• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.557-562
• /
• 1996

The effects of diets differing in protein content through soybean meal supplementation on ruminal fractionation of selenium (Se) were studied. A $3{\times}3$ Latin square design was used with three Japanese Corriedale wethers (45 kg average body weight), three periods, and three dietary treatment. The three dietary treatments were : Diet 1, without soybean meal supplementation (14% crude protein, CP); Diet 2, with 10% soybean meal supplementation (16.5% CP); and Diet 3, with 20% soybean meal supplementation (19% CP). All the diets had a Se supplementation in the form of sodium selenite at 0.2 mg Se/kg dietary DM. The Se supplement and the concentrate mixture were fed only in the morning before the hay was given. Daily feeding schedule for gay was set at 09:00 and 17:00 h. On the final day of collection period, ruminal fluid samples were obtained at 0.5, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h post-feeding starting at 09:00 h. Total ruminal fluid Se was markedly higher (p<0.05) in Diet 3 than those in Diets 1 and 2 at almost all sampling time except at 24 h. The proportion of Se in soluble protein to the total ruminal Se was higher (p< 0.05) in Diet 3 (40%) followed by Diet 2 (28%) and Diet 1 (21%). The proportion of free inorganic Se to the total ruminal Se was the reverse, especially after two hours where Diet 1 (p<0.05) was higher than the other diets. Bacterial Se was lower (p < 0.05) in Diet 1 than those in Diets 2 and 3 at any sampling time. The highest was observed at 2 h postprandially in all diets with a value of 421, 556, $655{\mu}g/kg$ bacterial DM for Diet 1, 2 and 3, respectively. No differences (p>0.05) were observed on ruminal pH, ammonia and total nolatile fatty acids although increasing protein supplementation tended to decline the ruminal pH and increase ruminal ammonia. This study concludes that increasing dietary protein content by soybean meal supplementation can affect the ruminal Se metabolism.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.3207-3210
• /
• 2014

Background: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive form of locally advanced breast cancer characterized by rapidly progressive breast erythema, pain and tenderness, oedema and paeu d'orange appearance. It accounts for 1-3% of all newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer in the west. Data on IBC from India are lacking. The aim of our study was to assess the clinical-pathological parameters and outcome of IBC at, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, a large tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: We screened 3,650 breast cancer cases registered from January 2004 to December 2012 and found 41 cases of IBC. Data included demographics as well as clinical, radiological and histopathological characteristics, and were collected from clinical case records using the International Classification of Diseases code (C-50). Patients who presented with IBC as a recurrence, or who had a neglected and advanced breast cancer that simulated an IBC were excluded from this study. Results: The median age was 45 years (range 23-66). The median duration of symptoms was 5 months. The American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (AJCC) distribution was Stage III - 26 and IV - 15 patients. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) positivity and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) positivity were 50%, 46% and 60%, respectively. Triple negativity was found in 15% of the cases. All the non metastatic IBC patients received anthracycline and/ or taxane based chemotherapy followed by modified radical mastectomy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy as indicated. Pathological complete remission rate was 15%. At a median follow-up of 30 months, the 3 year relapse free survival and overall survival were 30% and 40%respectively. Conclusion: IBC constituted 1.1% of all breast cancer patients at our centre. One third of these had metastatic disease at presentation. Hormone positivity and Her2 neu positivity were found in 50% and 60% of the cases, respectively.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
• /
• no.14
• /
• pp.87-124
• /
• 2012

