• BMB Reports
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2012

Salsolinol (1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) is a compound derived from dopamine metabolism and is capable of causing dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Oxidative modification of neurofilament proteins has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, oxidative modification of neurofilament-L (NF-L) by salsolinol and the inhibitory effects of histidyl dipeptides on NF-L modification were investigated. When NF-L was incubated with 0.5 mM salsolinol, the aggregation of protein was increased in a time-dependent manner. We also found that the generation of hydroxyl radicals (${\bullet}OH$) was linear with respect to the concentrations of salsolinol as a function of incubation time. NF-L exposure to salsolinol produced losses of glutamate, lysine and proline residues. These results suggest that the aggregation of NF-L by salsolinol may be due to oxidative damage resulting from free radicals. Carnosine, histidyl dipeptide, is involved in many cellular defense processes, including free radical detoxification. Carnosine, and anserine were shown to significantly prevent salsolinol-mediated NF-L aggregation. Both compounds also inhibited the generation of ${\bullet}OH$ induced by salsolinol. The results indicated that carnosine and related compounds may prevent salsolinol-mediated NF-L modification via free radical scavenging.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 소아정신과에서 자폐로 진단받은 아동을 대상으로 항산화비타민을 공급하기 전후를 비교하여 신체 계측과 모발 내 유해 무기질 함량, 혈장 내 항산화 체계를 관찰하였고 혈장 지질 및 간 기능에 미치는 영향, 자폐성향 측정 및 사회성숙도를 비교하였다. 항산화비타민 섭취 전과 후의 영양소 섭취량을 조사한 결과 섭취량에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 자폐아동에게 3개월간 항산화 비타민을 공급한 후 유해중금속 함량을 측정한 결과는 As, Pb 및 Al의 경우에는 항산화 비타민 공급 후 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 감소하는 경향이었다. 그러나 Cd와 Hg은 항산화 비타민 공급 후 유의적으로 감소함을 관찰할 수 있었다. 학습장애에 영향을 미치는 미네랄인 Na, Cr도 항산화 공급 후 감소되어지는 것을 관찰하였으며 여러 항산화 효소들의 구성요소인 Fe, Zn, Mn 및 Se을 관찰한 결과 항산화비타민 공급 후 함량이 증가되었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 혈중 serotonin을 측정한 결과는 항산화 비타민 섭취 전에 비해 섭취 후 serotonin 함량이 다소 증가하였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었으며 free radical 함량은 항산화비타민 섭취 전에 비해 섭취 후 free radical 함량이 23% 유의적으로 감소하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 항산화 비타민이 모발 내 미네랄함량, 중금속 함량, free radical 함량 및 자폐성향 및 사회성숙도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보아 자폐아동에게 항산화비타민의 보충이 자폐아동의 행동 및 발달장애를 개선시킨 것이라고 사료되어진다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2005

In the present study, we evaluated the free radical scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities exhibited by extracts obtained from the dried stems (and leaves) of Lespedeza bicolor We also assessed its potential irritation activities with regard to cosmetic use. When the DPPH radical scavenging activities of L. bicolor were assessed at six different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$), the concentration of L. bicolor required to inhibit DPPH radical formation by $50\%$ was found to be $164.90{\mu}g/ml$. The effects of L. bicolor on the inhibition of xanthine oxidase were determined at seven different concentrations. The $50\%$ effective concentration was found to be $282.75{\mu}g/ml$. In the skin irritation test, all animals survived for the duration of the study, and all exhibited normal gains in body weight. The control sites exhibited no response to the control procedures. No edema, erythema, or eschar formation was observed in any of the tested rabbits. In the ocular irritation study, all of the rabbit eyes remained normal. In summary, L. bicolor extracts were considered to be non-irritating to the skin and eye.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2001

The spontaneous frequency of genetic damage and the possible relationship of this damage to total radical-trapping antioxidant potential(TRAP) and antioxidant vitamins, including plasma levels of $\alpha$-carotene, $\beta$-carotene, cryptoxanthin, retinol, $\alpha$-tocopherol and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol in humans were investigated in 57 subjects using two indices of genetic damage, SCE & HFC frequency. The mean of SCE and HFC frequencies were weakly correlated with plasma TRAP(r=-0.305, p<0.1 for SCEs: r=-0.297, p<0.1 for HFCs, respectively), but those were strongly negatively correlated with plasma $\beta$-carotence(r=-0.385, p<0.01 for SCEs : r=-0.392, p<0.01 for HFCs) and cryptoxanthin(r=-0.312, p<0.05 for SCEs : r=0.335, p<0.05 for HFCs, respectively) levels in the subjects. However, those DNA damage markers including SCE and HFC did not correlate with either plasma $\alpha$-carotene, $\alpha$-tocopherol or retinol concentrations. The mean of SCE and HFC frequencies were positively correlated with plasma ${\gamma}$-tocopherol level(r=0.421, p<0.01 for SCEs : r=0.399, p<0.01 for HFCs, respectively). These findings indicate that increased cytogenetic DNA changes, as determined by SCE and HFC frequencies are possibly associated with generation of free radicals in lymphocytes and decreased plasma antioxidant vitamin($\beta$-carotene and cryptoxanthin) status in the subjects. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 401~08, 2001)

