• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.247-254
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• 2003

A study was carried to compare two varieties of tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea Schr.): Fawn (endophyte infection) and Roa(endophyte-free). The study examined plant height, botanical composition, and dry matter yield of mixed pasture. The cattle grazed on a mixed pasture of tall fescue species and orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata L.), perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.) and white clover(Trifolium repens L.) during March 22, 1997, to September 21, 1997. The number of grazing animals was 4.3/ paddock(50m x50m) and was adjusted according to the condition of pasture. Dry matter yields determined on ungrazed pasture(7-time harvests) were 1,690 $\pm$407kg and 1,128 $\pm$ 238kg/ha on pastures consisting of Fawn and Roa, respectively. This difference was significant(P<0.01). There were 17.71 $\pm$ 1.27cm and 12.83$\pm$0.90cm in average plant lengths of Fawn and Roa(P<0.01), respectively The botanical composition of tall fescue and orchardgrass in the mixture treatment included in the Fawn variety were shown in 34.2 and 3.8％, comparing Roa with 17.1 and 9.6％, on the 21th of September, 1997, respectively. Tall fescue Roa represented a higher botanical composition than orchardgrass(a main species on Cheju). Crude protein content of Fawn was slightly less than that of Roa. From these results, we may conclude that Roa variety is nutritionally better, but is less adaptible to high temperature climate than Fawn. However, Roa variety is still better than orchardgrass in high temperature conditions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1169-1174
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• 2016

Purpose: To review clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with parotid gland tumors treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 69 patients with parotid gland tumors, with a median follow-up of 52 months (range, 2-228 months). and a median radiotherapy dose of 60Gy (range, 30-69 Gy). Results: There were 24 (35%) females and 45 (65%) males, at a ratio of 1/1.9. Median age at presentation was $58.9{\pm}17.2$ (range 13-88) years. The most common histology was adenoid cystic carcinoma (33%) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (28%). The mean overall survival (OS) was $65.3{\pm}8$ (95% confidence interval [CI], 49.6-81.1) months and the median overall survival was $40.0{\pm}7$ (95% CI, 26.2-53.7) months. The -1, -3, -5 and -10 year OS rates were 78%, 52.4%, 35.3% and 19.6% respectively. The mean disease free survival (DFS) was $79.2{\pm}10$ (95% CI, 59.3-97.1) months and the median disease free survival was $38{\pm}13$ (95% CI, 7.05-88.7) months. The -1,-3,-5 and -10 year DFS rates were 71.9%, 50.1%, 43.7% and 30.1% respectively. On univariate analysis, the OS was significantly better with female sex (p<0.005), < 50 age (p<0.021), T stage (p<0.0001), absence of lymph node involvement (p<0.0001), lower tumor grade (p<0.0001), absence of lymphovascular invasion (p<0.002), absence of perineural invasion (p<0.0001), absence of extracapsuler extension (p<0.0001), surgical margin negativity (p<0.006), ${\leq}60Gy$ radiotherapy dose (p<0.0001) and absence of distant metastasis (p<0.027). Conclusions: Employing existing standards of postoperative radiotherapy is a possible treatment that was found to be mainly effective in patients with parotid gland carcinomas.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.329-343
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• 2019

Purpose: Gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis (LNM) more than 15 (N3b) was defined as stage IV until the 6th AJCC system. However, it has been reclassified as a localized disease (stage IIb or III) since the 7th system. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that the survival of N3b is comparable to cytology-only positive (CY1-only) stage IV and to propose a new TNM system interpreting N3b as an eligibility criterion for receiving more intensive chemotherapy regimens. Materials and Methods: 1,430 patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery at Seoul National University Hospital from 2007 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The 5-year survival rate (5YSR) and 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) were evaluated according to the 7th and 8th systems, as well as a new categorization based on N-classification; N0-2 (LNM<7), N3a (LNM 7-15), or N3b (LNM>15). Results: The survival of N3b is comparable to that of CY1-only stage IV (log rank test, P=0.671) and is distinct from that of grossly stage IV (log rank test, P<0.001). The survival of the remaining stage IIIc (T4bN3a) was comparable to those of N3b and CY1-only stage IV. Most N3b patients had significantly shorter 3-year RFS and mean RFS than those with IIb-IIIc, as if N3b itself was a higher TNM stage. Conclusions: In terms of survival, T4bN3a, N3b, and CY1-only stage IV were unified as stage IVa, while grossly stage IV was defined as stage IVb. N3b can be regarded as an eligibility criterion for undergoing more intensive chemotherapy regimens.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.511-528
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• 2008

