• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 1982

Mucor plumbeus FRI 0007 was grown on media containing starch solely as carbon source, urea as nitrogen source and minerals including magnesium, calcium and iron of different concentration. The ratio of nonpolar and polar lipid of the total lipid produced by the Muror plumbeus FRI 0007 changed by minerals added in the medium and incubation period. The nonpolar lipid content was higher on the medium containing only one mineral rather than 5 minerals and the nonpolar lipid consisted mainly of trig1yceride, free fatty acid and free sterol. The triglyceride content was higher on the medium containing one mineral and decreased with the incubation time lapse. The major fatty acid composition of total, nonpolar and polar lipid were oleic, palmitic and linoleic acid which comprised about 90% of total fatty acids and their compositions changed slightly depending on the minerals added in the medium.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.271-275
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• 1985

This investigation was conducted to observe changes of lipid components (phospholipids, free sterols, free fatty acids, triglycerides and estrified sterols) and fatty composition in diethyl ether extract and 86% MeOH extract from cotyledon and seedling axis of mung bean which were germinated in the dark at 25-$27^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The total lipid contents in cotyledonn and seedling axis gradually decreased during germination. The triglyceride content in total lipid from cotyledon decreased and free fatty acid content increased, but triglyceride content from seedling axis decreased slightly and free fatty acid content decreased. Free sterol, esterified sterol and phospholipid content in cotyledon increased continuously, but their content in seedling axis dcreased slightly. The major fatty acids in mung bean were palmitic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 1999

Previous studies have shown that methanol extract and its butanol fraction of Carthamus tinctorius L. Semen have the hepatoprotective effect on the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. The hepatoprotective effect of the subfractions of butanol fraction has been evaluated by analyzing oxygen free radical scavenging enzyme activities and histopathological examinations. In BS-5 subfraction treated group, the activity of superoxide dismutase has been significantly increased as compared with that of CCl4, treated rats. Antioxidant activity has been evaluated by the examination of the scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical. BS-5 subfraction has shown strong antioxidant activities. The histopathological examination showed that the treatment of BS-5 subfraction has relieved the ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes which had been generated by CCl4. It appears that the protective effect of BS-5 subfraction would be mediated of the attenuation of lipid peroxidation by acting as a free radical scavenger, which were based on the increase of superoxide dismutase activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.515-520
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• 1989

The composition of lipid class and fatty acid of free lipids(FL) as non-starch lipid and bound lipids(BL) as starch-lipid extracted from starch In naked barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) was investigated with the chromatographic procedures. FL were extracted from barley starch by petroleum ether(PE) and then BL were reextracted from PE extracted starch by the solvent systems of water-saturated butanol (WSB) at $25^{\circ}C$ and at $95^{\circ}C$ respectively. The contents of neutral lipid(NL), glycolipids(GL) and phospholipids(PL) in FL were 69.9%, 27.3%, and 2.8%, on the other hand those of BL were 34.9-54.6%, 30-45.5% and 15.4-19.6%, respectively. The identified components of NL in starch-lipid were triglycerides (70.4-82.4%), free fatty acid (8.4-26.2%), esterified sterols and free sterols, and also the major GL in starch-lipid was monogalactos-yldiglycerides(87.2-91.1%). Of the PL in FL and BL, diphosphatidyl glycerols, lysophosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl choline & phosphatidyl serine were the major components. The predominent fatty acids found in NL, GL and PL of barley starch were palmitic acid and linoleic acid, and also myristic, stearic, oleic, linolenic acids were determined.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.25-27
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• 1999

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is an inflammatory disease of the middle ear cleft. Oxygen free radicals have been implicated in a variety of inflammatory disorders. Oxygen free radicals may also be involved in the pathogenesis of OME. To evaluate the involvement of oxygen free radicals in the pathogenesis of OME, the level of malondialdehyde, which gives an index of lipid peroxidation by oxygen free radicals, was measured by the reaction with thiobarbituric acid. Malondialdehyde level in the middle ear fluid from the OME group was higher than that in the normal control group. Malondialdehyde level in the middle ear fluid from a mucoid subgroup was higher than that in the serous subgroup. Malondialdehyde levels in the middle ear fluid from the serous subgroup was significantly correlated with symptom duration. The Pearson correlation coefficient between malondialdehyde levels in the middle ear fluid from the serous subgroup and symptom duration was 0.842 (P<0.05). These results indicate that lipid peroxidation by oxygen free radicals may be involved in the pathogenesis of human OME.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-9
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• 2000

Variouss concentrationss of free malonaldehyde were prepared from 1,1,3,3-tetraethoxy propane (TEP). Spectrophoto-metric determination and HPLC analysis of free malonaldehyde instead of malonaldehyde-thiobaribituric acid (MA-TBA) complex were conducted. Malonaldehyde was well separated on a $\mu$Bondapak C18 column. The absorbances at 254 nm and the HPLC peak areas of free malonaldehyde increased with the increase in its concentration. The correlation coefficient between absorbances and peak areas was 0.998. The total time elapsed to conduct the whole procedure was less than 15 minutes. This method directly measured the amount of free malonaldehyde in a short period of time successfully. This procedure is expected to be used as a rapid, accurate and specific means to de-termine the development of lipid oxidation in food.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.535-539
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• 2003