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.423-426
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• 2001

건조과일의 방사선 조사여부를 확인하기 위하여 감마선 조사로 생성된 라디칼을 ESR spectroscopy를 이용하여 측정하였다. 건조된 바나나, 파인애플 및 피스타치오를 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 kGy의 Co-60 감마선을 조사한 후 이를 시료로 Bruker Win-EPR spectrometer를 이용하여 측정하였다. 방사선 조사된 파인애플과 바나나는 sugar radical의 전형적인 매우 복잡한 multiplet을 나타내었으며, 피스타치오의 신호형태는 singlet을 나타내어 비조사 시료와 확실히 구별되었다. 적용선량의 범위에서$(0.5{\sim}5\;kGy)$ 조사선량이 증가함에 따라 라디칼의 농도는 직선적으로 증가하였으며, 이때 $R^2$값은 $0.9874{\sim}0.9974$의 범위로 매우 높았다. 또 이들 라디칼들은 상온에서 40일간 저장 후에도 관찰이 가능하여 건조과일의 유통 중 방사선 조사여부의 판별에 ESR spectroscopy의 이용 가능성이 확인되었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the effect of kimchi intake on free radical and oxidative substance production in young adults and the elderly. Daily kimchi intake by people in their twenties (n = 93, 20 to 29 years old) and over sixty-five (n = 143, over 65 years old) in M city were surveyed and blood was drawn to analyze the free radicals in their plasma. The average amount of kimchi intake by the subjects was 115.8 $\pm$ 91.7 g. The amount of kimchi intake of those in their twenties (106.1 $\pm$ 80.6 g) was significantly lower than that of those over sixty-five (125.5 $\pm$ 102.9 g, p < 0.05). Concentrations of total free radicals and OH radicals were 27 and 33% greater respectively, in those over sixty-five than in those in their twenties, indicating that more free radicals were produced by the older group. The concentration of GSH was not signiacantly different in the two groups, but that of GSSG in the over sixty-five age group was 53% greater than in the twenties group, which resulted in a 35% reduction in GSH/GSSG in the elderly group. TBARS concentration in the over sixty-five group was 26% greater than that of the twenties group. In order to see the effect of kimchi intake on free radical production, subjects in same age group were divided into two sub groups-the mean over and the mean under groups-according to the average amount of kimchi intake, which was 115.8 g. The total free radicals, the OH radicals, the GSH, the GSSG, and the GSH/GSSG in the twenties group were not significantly different in the two kimchi intake groups. However, those in the over sixty-five group were significantly different. The concentration of total free radicals and OH radicals of the mean over group were 21 and 26% lower respectively, than those of the mean ova. group (p < 0.05). The GSH and GSH/GSSG of the mean ova. groups were higher by 8 and 12%, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the kimchi intake and the total free radicals was -0.1862 (p < 0.05) and that for GSH/GSSG was 0.1861 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the production of free radicals and oxidative substances increased with age, and kimchi seemed to retard this phenomena.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.851-855
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics of formation of mixed oxidants and some aspects of the performance of electrochemical process as an alternative disinfection strategy for water purification. The study of electrochemical process has shown free chlorine to be produced, but smaller amounts of stronger oxidants, such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide and OH radicals, were also generated. The formation of ozone and hydrogen peroxide increased with increasing electric conductivity, but was limited at conductivities greater than 0.6 mS/cm. Also, formation of OH radical was enhanced as electric conductivity was increased to 0.9 mS/cm and The stead-state concentrations of OH radical were calculated at $1.1{\sim}6.4{\times}10^{-14}M$. Using E. coti, inactivation kinetic studies were performed. With the exception of free chlorine, the role of mixed oxidants, especially OH radical, was investigated for enhancement of the inactivation rate.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.1422-1426
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 일반아동과 자폐아동 모발의 무기질, 유해 중금속 함량, 혈액의 자유라디칼 및 세로토닌 함량을 측정함으로써 일반아동에 대한 자폐아동의 특성을 연구하고자 하였다. 실험그룹은 $3{\sim}9$세 사이의 50명의 아동을 일반아동(22명) 및 어린이 정신과 의사에 의해 판정된 자폐아동(28명)의 두 그룹으로 나누었다. 일반아동과 자폐아동 간의 나이, 신장, 체중 및 식이섭취량은 두 군간 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 모발 중 다량미네랄 함량을 측정한 결과 Ca, Mg, P 및 S는 일반아동이 자폐아동보다 다소 높게 나타났으며, Na 및 K는 자폐아동에서 일반아동에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 또한, 모발 중 미량미네랄 함량을 측정한 결과에서는 Cu, Zn, Fe, Cr 및 Se는 일반아동이 자폐아동보다 높게 나타났으며, 특히, Cu, Zn, Fe의 경우 두 그룹 간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. Mn, B, Co 및 Mo는 두 그룹 간에 차이가 없었다. Al의 경우에는 자폐아동에서 더 높은 것을 관찰할 수 있었으나 유의적인 수준은 아니었다. 일반아동 및 자폐아동의 모발 중 유해중금속 함량을 측정한 결과 As, Hg 및 Be의 경우에는 두 그룹 간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 Cd와 Pb는 일반아동에 비해 자폐아동에서 유의하게 높은 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 혈액 내 자유라디칼 함량은 자폐아동이 일반아동에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 세로토닌 함량은 일반아동과 자폐아동 간의 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과 본 연구에서는 식이섭취량을 단 하루만을 조사하였으나 향후에는 조사기간을 더 늘리고 식품섭취유형과 패턴 및 식행동 장애 분석 등 좀 더 다양하고 깊이 있는 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다. 또한 자폐아동은 일반아동에 비해 모발의 일부 미네랄 함량은 감소, 중금속 함량의 증가 및 자유라디칼 생성이 증가함으로써 자폐아동의 행동 및 발달장애에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다. 향후 연구에서는 자폐아동에게 부족한 영양소의 보충 및 중금속 해독 영양소를 섭취함으로써 자폐아동의 행동 및 발달장애의 개선 기능에 대한 연구가 시행되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2016