Let (R, m) be a 2-dimensional regular local ring with algebraically closed residue field R/m. Let K be the quotient field of R and $\upsilon$ be a prime divisor of R, i.e., a valuation of K which is birationally dominating R and residually transcendental over R. Zariski showed that there are finitely many simple $\upsilon$-ideals $m\;=\;P_0\;{\supset}\;P_1\;{\supset}\;{\cdots}\;{\supset}\;P_t\;=\;P$ and all the other $\upsilon$-ideals are uniquely factored into a product of those simple ones [17]. Lipman further showed that the predecessor of the smallest simple $\upsilon$-ideal P is either simple or the product of two simple $\upsilon$-ideals. The simple integrally closed ideal P is said to be free for the former and satellite for the later. In this paper we describe the sequence of simple $\upsilon$-ideals when P is satellite of order 3 in terms of the invariant $b_{\upsilon}\;=\;|\upsilon(x)\;-\;\upsilon(y)|$, where $\upsilon$ is the prime divisor associated to P and m = (x, y). Denote $b_{\upsilon}$ by b and let b = 3k + 1 for k = 0, 1, 2. Let $n_i$ be the number of nonmaximal simple $\upsilon$-ideals of order i for i = 1, 2, 3. We show that the numbers $n_{\upsilon}$ = ($n_1$, $n_2$, $n_3$) = (${\lceil}\frac{b+1}{3}{\rceil}$, 1, 1) and that the rank of P is ${\lceil}\frac{b+7}{3}{\rceil}$ = k + 3. We then describe all the $\upsilon$-ideals from m to P as products of those simple $\upsilon$-ideals. In particular, we find the conductor ideal and the $\upsilon$-predecessor of the given ideal P in cases of b = 1, 2 and for b = 3k + 1, 3k + 2, 3k for $k\;{\geq}\;1$. We also find the value semigroup $\upsilon(R)$ of a satellite simple valuation ideal P of order 3 in terms of $b_{\upsilon}$.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.207-212
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• 2012

A single phase $Mg_3Sb_2$ alloy was synthesized by melting the mixture of Mg and Sb metal powders at 1173 K. The figure of merit of the $Mg_3Sb_2$ prepared by melting method increased with temperature and showed a value of $2.39{\times}10^{-2}$ at 593 K. When the $Mg_3Sb_2$ powders were milled at high speed in a planetary ball mill for 12~48 h, Zintle phase ($Mg_3Sb_2$) was maintained as a main phase, but its crystallinity became deteriorated and elemental Sb phase appeared. Sb phase free $Mg_3Sb_2$ could be obtained by the mechanical alloying of high speed ball milling for 24 h using elemental Mg and Sb powder mixtures.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 1975

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of the ETR test as compared to other thyroid function tests in normal persons, patients with thyroid disorders and patients with alterations of thyroxine-binding proteins. The ETR values were obtained from 35 cases as normal control, 63 hyperthyroid patients, 56 euthyroid patients, 23 hypothyroid patients, 10 pregnant women, 5 women taking oral contraceptive medication, 8 liver cirrhosis patients and 4 nephrotic syndrome patients. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The mean value of ETR obtained from the normal controls was $0.99{\pm}0.06$. 2. The mean ETR values of various thyroid states were $1.25{\pm}0.16$ in hyperthyroidism, $0.99{\pm}0.08$ in euthyroidism and $0.82{\pm}0.05$ in hypothyroidism and significant difference was found between these groups. 3. Seven out of 63 hyperthyroid patients(11.1%) and 2 out of 23 hypothyroid patients(8.7%) had ETR values within normal range and among the 56 euthyroid patients 6(10.7%) had ETR values outside normal range, so the diagnostic compatibility of ETR was 89.4% in thyroid diseases. 4. Even though the ETR value was well correlated with $^{131}I$-thyroid uptake rate, serum $T_3$ resin uptake rate and serum $T_4$, a high positive correlation was found (r=0.79) between ETR and $T_7$. 5. The mean ETR values from patients with alteration in TBG binding capacity were $0.99{\pm}0.05$ in pregnant women, $0.98{\pm}0.04$ in women with oral contraceptive medication, $1.04{\pm}0.09$ in liver cirrhosis patients and $0.94{\pm}0.02$ in nephrotic syndrome patients and most of them (85.2%) had ETR values within normal range. Our results, therefore, suggests that the ETR estimation does offer the simplest and most reliable single procedure for the screening and diagnosis of various thyroid diseases as a indirect indicator of serum-free thyroxine concentration without essential influence of changes in the thyroxine-binding proteins in serum.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1013-1023
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• 2003

