• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2016

This study was conducted to observe the association between antioxidant enzyme activity, free iron content and lipid oxidation of Korean native chicken (KNC) meat during refrigerated storage. Four lines of KNC (Yeonsan ogye, Hyunin black, Hoengseong yakdak and Hwangbong) were raised under similar conditions. A total of 16 roosters were randomly sampled and slaughtered at the age of 12 mon. The breast and thigh meats were stored aerobically for 10 d at 4℃. Although thigh meat had higher antioxidant enzyme activity, it was more susceptible to lipid oxidation and released more iron during storage than breast meat. Aerobic refrigerated storage for 10 d significantly decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased the amount of free iron and malondialdehyde. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were negatively correlated with lipid oxidation, whereas that of catalase was not. The amount of free iron was positively associated with lipid oxidation. We concluded that chicken line did not affect strongly on antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid oxidation in breast meat of KNC. However, the thigh meat of Hwangbong and Hyunin black had higher SOD and GSH-Px activity, respectively, and lower malondialdehyde contents than that of other chickens. SOD, GSH-Px and free iron play significant roles in meat lipid oxidation during refrigerated storage.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.71-74
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• 2013

In the present study, we report that the charge-directed (assisted) peptide dissociation products, such as b- and y-type peptide backbone fragments, were the major products in MS/MS and $MS^3$ applications of some o-TEMPO-Bz-C(O)-peptide ions, while radical-driven dissociation products, such as a/x and c/z-type fragments, were previously shown to be the major products in the free radical initiated peptide sequencing mass spectrometry (FRIPS MS). Those o-TEMPO-Bz-C(O)-peptides share a common feature in their sequences, that is, the peptides do not include an arginine residue that has the highest proton affinity among free amino acids. The appearance of b- and y-type fragments as major products in FRIPS MS can be understood in terms of the so-called "mobile-proton model". When the proton is highly mobilized by the absence of arginine, the chare-directed peptide dissociation pathways appear to be more competitive than the radical-driven dissociation pathways, in our FRIPS experiments.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.659-669
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• 2022

In this paper we introduce the notion of universal free product for operator systems and operator spaces, and prove extension results for the operator system lifting property (OSLP) and operator system local lifting property (OSLLP) to the universal free product.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.353-372
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• 2008

The economic development system of Korea is based on export-oriented strategy and the free trade agreement. So Korea is trying to conclude the free trade agreement with China, Japan, and EU. The reason is that Korea will have more chances to develop there economy scale and trade surplus, but it will give the worst economic situation. The research showed that the effects of FTA on Korea's GDP will be much greater than China's and Korea's trade surplus with China will expand in the manufacturing sector, but agricultural and marine products are layed in opposite situation. Especially comparing with other Provincial, Gwangju Jeonnam has a relative importance portion of agricultural and marine products. So, Gwangju Jeonnam have to prepare the effects of agricultural and marine products under the Korea China FTA.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.71-90
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• 2004

According to this study, overall economic impacts of the FTA between Korea and Singapore upon fish and fishery products of our country were likely to be very small and insignificant. When the tariff on fish and fishery products between the two borders were completely eliminated, if no roundabout exports from other ASEAN countries were practicing, then this study calculated that the increase of imports from Singapore in the 12 chief items was estimated to be only about 250,000kg, which comes to the amount of 1.1 billion won. The 12 items used here account for over 90% imports of fish and fishery products from Singapore. This study also revealed that imports of fish and fishery products from Singapore would be substituted for domestic products more than 100,000kg in the 7 items produced domestically. The substitution effect represents fishermen's demage by replacing domestic products by imports in terms of income which comes to the amount of 438 million won. As the results of the study shows, establishing an FTA between the two countries will not exert so much adverse effects on our fisheries because relative importance of fish and fishery products in both countries are very small. But the contents of the agreement on fish and fishery products between the two countries are very important, as concluding the negotiation and signing the agreement between Korea and Singapore would be a precedent in future negotiations with other asian countries, especially with China and ASEAN countries.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.333-338
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• 1985