Objectives : Poria cocos Wolf has been widely used in Korean medicine as a medicinal fungus. In this study, we investigated that comparative anti-oxidant effects of ethanol extract from wild Poria cocos (WP) and plastic bag-cultivated Poria cocos (PBP).Methods : Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in WP and PBP extract were monitored. And DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl (·OH) free radical scavenging capacity, reducing power and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities of them were determined at 5, 1, 0.5 mg/ml concentrations.Results : Higher total polyphenol contents were found in the PBP extract (52.07±0.6 mg/TAEg) than in the WP extract (28.44±0.26 mg/TAEg). The flavonoid contents in WP and PBP extract were 17.29±0.30 mg/ RUEg, 21.36±0.40 mg/ RUEg, respectively. Also, DPPH, ABTS and ·OH free radical scavenging capacity of PBP extract in treated concentrations (5, 1, 0.5 mg/ml) significantly increased compared to those of WP-treated group. In particular, DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of PBP extract at 5 mg/ml concentration were similar to positive control (BHA or vit. C). Xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition rate in both extract increased dose dependently. But it was significantly increased in PBP-treated group, only at 5 mg/ml, compared to those of WP-treated group. Then, their inhibition rate by PBP was similar to positive control (BHA).Conclusions : These results suggest that PBP extract is superior to WP extract in anti-oxidant capacity thus PBP can be applied in variable antioxidative products as a substitute for WP.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2008

In an effort to augment extractability of carnosine and anserine at the levels of pro-oxidants such as iron and protein in Tuna boiled extracts(Skipjack, Yellowfin and Bigeye), we assessed the effects of heated and ion exchange chromatography(IEC) and ultrafiltration(UF) using a MW 500 cut-off(500 MWCO). We also evaluated the antioxidant activity of these extracts processed as free radical scavengers and reducing agents. Tuna boiled extracts of dark and ordinary muscle protein and total iron were reduced, whereas carnosine and anserine concentrations and antioxidant activity were increased. The carnosine and anserine concentrations of the ion exchange and permeate UF(IEC-UF) extracts were higher than those observed in the heated and permeate UF(heat-UF), whereas the protein and total iron contents were lower than that observed in the heat-UF. The quantity of carnosine and anserine in ordinary muscle was higher than that detected in dark muscle. HPLC analysis and SDS-PAGE were shown to removes the effect of UF on high molecular weight impurities in the tuna boiled extracts. The major free amino acids(FFAs) from Skipjack, Yellowfin and Bigeye tuna IEC-UF extracts were anserine, histidine and carnosine. These three peptides constituted more than 80～85%. of the detected amino acid. The IEC-UF treated ordinary muscle extracts evidenced the highest levels of DPPH radical scavenging activity and the highest levels of reducing power among the various extracts. The IEC-UF extracts evidenced a DPPH radical scavenging effect equal to that of 1mM ascorbic acid.