This paper focuses on the social implication of new media art, which has evolved with the advance of technology. To understand the notion of human-computer interactivity in media art, it examines the meaning of "cybernetics" theory invented by Norbert Wiener just after WWII, who provided "control and communication" as central components of his theory of messages. It goes on to investigate the application of cybernetics theory onto art since the 1960s, to which Roy Ascott made a significant contribution by developing telematic art, utilizing the network of telecommunication. This paper underlines the significance of the relationship between human and machine, art and technology in transforming the work of art as a site of communication and experience. The interactivity in new media art transforms the viewer into the user of the work, who is now provided free will to make decisions on his or her action with the work. The artist is no longer a godlike figure who determines the meaning of the work, yet becomes another user of his or her own work, with which to interact. This paper believes that the interaction between man and machine, art and technology can lead to various ways of interaction between humans, thereby restoring a sense of community while liberating humans from conventional limitations on their creativity. This paper considers the development of new media art more than a mere invention of new aesthetic styles employing advanced technology. Rather, new media art provides a critical shift in subverting the modernist autonomy that advocates the medium specificity. New media art envisions a new art, which would embrace impurity into art, allowing the coexistence of autonomy and heteronomy, embracing a technological other, thereby expanding human relations. By enabling the birth of the user in experiencing the work, interactive new media art produces an open arena, in which the user can create the work while communicating with the work and other users. The user now has freedom to visit the work, to take a journey on his or her own, and to make decisions on what to choose and what to do with the work. This paper contends that there is a significant parallel between new media artists' interest in creating new experiences of the art and Jacques Ranci$\grave{e}$re's concept of the aesthetic regime of art. In his argument for eliminating hierarchy in art and for embracing impurity, Ranci$\grave{e}$re provides a vision for art, which is related to life and ultimately reshapes life. Ranci$\grave{e}$re's critique of both formalist modernism and Jean-Francois Lyotard's postmodern view underlines the social implication of new media art practices, which seek to form "the common of a community."

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.11
• /
• pp.1642-1650
• /
• 2008

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of clinoptilolite (a natural zeolite) on growth and performance of broilers as well as on the quality of their litter. A total of 5,200 one-day old broiler chickens (Cobb 500) were used in two consecutive rounds lasting 42 days each. The broilers were given free and continuous access to a nutritionally non-limiting diet (in meal form) that was either a basal diet (B) or a 'zeolite diet' (Z; the basal diet supplemented with clinoptilolite at a level of 2%). A $2{\times}2$ factorial design consisted of two feeding treatments (B and Z) and two bedding types, sawdust (S) and sawdust with zeolite (Sz, which was the result of adding $2kg\;zeolite/m^2$), was used. In each round the broilers were randomly assigned to one of four (n = 650), treatment groups: two fed on the basal diet (B) and had bedding of either sawdust (group BS) or sawdust and zeolite (group BSz) and two fed on the Z diet and had as bedding either sawdust (ZS) or sawdust and zeolite (ZSz). Average growth rates were significantly (p<0.05) different between broilers of different groups; broilers that were fed on the 'zeolite diet' (Z) and were placed either in a compartment with sawdust bedding or sawdust bedding and zeolite (ZS and ZSz) as well those that were fed on the basal diet in a compartment with sawdust bedding and zeolite (BSz) grew at a faster rate (p<0.05) compared with those of the control group (BS). The incorporation of NZ in broilers diets and in their bedding material decreased the organic content in litter samples throughout the experimental period. The lowest organic content was recorded in group ZSz where NZ was added in both feed and litter. Mean ammonia concentration (ppm) was significantly higher in group ZS in comparison to groups BSz and ZSz (27.00 vs. 20.55 and 21.71 respectively). The results of this study showed that the incorporation of the clinoptilolite both in feed and into the litter had a positive effect on broiler growth and also on the quality of their litter.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.425-433
• /
• 2003

Acoustic Echo Canceller (AEC) is a signal processing system for removing unwanted echo signals in teleconference and hands-free communication. Least mean square (LMS) algorithm is one of the adaptive echo cancellation algorithms and it has been most attractive because of its simplicity and robustness. However, the convergence properties of the LMS algorithm degrade with highly correlated input signals such as speech. For this reason, transform-domain adaptive filtering algorithm was introduced to decorrelate the colored input samples by using the orthogonal transform matrix such as DCT, DFT and then LMS adaptive filtering process is applied. In this paper, we propose a MLT domain adaptive echo canceller base on the MLT (Modulated lapped Transform) orthogonal transform matrix. The proposed algorithm achieves high decorrelation efficiency and fast convergence speed via modulated lapped transform of size 2NXN instead of NXN unitary transform such as DCT, DFT, Hadamad and it is applied to the acoustical echo cancellation system. Form the computer simulation with both synthesis and real speech, the proposed MLT domain adaptive echo canceller shows approximately twice faster convergence speed and 20∼30 ㏈ ERLE improvements over the DCT frequency domain acoustic echo cancellation system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.825-832
• /
• 2014

