• Toxicological Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.249-257
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• 2018

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different dietary concentrations of T-2 toxin on blood plasma protein content, lipid peroxidation and glutathione redox system of pheasant (Phasianus colchicus). A total of 320 one-day-old female pheasants were randomly assigned to four treatment groups fed with a diet contaminated with different concentrations of T-2 toxin (control, 4 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg). Birds were sacrificed at early (12, 24 and 72 hr) and late (1, 2 and 3 weeks) stages of the experiment to demonstrate the effect of T-2 toxin on lipid peroxidation and glutathione redox status in different tissues. Feed refusal and impaired growth were observed with dose dependent manner. Lipid-peroxidation was not induced in the liver, while the glutathione redox system was activated partly in the liver, but primarily in the blood plasma. Glutathione peroxidase activity has changed parallel with reduced glutathione concentration in all tissues. Based on our results, pheasants seem to have higher tolerance to T-2 toxin than other avian species, and glutathione redox system might contribute in some extent to this higher tolerance, in particular against free-radical mediated oxidative damage of tissues, such as liver.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1 s.65
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• pp.91-103
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• 2006

Objectives : Etiological studies of diabetes and its complications showed that oxidative stress might play a major role. Therefore, many effects have been fried to regulate oxygen free radicals for treating diabetes and its complications. Because Holotrichia has been known to be effective for the treatment of diabetes, the methanol extract of Holotrichia was tested for its effectiveness in reducing the oxidative stress induced by streptozotocin. Methods : Holotrichia was washed, dried in the shade and crushed. The crushed Holotrichia was extracted 3 times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 17 g. Holotrichia extract was oral-administed to the diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin 50 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 20 days. The efficacy of the Holotrichia extract was examined with regard to the enzymatic pathways involved in the oxygen free radical production and the glutathione balance. Results : The Effects of the methanol extract of Holotrichia in streptozotocin-induced diabolic rats with regards to body weight, blood glucose level, hepatic lipid peroxide level, hepatic superoxide anion radical content. hepatic xanthine oxidase activity and type conversion rate, hepatic glutathione level, hepatic aldose reductase activity, and hepatic sorbitol dehydrogenase activity were shown to be good enough to cure and prevent the diabetes and its complications. Conclusions : These results indicated that Holotrichia might reduce the oxidative stress in the tissues and organs by regulating the production of oxygen free radicals. Especially, Holotrichia might prevent and cure the diabetes and its complications by reducing the oxidative stress in the ${\beta}$-cells of pancreas. Some suggestions on biophoton experiments were made.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.586-592
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant effects of Korean soybean paste extracts (SPE) on 2,2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced liver damage in rats. Thirty healthy Sprague Dawley rats were selected and divided into 5 groups. Isoflavone contents were measured using HPLC technique. The antioxidant activity was measured in the plasma and liver of the rats with the following results. Levels of isoflavone in fermented soy paste, red pepper paste and soy sauce were 28.9, 30.3 and $3.4\;{\mu}g/g$ for daidzein and 244.3, 187.7 and $6.1\;{\mu}g/g$ for genistein, respectively. The activities of glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were significantly higher in the AAPH-treated group in the SPE-AAPH group (p<0.05). The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) production was significantly increased in the AAPH-treated liver tissue (P<0.05). Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase in the liver were significantly (p<0.05) decreased by AAPH administration. The glutathione (GSH) concentration was higher in the SPE-treated (Ed- confirm) group than in the control and other groups (p<0.05). These results suggest that SPE led to increased anti oxidative activities against AAPH-induced peroxyl radical.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2003

In the biological world, there are a number of ecological fights for survival between each organism such as plants, animals and microorganism In such events, an organism can use its natural bioactive products as defence agent against other organisms. Furthermore, natural bioactive products can be utilized for medicine or functional food. Recently, we investigate the effect of Monascus pigment extracted from a fungus, Monascus anke, on the alcohol metabolism and blood lipid profile. In the present study, it is observed that Monascus pigment supplemented dietary may have a hepatoprotective effect on rat's liver damage induced with $CCl_4$ . By treatment with $CCl_4$(3 times, I.P), liver damage was reduced more in the rats fed 2% Monascus pigment extract supplemented diet than those fed standard diet, based on the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, microsomal glucose-6-phosphatse activity and hepaic malondialdehyde content. On the other hand, oxygen free radical generating enzymes, hepatic P-450 dependent aniline hydroxylase, xanthine oxidase, and oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes, hepatic glutathione S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activities were generally higher both in $CCl_4$ treated group and control fed 2% Monascus pigment extract supplemented diet than those fed standard diet. In conclusion, the rats fed 2% Monascus pigment extract supplemented diet showed more reduced liver damage than those fed standard diet, which may be due to the acceleration of oxygen free radical metabolism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2003

This study was designed to test the effect of Korean traditional tea materials on oxygen-free radical metabolism in lead (Pb) -administered rats. Male rats were divided into normal, Pb-control (Pb-Con) and Pb-water extract of green tea (Camellia sinensis; GT) , persimmon leaf (Diospyros kaki; PL) , safflower seed (Carhamus tinctorius: SS) , Du-Zhong (Eucommia ulmoides; EU) groups, respectively. Pb intoxication was induced by administration of lead acetate (25 mg/kg. B.W., oral) weekly. The extract was administered based on 1.26 g of raw material/kg B.W./day for 4 weeks. When the GT, PL, SS and EU were supplemented to the Pb-administered rats, hepatic lipid peroxide levels were significantly lower compared to the Pb-Con group. Hepatic cytochrom P-450 content and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was lower in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group, whereas xanthine oxidase activity was significantly elevated in Pb-administered rats. The water extract of GT, PL, SS and EU supplementation attenuated changes in enzyme activities generating reactive oxygen species in the liver. Hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were significantly higher in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group, while monoamine oxidase activity also tended to increase in the Pb-administered rats. However, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities, and glutathione content significantly decreased through Pb intoxication. The supplementation of GT, PL, SS and EU induced alleviation changes of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.226-234
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• 2000

