16.3%로서 비교된 다른 종류의 동결보호제보다 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 백당, 유당 및 탈지분유의 혼합에 의한 동해방지 보호 효과를 비교한 결과 생존율이 12.4~16.5%로서 보호제의 혼합에 따른 생존율의 상승효과는 나타나지 않았다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.286-294
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• 1989

가열처리 및 건조방법이 새우의 품질에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 하였다. 생새우의 콜레스테롤 함량은 건물 100g당 81.4mg이었으며, 동결 건조한 것은 열풍건조한 것보다 그의 함량이 $5{\sim}28%$가 적었다. 새우의 신선도와 관계가 있는 volatile basic nitrogen과 trimethylamine의 함량은 열풍건조한 것이 동결건조한 것보다 이들의 함량이 높았고 세균수는 동결건조한 것이 열풍건조한 것보다 낮았다. 생새우를 가열하거나 건조하면 L값이 크게 상승하여 새우의 색깔이 밝아졌는데 동결건조한 것은 열풍건조한 것보다 그 폭이 더 컸고 색차는 L값과 반대현상을 나타냈다. 생새우의 무기질 중에는 칼슘 함량이 가장 많았고 그 다음은 칼륨, 나트륨이었으며, 이들 무기질 성분은 전체 무기질 성분의 96%를 차지하였으며 가열 및 건조방법에 따라 차이가 없었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 1998

천일건조, 열풍건조, 동결건조한 건오미자의 품질과 저장온도별 성분변화 및 생오미자의 저장수명을 검토한 결과 다음과 같다. 건오미자의 pH와 산도는 건조방법에 따라 큰 차이가 없었으나 환원당은 열풍건조(11.02%)와 동결건조(10.12%)에 비해 천일건조(3.77%)에서 월등히 낮았고 조단백질함량은 동결건조ㆍ열풍건조ㆍ천일건조 순으로 나타났으며 흡광도(520nm)와 a값은 천일건조와 열풍건조에 비해 동결건조시(3.889) 2.4-2.7배와 3배가 각각 높았다. 건오미자 저장중 수분함량은 저장기간이 길어질 수록 증가하였으며 산도는 $25^{\circ}C$$^{\circ}C$ 저장에서 감소되었으나 저온 및 냉동저장에서는 변화가 적었다. 환원당은 저장온도에 관계없이 계속 증가하다 8개월 이후부터 감소하였고 흡광도와 색택(L, a, b값)은 $25^{\circ}C$$^{\circ}C$저장시 감소되었으나 저온 및 냉동저장에서는 증가하는 경향이었다. 생오미자의 4$^{\circ}C$ 저장시 9일부터 부패가 일어나 저장가능기간은 9일로 판단되며 냉동저장시 산도와 환원당은 저장기간이 길어질수록 감소하였고 흡광도는 저장 8개월 후에 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈으며 그 후 감소하였는데 -6$0^{\circ}C$ 저장구에는 초기 흡광도보다 높게 나타났다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.991-996
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• 2001

The long-term durability characteristics of high-early-strength concrete were assessed. The effect of long-term durability characteristics of high-early-strength concrete were investigated. In experiment, two different types of fiber were adopted for improvement of durability. High-early-strength fiber reinforced concretes using regulated-set cements are compared with high-early-strength concrete without fiber. The durability performance of the laboratory-cured high-early-strength concrete specimens was determined by conducting an accelerated chloride permeability, abrasion resistance, freeze-thaw, surface deicer salt scaling and wet-dry repetition test. The results indicated that incorporation of fibers enhance durability performance.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 1997

Bombyx mori, silkworm powder has been studied for blood-glucose lowering activity by National Sericulture & Entomology Research Institute(NSERI) and Kyung Hee University group in 1995. To obtain the optimum preparative condition of silkworm powder for lowering blood-glucose levels in postprandial time, blood-glucose lowering activity of mulberry & silkworm varieties were examined. In mulberry varieties, Samkwangjam showed the highest activity. Activity for lowering blood-glucose levels of autumn rearing silkworm was higher than that of spring silkworm and hybrid silkworm showed higher activity than that of parent silkworm. In the silkworm lines, Chinese lines showed higher activity than that of Japanese lines. In experiments to see the difference in blood-glucose lowering activity between either male and female or larvae and pupae, activity of larvae was higher than that of pupae and the male was higher than female. The heating dry and artificial diet showed lower than mulberry diet and normal freeze dry of the 5th instar 3rd day. Among the sericultural products, larvae showed the highest activity.