Previous works for detecting arrhythmia have mostly used nonlinear method such as artificial neural network, fuzzy theory, support vector machine to increase classification accuracy. Most methods require accurate detection of P-QRS-T point, higher computational cost and larger processing time. Even if some methods have the advantage in low complexity, but they generally suffer form low sensitivity. Also, it is difficult to detect PVC accurately because of the various QRS pattern by person's individual difference. Therefore it is necessary to design an efficient algorithm that classifies PVC based on QRS pattern in realtime and decreases computational cost by extracting minimal feature. In this paper, we propose PVC classification based on QRS pattern using QS interval and R wave amplitude. For this purpose, we detected R wave, RR interval, QRS pattern from noise-free ECG signal through the preprocessing method. Also, we classified PVC in realtime through QS interval and R wave amplitude. The performance of R wave detection, PVC classification is evaluated by using 9 record of MIT-BIH arrhythmia database that included over 30 PVC. The achieved scores indicate the average of 99.02% in R wave detection and the rate of 93.72% in PVC classification.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.12 no.12
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2014

Purpose - Distribution of agricultural products is collapsing due to recent changes in the environment balance between retailers and producers. Further, the increase in the imports of agricultural products due to free trade has caused revenue problems for producers. Agricultural producers are faced with increasing difficulties, and the organized producing center's importance is growing each day. Korean organized producing centers' policies have been conducted since 2000, and have thus been sustained for more than 10 years. Organizing a producing center's business is focused on agricultural cooperative and farming association corporation this has already have been carried out. In addition, it has achieved significant results through these organizations, but it still has many problems. Research design, data, and methodology - Organized producing centers were classified for each type. The survey covered 90 organizations, based on factor analysis, analysis of balance, and logistic regression analysis. The results of the conducted factor analysis are as follows. Production, marketing, human resources management, organizational skills, post management, safety, and scale were classified as the seven kinds of factors. These are the factors that affect the organized producing centers through the variance analysis and logistic regression analysis. The purpose of such research and analysis is to suggest the direction for the future organized producing centers' policies. Result - Results of the analysis of the variance are listed below. Items by type, production, marketing, human resource management, and organizational skills are shown to depict differences between the factors. Organization form results show that production and marketing showed a difference between the factors. The size of the organization, production, and marketing showed the difference between the factors. The factors affect organized producing centers differently depending on the type shown, as seen from the results. In contrast, the logistic regression results of the analysis are as follows. Considering the results by the type of item, and the horticulture type of marketing, human resource management has a (+) influence. Grain type and production showed a (+) influence. New types of income affecting organizational skills have a (+) influence. Considering the results for each type of organization, the agricultural cooperative type of marketing and human resource management have (+) influence. Farming association corporation type of production has a (+) influence. As a result, the size of the organization is as follows. Large organizations are production, expressed in marketing with a (+) impact. Medium-size organizations are expressed with their size factor having a (+) impact. Small organizations are expressed with a safety factor having a (+) impact. Conclusions - The types of factors display different effects. One factor is that the type of a (+) represents the influence of other factors (-) as per factor symptomatology. Therefore, the type of measures to organize a strategy to maximize the benefits of your organization should be pursued. In addition, based on the support for small organizations, improving the quality of the producer organization should be considered.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.12
• /
• pp.1761-1768
• /
• 2006

In this study, the comparative effects of transgenic corn (Mon 810 and Event 176) and isogenic corn (DK729) were investigated for their influence on in vitro rumen fermentation. This study consisted of three treatments with 0.25 g rice straw, 0.25 g of corn (Mon810/Event176/DK 729) mixed with 30 ml rumen fluid-basal medium in a serum bottle. They were prepared in oxygen free conditions and incubated at $39^{\circ}C$ in a shaking incubator. The influence of transgenic corn on the number of bacterial population, F. succinogenes (cellulolytic) and S. bovis (amylolytic), was quantified using RT-PCR. Fermentative parameters were measured at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h and substrate digestibility was measured at 12 and 24 h. No significant differences were observed in digestibility of dry matter, NDF, ADF at 12 and 24 h for both transgenic and isogenic form of corns (p>0.05) as well as in fermentative parameters. Fluid pH remained unaffected by hybrid trait and decreased with VFA accumulation as incubation time progressed. No influence of corn trait itself was seen on concentration of total VFA, acetic, propionic, butyric and valeric acids. There were no significant differences (p<0.05) in total gas production, composition of gas (methane and hydrogen) at all times of sampling, as well as in NH3-N production. Bacterial quantification using RT-PCR showed that the population number was not affected by transgenic corn. From this study it is concluded that transgenic corn (Mon810 and Event 176) had no adverse effects on rumen fermentation and digestibility compared to isogenic corn. However, regular monitoring of these transgenic feeds is needed by present day researchers to enable consumers with the option to select their preferred food source for animal or human consumption.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.37-61
• /
• 2005