The EtOAc soluble fraction from the stem of Sorghum bicolor showed a strong free radical scavenging activity. Five major compounds were isolated from this fraction. They were identified by spectral data as methyl ferulate (1), methyl p-hydroxycinnamate (2), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3), tricin (4), and quercetin 3,4 -dimethyl ether (5). Among these compounds, 1 exhibited a strong, free radical scavenging activity on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with an $IC_50$ value of 0.7 $\mu$M. We further studied the effects of these isolated compounds on the lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes induced by non-enzymatic method. All five compounds showed anti-lipid peroxidation activity ($IC_50$ values of 0.5, 0.4, 0.3 and 0.3 $\mu$ M, respectively).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.300-305
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• 2002

The EtOAc and n-BuOH soluble fractions from the aerial part of Setaria viridis showed a strong free radical scavenging activity. Six major compounds were isolated from these fractions. They were identified by spectral data as tricin (1), p-hydroxycinnamic acid (2), vitexin 2"-Ο-xyloside (3), orientin 2"-Ο-xyloside (4), $tricin-7-Ο-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ (5) and vitexin 2"-Ο-glucoside (6). Among these compounds, 4 and 5 exhibited strong free radical scavenging activities on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). We further studied the effects of these isolated compounds on the lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes induced by non-enzymatic method. As expected, 4 and 5 exhibited significant inhibition on $ascorbic/Fe^{2-}$ induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes.ver microsomes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.117-123
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• 1981

The lipid composition of total serum lipids were investigated by latroscan TH-10 TLC analyzer in 69 healthy subjects and 62 patients with hypercholesterolemia. Total serum lipids level in healthy subjects was higher in females than males. There was a increase in total serum lipids level with increasing total serum cholesterol level in patients with hypercholesterolemia, regardless sex. Total serum lipids obtained from healthy subjects and patients with hypercholesterolemia were separated into phospholipids, free cholesterol, free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol esters. Increasing the level of total serum cholesterol in the patients resulted in a decrease in the level of phospholipids, which was a major lipid fraction, indicating that HDL level in the patients was also decreased. However, cholesterol esters, triglycerides and free cholesterol levels in the patients were higher than those found in healthy subjects. The FC/CE ratio for male patients was lower than for healthy males, while in female patients, this ratio was similar to that observed in healthy females.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.477-484
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• 1984

The crude lipid contents in meat, skin and viscera of eel were 24.94, 20.00 and 14.96, respectively, and higher than the other fresh water fishes. The free lipid was consisted in order of neutral lipid(86.71~94.94), phospholipid(4.13~12.74) and glycolipid(0.63~1.22), and the bound lipid in order of phospholipid(51.74~75.21), neutral lipid(14.41~36.82) and glycolipid(5.12~7.51). The neutral lipid in free lipid was mainly consisted of TG(68.51~95.22), and that in bound lipid TG(36.54~39.94), ES & HC(17.20~18.01), and MG(15.81~18.11). The phospholipid in free lipid was mainly consisted of PC (32.40~56.08) and PE(18.71~31.09), while that in bound lipid PC (<42.51~67.90) and PS (23.37~34.49). The contents of major fatty acid of polar lipid in free and bound lipids were $C_{16:0}$(16.58, 14.10, $C_{18:0}$(12.44, 7.36), $C_{18:1}$(16.01, 15.78), $C_{20:4}$(10.01, 6.11) $C_{20:5}$(4.20, 8.67) and $C_{22:6}$(10.26, 18.32) and those of nonpolar lipid in free and bound lipids were $C_{16:0}$(22.31, 18.61), $C_{18:0}$(4.36, 5.69, $C_{18:1}$(36.30, 27.20) $C_{20:5}$(2.88, 2.38) $C_{22:5}$(6.38, 5.11) and $C_{22:6}$(1.20, 5.11). The total essential fatty acid(TEFA) content of polar lipid in meat was ranged from 17.33 to 22.88, and 2.0~3.0 times higher than that of nonpolar lipid, and the TEFA content of bound lipid in meat was ranged from 11.54 to 22.88, and 1.5~2.0 times higher than that of free lipid. The w3 highly unsaturated fatty acid(w3-HUFA) content of polar lipid in meat was ranged from 8.63 to 42.85, and higer than 11.48 to 14.42 of nonpolar lipid. Also the w3-HUFA content of bound lipid in meat was ranged from 13.35 to 42.85, and higher than 11.48 to 18.63 of free lipid. The w3-HUFA content in meat was higher than that in skin and/or viscera