• 한국잠사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국잠사학회 1997년도 Progress and Future Development of Sericultural Science and Technology 40th Anniversary Commemoration Symposium
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• pp.133-158
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• 1997

Since 1992, Sericulture & Entomology Research Institute(NSERI) and Kyung Hee University group screened an activity of lowering blood-glucose levels with silkworm related materials such as silkworm larvae powder, dried feces, pupae and silkworm moth in other to guide laymans to rational and educated utilization of silkworm-related materials for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In experiments examining several silkworms in different stages and prepared in different conditions, a freeze dried silkworm powder of 5th instar 3rd day showed a higher glucose lowering activity about 20% than heat dried matured silkworm powder. Among the three dosage of 500mg, 830mg and 1,160mg in ate preliminary clinical trial, the 830mg exhibited a significant effect on postprandial blood glucose level and did and did not cause any hypoglycemic side effect. In the blood glucose lowering activity of mulberry and silkworm varieties, the Yongcheonppong and Samkwangjam showed the highest activity for lowering blood glucose levels. In experiments to see the difference in blood-glucose lowering activity between either male and female or larvae and pupae, activity of larvae was higher than that of pupae and the male was higher than female. The heating dry and artificial diet showed lower than mulberry diet and normal freeze dry of the 5th instar 3rd day. Among the sericultural products, larvae showed the highest activity. We find out the fact that effect of silkworm powder attributed to the inhibition of ${\alpha}$-glucohydrolase catalyzed reaction in the small intestine.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2014

Cosmetic activities of the leaves of Curcuma longa L. were compared according to different drying methods, to expand the use of the by-products of Curcuma longa L. The highest extraction yield of 29.4% was obtained from vacuum drying process (VD), whose value was very close to 29.2% from freeze drying process (FD). Relatively lower extraction yield were observed as 24.5% and 25.3% from the raw leaf (RL) as control and hot air drying process (HD). The cytotoxicity was observed lower FD and VD than RL and HD. It shows that cytotoxicity was closely related to cosmetic activities such as tyrosinase and melanin inhibition activities by showing much better cosmetic activities of the extracts from both FD and VD than those from the RL and HD. It was interesting that was differences of the cosmetic activities and cytotoxicity between FD and VD, which implies that VD method should be a more efficient process than FD method in terms of drying time and operation costs: 6 hours vs 24 hours and 3-5 times higher extraction costs in drying. It was observed that VD is more excellent dry method than others. This result could be utilized to effectively dry other soft plant biomass.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.180-185
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• 2006

매화의 품종과 건조방법에 따른 향기성분을 분석하여 매화차 제조에 맞는 재료와 처리방법을 찾고, 매화의 첨가량 및 침출 온도, 녹차 첨가 비율 등을 관능검사를 통하여 살펴본 결과, 매화의 휘발성 향기성분의 분석결과 총 17종이 검출되었으며 그 중 생화의 경우 총 15종이 검출되었다. 동결건조 시료에서는 건조과정중 1가지 성분이 소실되었고 1가지 성분이 다르게 검출되었으며, 음건의 경우4가지 성분이 소실되었고 1가지 성분이 다르게 검출되었다. 3가지 품종 모두 benzaldehyde의 함량이 가장 높았고 성분 구성비율도 비슷하게 나타났다. 매화차의 추출온도에 따라 색도측정 결과 a값은 감소한 반면, b값은 증가하였고, 추출시간이 길어질수록 L값과 a값은 감소하고 b값은 증가하였다. 매화 첨가량을 달리하여 제조한 매화차 관능평가 결과 향, 색에서는 매화의 첨가량이 높을수록 기호도가 증가하였으나 0.3g이상에서는 많은 차이가 없었다. 또한 맛에 있어서는 0.3 g에서의 기호도가 3.8로 높았다. 매화의 온도, 시간별 추출물의 관능평가 결과와 녹차의 흔합비율에 따른 결과 향, 색에서는 추출물의 온도가 높을수록 기호도가 높았지만 $80^{\circ}C$가 적당한 침출온도였다. 매화와 녹차의 혼합비율에 따른 관능평가 결과는 매화의 비율은 매화와 녹차 비는 1:9로 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.637-643
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• 1999

The effects of yam(Dioscorea) on lowering cholesterol level and its mechanism were investigated. The concentrations of plasma and liver lipids, and the excretions of fecal neutral sterol and bile acid were measured in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Five Groups of 8 rats were fed hypercholesterolemic diet(1% cholesterol, 10% lard ; control), hypercholesterolemic diet plus 15% or 30% dried yam powder prepared by either hot-air(15HY, 30HY) or freeze dry(15FY, 30FY) for 4wk. Plasma total lipid, total cholesterol and cholesterol level was also significantly lower(28%, p<0.05), buy HMG-CoA reductase activity was higher in 30FY(230%, p<0.05) than in control. Although no significant differences in fecal neutral sterols were observed among groups, the yam-fed rats apparently had less bacterial degradation of cholesterol as indicated by a significantly greater of fecal cholesterol to coprostanol than in controls. Total fecal bile acids were significantly greater in rats fed yam(15HY : 5 folds, 15FY ; 12,30HY ; 12, 20FY ; 22) than in controls. The ratio of secondary to primary bile acids was almost 8 times lower in 30FY than in control. These data indicate that yam lowers cholesterol both in plasma and in liver through increasing fecal bile acid excretion as well as HMG-CoA reductase activity. Freeze-dried yam, which possesses viscosity, was more effective in cholesterol-lowering action than hot-air dried one.