• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.24-25
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• 1991

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 1997

The study was carried out to determine an optimum concentration of plant growth regulators(ABA and kinetin) on reducing NaCl toxicity during germination in rice. Plant height of a japonica cultivar Ilpumbyeo in ABA 10$^{-5}$ M was increased, while all treatments of kinetin had no clear effects on increasing the plant height. However, other rice cultivars showed slightly different reaction by PGRs compared with Ilpumbyeo. Germination rate of four rice cultivars was ranged from 53.1 to 58.2％ in NaCl 1.3％. All treatments of kinetin accelerated germination rate of tested rice cultivars except Dasanbyeo compared with NaCl 1.3％ treatment. The higher concentration of ABA and kinetin treatment induced the higher starch content, and while the lower concentration of two plant growth regulators induced the higher sugar content in all four rice cultivars. The free proline content of rice seedlings was highest in Ilpumbyeo among the tested cultivars under NaCl 1.3％ treatment.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.6
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• pp.29-31
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• 1965

The distribution of water soluble free amino acids in various parts of sheep muscles were observed. amino acids of cystine, histidine, aspartic acid, arginine, hydroxy proline, threonine, glutamic acid alanine, proline, methionine, tryptophan, leucine, iso-leucine, glycine, creatine, and two or four different kinds of amino acid content in each tissues, M. longissimus. Overall, the distribution of content of amino acids are seemed to be different for each tissues, while for hydroxyproline the result was negative.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.340-350
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• 1995

This study was conducted to obtain the basic information for the salt stress of Italian Ryegrass. Fourteen cultivars including 7 diploid and 7 tetraploid were subjected to eight levels of NaCl treatments during germination and early seedling stages. Germination percentage decreased remarkably over 300mM of NaCl concentration. The NaCl concentration that inhibited germination of 50% of the viable seeds in the cultivars was 344mM. The decreasing degree of germination percentage was higher in tetraploid type than in diploid type. The varietal difference of germination percentage was shown to be very conspicuous as the NaCl concentration increased. Top dry weight in 166 mM NaCl was decreased by 50% compared with that of control. Inhibition of NaCl appeared to be more in early seedling stage than in germination stage. Top dry weight of cultivars in NaCl stress was not related with germination capacity. Root dry weight in 148mM NaCl decreased by 50% compared with that of control. Root dry weight of cultivars was significantly correlated with top dry weight in NaCl treatment. Top dry weight and root dry weight was higher in diploid type than in tetraploid type at each 8 levels of NaCl concentration. Total chlorophyll content increased with the increase of NaCl concentration and the degree of increase in chlorophyll a was higher than that in chlorophyll b. Chlorophyll a was higher in tetraploid type than in diploid type. But chlorophyll b was higher in diploid type than in tetraploid type. There were significant correlation between chlorophyll a and top dry weight of cultivars over 150mM of NaCl concentration. Free proline content accumulated remarkably in NaCl treatment compared with control and was not difference between diploid type and tetraploid type. Free proline content of cultivars was not related with top dry weight in NaCl treatment.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.241-243
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• 1979

Coral damselfish (demoiselle), Chromis notatus, has been one of the most tasty sea foods in Jeju-Do, Korea, The free amino acids in tile extracts of Chromis notatus were analysed by amino acid autoanalyser. In the extracts, taurine, lysine, glycine and alanine were abundant, holding $30.3\%,\;22.7\%,\;16.0\%\;,\;11.5\%$ of total amino acid content, respectively and followed threonine, glutamic acid and serine, in order. While methionine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, valine were poor and aspartic acid and proline were trace in content.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2003

Resistant cell lines to azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZCA) were selected through rice embryo culture after mutagenic treatment of callus irradiated with 30,50,70,90 and 120 Gy. The optimum AZCA concentration for the selection of resistant cell lines was 3 or 4 mM AZCA considering $LD_{50}$ and the fresh weight of callus. Survival rate of the AZCA resistant callus showed remarkable increase in the callus irradiated with 50 and 70 Gy. Regeneration rate of the AZCA resistant callus was much lower on the whole. Ninety and 120 Gy increased the regeneration rate for calli selected from 3 and 4 mM AZCA, respectively. Based on fresh weight, survival rate and regeneration for selection of the AZCA resistant cell line, 50-90 Gy was considered as the optimum range of gamma irradiation. Irradiated calli selected from AZCA were more tolerant to NaCl than those from non-irradiated calli. It suggests that elevated resistance to osmotic stress resulted from mutagenic treatment. The level of free proline content in the AZCA resistant cell line was increased up to 3.5 times compared with that in the control. Proline content in the regenerant derived from the AZCA resistant cell line also increased to 1.7 times that from the control plants regenerated from callus grown in AZCA free medium. Selection of proline overproducing cell lines by in vitro mutagenesis was successful and seems to be useful for improvement of stress tolerance in this crop.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.534-538
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• 1997