Microcapsules consisting of natural, biodegradable polymers for controlled and/or sustained core release applications are needed. Physicochemical properties of whey proteins suggest that they may be suitable wall materials in developing such microcapsules. The objectives of the research were to develop water-insoluble, whey protein-based microcapsules containing a model water-soluble drug using a chemical cross-linking agent, glutaraldehyde, and to investigate core release from these capsules at simulated physiological conditions. A model water soluble drug, theophylline, was suspended in whey protein isolate (WPI) solution. The suspension was dispersed in a mixture of dichloromethane and hexane containing 1% biomedical polyurethane. Protein matrices were cross-linked with 7.5-30 ml of glutaraldehyde-saturated toluene (GAST) for 1-3 hr. Microcapsules were harvested, washed, dried and analyzed for core retention, microstructure, and core release in enzyme-free simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) at 37$^{\circ}C$, A method consisting of double emulsification and heat gelation was also developed to prepare water-insoluble, whey protein-based microcapsules containing anhydrous milkfat (AMF) as a model apolar core. AMF was emulsified into WPI solution (15-30%, pH 4.5-7.2) at a proportion of 25-50% (w/w, on dry basis). The oil-in-water emulsion was then added and dispersed into corn oil (50 $^{\circ}C$)to form an O/W/O double emulsion and then heated at 85$^{\circ}C$ for 20 min for gelation of whey protein wall matrix. Effects of emulsion composition and pH on core retention, microstructure, and water-solubility of microcapsules were determined. Overall results suggest that whey proteins can be used in developing microcapsules for controlled and sustained core release applications.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.57 no.6
• /
• pp.21.1-21.8
• /
• 2015

The digestibility of different vegetable protein sources were investigated and the effects of supplementing canola meal (CM) as partial inclusions were studied in growing pigs, to determine the performance parameters and its economic importance. In Exp. 1, four pigs (average initial $BW=15.4{\pm}0.35kg$, 5 weeks of age) fitted with simple T-cannula at terminal ileum, were fed four diets following repeated $4{\times}4$ Latin square design having adoption period of 7 days. Diet 1 was Nitrogen free diet containing corn starch. Diets 2, 3, and 4 were the basal diet supplemented with soybean meal (SBM), rapeseed meal (RSM), and domestic CM respectively. The AID of crude protein was decrease in RSM in comparison to SBM supplementation. The AID of Dietary indispensable amino acids (DIAA) such as Lys, Meth, Pha, and dispensable amino acid Ala, Pro, Asp were decreased (P < 0.05) in RSM supplemented diets. The SID of DIAA does not differ but the SID of Asp was higher (P < 0.05) in RSM and CM diets while SID of Pro was lower (P < 0.05) in RSM in comparison to SBM supplemented diets. In Exp. 2, 192 growing pigs (average initial BW $24.76{\pm}2.55kg$) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with increasing levels of CM i.e. 0, 3.75, 7.50, and 11.25 % respectively. Diets were fed in meal form for 35 days. Increasing CM levels in diets had no effects (P > 0.05) on growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy. Total weight gain, total feed intake, and feed cost per kg weight gain were not affected by increasing levels of CM in diets but total feed cost (TFC) per pigs was linearly reduced (26.463 to 25.674; P < 0.05). Broadly, the AID, and SID of amino acid was reduced in RSM but was not effected in CM in comparison to SBM supplemented pigs. Moreover, increasing levels of CM in pigs diet had no effect on the ATTD and performance but TFC per pig was reduced. Thus CM inclusion of up to 11.25 % in diets can be used for reducing the production cost in growing pigs without any negative effect.