In this experiment, the contents of free amino acids, and nucleotides and their related compounds of dried cod products were analysed by amino acid autoanalyzer and HPLC. Proline, histidine, lysine and alanine were dominant amino acids in raw extracts, having $65.4\%$ of total free amino acid contents, but the contents of aspartic acid, serine, isoleucine and phenylalanine were low, and methionine, tyrosine and arginine were detected in trace amount. In free amino acid composition of dried products, abundant amino acids were glycine, histidine, lysine, proline and alanine. Such amino acid as aspartic acid, methionine, tyrosine and phenylalanine were poor. In extracts of storage sample, most free amino acids were increased in both sun dried products and hot air dried products, and glycine, histidine, lysine, proline and alanine were abundant amino acid, such amino acid as methionine, tyrosine and phenylalanine were poor. In raw cod, inosine and IMP were dominant contents which 18.5, $10.0{\mu}mole/g$ on dry base, respectively, but the contents of ATP, ADP, hypoxanthine and AMP were detected less than $3.2{\mu}mole/g$. ATP and ADP were decreased while IMP, inosine and hypoxanthine were increased during drying and storage of cod.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.356-359
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• 2000

The study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of seeds and various seed fractions of different varieties of cotton (MNH 147, CIM 240, NIAB 78, FH 87, CIM 109, MNH 93, FH 682, GOHAR 87, SLS I and B 557). Linter, hull, kernel and meal were obtained from cottonseed by physical and chemical methods. Free gossypol and available lysine contents of seed and it's fractions were determined. In vitro protein digestibility of cottonseed meal was also determined. Free gossypol and available lysine contents ranged between 0.22-2.26% and 0.64-1.32% in seed, and 0.03-0.29% and 1.38-2.36% in meal, respectively. FH 87 was highest both in free gossypol and available lysine content, and NIAB 78 was lowest in free gossypol content and FH 862 was lowest in available lysine content. In vitro protein digestibility of cottonseed meal ranged between 66,02-79,96%. Statistical analysis revealed significant (p<0.05) varietal differences in free gossypol, available lyslne and in vitro protein digestibility of cottonseed and derived products.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6299-6302
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• 2015

Background: The rise in consumption of tobacco products among youth is a public health concern in India. Several studies have shown that advertisements promoting tobacco products influence decisions and behaviour of youth towards smoking. Objective: To ascertain which method of Tobacco Advertising, Promotion and Sponsorship (TAPS) was more influential for initiating tobacco use in youth in India. Materials and Methods: The secondary data of youth (15-24 years) from nationally representative Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2009-2010 was analyzed. Odds ratio and p-value were used to know the association between TAPS and initiation of use of tobacco products among youth. Logistic regression was used to determine the most significant means of TAPS altering the youth's behaviour towards tobacco products. Results: Out of 13,383 youths, 1,982 (14.7%) used smokeless forms of tobacco and 860 (6.38%) used smoke forms. Logistic regression reveals that promotional activities mainly through cinemas (p<0.05) and providing free samples of tobacco products (p < = .001) were most influential means of initiating consumption of tobacco products among youth. Conclusions: The smoking in youth is associated with watching advertisements particularly in cinema and promotional activities like distribution of free samples, coupons and sales on the price of tobacco products. Stronger legislative measures should be enforced to curb promotional advertisements in cinemas and distribution of free samples.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1996

Ritchken(1985) analyzes free replacement and pro-rata warranty policies for products receiving renewable warranies. He shows that for constant failure rates pro-rata warranty policies are more attractive to risk-averse manufacturers than shorter term free replacement policies that result in the same average warranty cost. This paper considers the case when product lifetimes distributions are of phase-type. When this is so, Ritchken's performance measures can be simplified considerably. It is found, that irrespective of the pattern of failure rates, pro-rata warranty policies are preferable to free replacement policies. But the warranty period of the equivalent free replacement policy decreases and then increases, as product reliability(the average time between failures) increases.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2007

A group G is called cyclic subgroup separable for the cyclic subgroup H if for each $x\;{\in}\;G{\backslash}H$, there exists a normal subgroup N of finite index in G such that $x\;{\not\in}\;HN$. Clearly a cyclic subgroup separable group is residually finite. In this note we show that certain polygonal products of cyclic subgroup separable groups amalgamating normal subgroups are again cyclic subgroup separable. We then apply our results to polygonal products of polycyclic-by-finite groups and free-by-finite groups.