Protective effect of Corydalis ternata against the carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity was investigated. Carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) induces hepatotoxicity due to the reactive free radical(CCl$_3$ . ) generated by cytochrome P-450 enzyme. We examined effects of hexane, chloroform, butanol and water fractions prepared from the Corydalis ternata methanol extract. Rats were treated with those for 3 days, and liver microsomes and cytosols were prepared at 24 hour after last treatment. Hepatoprotective activity of the water fraction was higher than that of other fractions. To examine mechanism of the hepatoprotective effect of Corydalis ternuta, we measured contents of malondialdehyde(MDA), cytochrome P46O(CYP), glutathione, calcium as well as the activities of NADPH-CYP reductase, glutathione S-transferase(GST), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPX) and catalase. The fraction inhibited production of MDA, content of CYP and calcium in liver of water fractions - treated rats as compared with those of CCl4-treated rats. The GST activity was increased. We speculate that the O2 radical scavenging activities of the water fraction might play a key role in the mechanism opposing the progression of $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity, but the activities of SOD, GPX, CAT were decreased. These results suggest that the mechanism might be mainly due to the decrease of CYP contents, act as calcium channel blocker and increase of GST activity rather than $O_2$ radical scavenging activities.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2001

To evaluate the effect of occlusive skin on the activity of cutaneous oxygen free radical metabolizing enzymes in rats, the dorsal skin was covered with closed glass chamber shaped petri dish, 46 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height and sealed by an adhesive. Five day-occluded group showed more increased activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) than that of control, and the activity of five day-occluded group was higher than that of ten day-occluded group. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly higher in ten day-occluded group than in control or five day-occluded group. All the more, five day-occluded group showed the decreasing tendency of SOD and GPx activities compared to those of control. On the other hand, the cerrous perhydroxide deposits were observed in the intercellular space of the stratum basale in five day-occluded group under the electronic microscope using a cytochemistry method. Futhermore, the degree of cerrous perhydroxide reaction was lower in ten day-occluded group than in five day-occluded group. In conclusion, the increased XO activity and the decreased SOD and GPx activities are likely to responsible far the accumulation of $H_2O_2$ in five day-occluded group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.727-733
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of arsenic ($As^{III}$) on lipid peroxidation, glutathione content and antioxidant enzymes in growing pigs. Ninety-six Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire crossbred growing pigs (48 barrows and 48 gilts, respectively) were randomly assigned to four groups and each group was randomly assigned to three pens (four barrows and four gilts). The four groups received the same corn-soybean basal diet which was supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30 mg/kg As respectively. Arsenic was added to the diet in the form of $As_2O_3$. The experiment lasted for seventy-eight days after a seven-day adaptation period. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione (GSH) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were analyzed in serum, livers and kidneys of pigs. The results showed that pigs treated with 30 mg As/kg diet had a decreased average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.05) and an increased feed/gain ratio (F/G) (p<0.05) compared to the controls. The levels of MDA significantly increased (p<0.05), and the contents of GSH and the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GST significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the pigs fed 30 mg As/kg diet. The results indicated that the mechanism of arsenic-induced oxidative stress in growing pigs involved lipid peroxidation, depletion of glutathione and decreased activities of some enzymes, such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GST, which are associated with free radical metabolism.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2005

Flavonoids are class of polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom, which display a variety of biological activities, including antiviral, antithrombotic, antiinflammatory, antihistaminic, antioxidant and free-radica 1 scavenging abilities. The antioxidant enzyme (AOE) system plays an important role in the defense against oxidative stress insults. To determine whether flavonoid, myricetin can exert antioxidative effects not only directly by modulating the AOE system but also scavenging free radical, we investigated the influence of the flavonoid myricetin on cell viability, different antioxidant enzyme activities, ROS level and the expression of different antioxidant emzyme in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Myricetin in a concentration range from 6.25 to $50\;{\mu}M$ decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities, but catalase (CAT) activity was increased. In the myricetin-treated group, ROS levels were decreased dose-dependently. Antioxidant enzyme expression was measured by RT-PCR. Myricetin treatment of B16F10 cells increased catalase expression. Expression levels of copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD) were not affected by exposure of myricetin. Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) and GPx expression levels decreased slightly after myricetin treatment. In conclusion, the antioxidant capacity of myricetin was due to CAT and free-radical scavenging.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2014

In the present study, the curative effect of curcumin on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats was investigated. Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with serious side effects, including erosion, ulcerative lesions, and petechial bleeding in the mucosa of the stomach. Gastric mucosal lesions were caused by oral administration of 25 mg/kg of indomethacin. Various doses (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) of curcumin were treated for 3 days by oral gavage. Indomethacin clearly increased the gastric ulcer area in the stomach, and curcumin significantly decreased the gastric ulcer area in a dose-dependent manner. Curcumin also markedly inhibited lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosa and activated radical scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that curcumin can induce recovery from indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions through inhibition of lipid peroxidation and activation of radical scavenging enzymes, such as SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Curcumin appears to be a powerful free radical quencher, and it may offer an attractive strategy for healing gastric mucosal lesions in humans.