Some physiological characteristics and cultivar differences of winter barley to salt stress were studied during seedling stage. Salt stress was caused by adding NaCl solution to the pot culture soil. Measurements of the responses to salt stress and of the responses after relief from stress were done in terms of leaf water potential, chlorophyll and free proline contents, seedling height and seedling dry weight, and survival rate of leaves. Under salt stress ($\Psi_{\pi}$ =-20bar) seedling height and seedling weight were decreased by 2~22% and by 25~39% respectively, showing some differences among cultivars. Chlorophyll contents was decreased by 33~49%, and free proline content was remarkably increased from control 0.2~0.3mg to salt stress 9.6~14.7mg. The leaf water potential of seedling grown under salt stress with NaCl solution($\Psi_{\pi}$ =-10 or -20bar) was decreased from control -3.3bar to salt stress -9.0bar or -16.2bar respectively but there were no large differences among cultivars with time after relief from salt stress. Leaf survival rate was high in order of Baegdong, Milyang12, Olbori, Durubori and Hyangmaeg, and decrease rate of seedling dry weight was low in the order of Baegdong, Olbori, Hyangmaeg, Milyang12, Durubori. The increase in free proline contents was high in the order of Milyang12, Hyangmaeg, Baegdong, Durubori and Olbori.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.469-480
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• 1996

Nitrogenous constituents in the extract of 3 species of raw and boiled crabs, tenner crab (Chionoeretes opilio elongatus), horsehair crab (Erimacrus isenbecki), and blue crab (Portunus trituberculatus) caught in the Korean adjacent sea, were analyzed and compared their compositions with the sex and the tissues, body meat, leg meat, and viscera. The crabs contained about 3％ of the extractive nitrogenous constituents in the tissues, meat and viscera. The free amino acid compositions were commonly featured a high content of arginine, taurine, proline, and glycine regardless of the differences in species and tissues. Free amino acids and quarternary bases were greatly increased in hot water extraction while nucleotides were slightly diminished. Glycine betaine and trimethylaminoxide were accounted for above 30% of the total extractive nitrogenous constituents. Arginine, taurine, proline, glycine, glycine betaine, and trimethylaminoxide which abundant in the meats and viscera of the crabs were estimated to greatly contribute directly or indirectly toward appearing the characteristic crabs taste.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 1997

To cope with increasing importance of water stress in food crop production, characteristics and cultivar differences in physiological responses of winter barley plants to water stress during seedling stage were studied employing three covered-barley, Milyang 12, Durubori, and Olbori, one naked-barley, Baekdong, and one two-row beer-barley, Hyangmaeg. Water stress was given to barley plants by withholding watering in soil-culture pots or by adding P.E.G. (polyethylene glycol, M. W. 4,000) to the nutrient culture solution. When water stress was imposed by withholding watering for 10 days to the seedlings grown in pot-soil for 10 days after emergence, leaf water potential of 5 cultivars was decreased almost to the same degree, from control -3.5 bar to the water stressed -26.6 bar. However, growth and some physiological responses were differently affected by cultivars: The plant height was decreased by 16-26％ : seedling dry weight by 25∼42％ ; chlorophyll content by 21∼39％ ; second leaf survival rate by 8∼18％ ; and free proline content per gram of leaf dry weight was increased from control 0.2∼0.5mg to the water stressed 5.8∼13.2mg. Drought resistances of 5 barley cultivars, based on the leaf survival rate and the decreased rate in seedling dry weight at the end of stress treatment, were high in the order of 3 covered-barley＞naked-barley＞two-row barley.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 1973

The results, which was analytically surveyed the free amino acids by the automatic amino acid analyzer adding the enzyme on the Korean cow's fore shank muscles, are as follows: 1. The content of free amino acids in the fore shank muscles, without addition of the enzyme orderly contains alanine, glutamic acid, lysine, glycine, histidine, leucine, threonine, arginine, cystine, serine, proline, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, methionine, aspartic acid and valine. 2. In accordance with the addition of the enzyme, by 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1% the nine free amino acids of glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine and arginine were continuosly increased. 3. Proline and histidine were decreased at the enzyme addition of 0.01% after showing the high content at the control, but the quantity of free amino acids was increased according to the increase of the quantity of the enzyme. 4. Aspartic acid, threonine, serine, methionine, tyrosine and phenylalanine were increased till the enzyme addition of 0.05% and remarkably decreased from 0.1%. 5. At cooking the meat, the quantity of the enzyme addition was most effective at 0.05% of meat weight.