This study was performed to improve water quality of stream by applying hydraulic structures (weir and river bed material) made of porous concrete. The physical and chemical characteristics of porous concrete were measured to estimate application possibility of it in hydraulic structures and it was considered as a proper material for the hydraulic structures. In the results of comparison for the component of matters attached on the hydraulic structures made of porous and ordinary concrete, DW (dry weight) amount attached on porous concrete was 1.6 times higher than that on ordinary concrete under the condition of the same flow rate but influence by flow rate (difference of 10 times) was not shown. Therefore, we could understand that the material of media was more important in DW amount than flow rate. The rate of AFDM (ash free dry mass) to DW also was more at porous concrete than at ordinary concrete. Especially, the high rates of nitrogen and phosphorous in matters attached on porous concrete verify that they were removed by assimilation, adsorption and metabolism of periphyton. The removal percentage of SS, BOD, COD, T-N and T-P by hydraulic structures applying porous concrete compared with ordinary concrete was increased by 34.6%, 36.9%, 33.9%, 18.3% and 21.6%, respectively. Therefore, applying porous concrete to hydraulic structure is expected to contribute to improvement of stream water quality.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2007

The previous study reported the biological effect of magnetic field exerted by acting on endocrine and anti-oxidant system. The present study aims to study whether ELF-MF (extremely low frequency magnetic field) affects the physiological endocrine systems such as thyroid and whether ELF-MF affects the defense system against oxidative stress when it alters the function of thyroid. Finally, we correlate the effects of MF on oxidative stress, and adrenal and thyroid with an environmental stress factor. We exposed sham or MF to rats for 5 or 25 days. After the exposure, we determined pain sensitivity, level of TSH, $T_3$ and free $T_4$ in plasma. We also assayed in whole brain, lipid peroxidation, the activity of enzymatic anti-oxidant defense including superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and non enzymatic defense such as reduced or oxidized glutathione contents. MF induced the hypersensitivity to thermal stimuli with the reduction of latency. $T_3$ and $T_4$ levels were also increased by the exposure of MF. In addition, we observed the rise of MDA level in rat brain by MF although the MF did not change superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. The effect of MF on both reduced and oxidized glutathione results in decrease in reduced or oxidized glutathione in whole brain. In every experiment, there was no significant difference in MF influence between short term (5 days) and long term (25 days) exposure. Taken together, MF exposure affects the thyroid hormonal control in brain. The elevated thyroid hormone acts on brain, leading to hyper-utilization of oxygen. This phenomenon may be correlated with oxidative stress resulting from MF exposure. In conclusion, we suggest that MF exposure may be an environmental stress by exerting oxidative stress.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.193-198
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• 2008

To increase port productivity and efficiency and also to avoid disadvantages of public port management, a port authority system h1s been introduced worldwide. The Korea Port Authority Act was enacted in 2003 and Incheon Port Authority was established in July 2005. The objective of this paper is to develop a strategy of Incheon Port Authority using SWOT/AHP method Research findings show that possibilities of business expansion and growth as well as geographical advantages of Incheon Port are identified as its strength The opportunities of Incheon Port Authority are continuous increase of cargo handling volumes in the Yellow sea rim and expansion of Free Trade Zone. A government two-port policy and growing its dependence on China and rapid growth of more competitors in domestic and overseas are considered to be threat. Its weaknesses include superannuated Incheon port facilities and port hinterland shortages. Based on SWOT analysis combined with AHP method this paper suggests S/O strategy, W/O strategy, S/T strategy, and W/T strategy as a strategic development plan of Incheon Port Authority.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.667-674
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of germinated and fermented unmarketable soybean (GFS) on laying performance and egg quality in laying hens. A total of two hundred laying hens were divided into 5 groups (5 treatment $\times$ 4 replication $\times$ 10 birds each) and fed with the experimental diets for 8 wk as follows: control, GFS free; T1, GFS 0.15%; T2, GFS 0.3%; T3, GFS 1%; T4, GFS 2%. The laying performance, egg quality, blood profiles, cecal microbial population, isoflavone content in egg yolk were investigated. There were no significant differences laying performance, relative liver and spleen weights, egg yolk color, eggshell color among groups. Eggshell strength in groups fed with diets containing GFS increased, but not significantly. Eggshell thickness significantly increased in the GFS-supplemented group. No significant differences were observed in the blood profiles and intestinal microflora after supplementation. The decrease of Haugh unit during storage was alleviated by feeding of GFS (p<0.05). The concentrations of malondialdehyde in groups fed with GFS were decreased as compared with control (p<0.05). Isoflavones in the egg yolk were detected in group fed with diet containing 2% GFS. These results showed that unmarketable GFS could be used as a favorable feed additive and feedstuff for production of quality enhanced and isoflavone fortified eggs.