• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2006

The chemical components, lipid class, and fatty acid composition of muscle from male and female common squid, Todarodes pacificus, were examined to evaluate the potential utilization of muscle from fin, head, arms, and tentacles, which consumers usually like less than the mantle. The mantle was found to constitute 47-49% of the total muscle and the proportion was slightly higher in females than in males. For the remaining 51-53% of the muscle, the only gender difference was that the arms of males contained approximately 3% more muscle than those of females (P<0.05). The protein content was higher in the mantle, arms, and tentacles than in the fin and head in both males and females (P<0.05), and was slightly higher in males (15.7-20.7%) than in females (15.1-19.2%). By contrast, the lipid content was slightly higher in females (1.82-2.54%) than in males (1.01-2.37%), and the fins in both males and females contained the most lipids (2.37-2.54%) of all muscle. The prominent lipid classes in the muscles were free sterol (males 81.5-91.9% vs. females 84.9-91.8% for the non-polar lipid content), phosphatidylcholine (PC, males 59.3-62.4% vs. females 49.2-57.8% for the phospholipid content) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, males 22.0-28.8% vs. females 25.6-33.8% for the phospholipid content). The percentage of PC was approximately 5-10% higher in males (P<0.05), especially in the fin, while that of PE was approximately 3-5% higher in female (P<0.05), especially in the head. All of the squid muscle contained 52.1-54.9% of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Males contained slightly more DHA, whereas female contained more EPA. The total percentage of n-3 PUFA differed little among muscles within the same gender.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.377-383
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• 1998

서울, 부산을 비롯한 전국 9개도의 일반가정에서 전통적인 재래식 방법으로 제조한 청국장 67점을 수집하여 이화학적 품질특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 전통청국장의 전국 평균 수분함량은 55.0%, 조단백질 17.6%, 조지방 3.3%, 당질 13.3%, 조섬유 4.9%, 회분 5.8%, 아미노태 질소함량은 0.23%, pH는 7.21이었고 지역간에는 약간의 차이가 있었다. 전통청국장의 전국 평균적인 지방산 조성은 linoleic acid가 53.8%로 함량이 가장 많았고 그 다음은oleic 21.1%, palmitic 12.4%, linolenic 9.0%, stearic acid 3.7%으로 나타났다. 아미노산은 총 17종이 검출되었으며 이중 glutamic acid가 가장 많이 존재하였으며 다음으로는 aspartic acid, leucine등이 많이 함유되었고 cysteine과 methionine은 극소량에 불과했고 각 지역간의 차이는 미미하였다. 청국장의 유리당은 전국 평균 총함량이 3.3%였고 sucrose와 galactose가 각각 1.1%, 0.6%로 대부분을 차지하였다. 이외에 glucose, fructose, raffinose, stachyose가 소량 존재하였으며 지역간에는 제주지역이 가장 많이 검출된 반면 충북지역은 가장 적게 검출되었다. 전국 평균 유기산 총함량 882.9 mg이었고 유기산 함량은 citric, acetic, lactic, malonic, succinic, formic, tartaric acid순으로 적었으며 이중 citric, malonic, acetic acid만이 전 지역에서 검출되었다. 청국장의 외적 품질의 척도가 되는 색도의 전국 평균치는 L(lightness)값 49.1, a(redness)값 6.7, b(yellowness)값 19.2로서 우수한 편이었고 물성중 경도는 $8.3kg/{\Phi}20\;mm$이었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.192-199
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• 2014

The effects of adding mechanically deboned chicken (MDC) hydrolysates on the quality characteristics of imitation crab stick (ICS) during storage were investigated. ICS was prepared from Alaska Pollack, chicken breast surimi, and protein hydrolysates enzymatically extracted from MDC. ICS samples were divided into 4 groups: without protein hydrolysate (control), added with 0.5% protein hydrolysate (T1), added with 1.0% protein hydrolysate (T2), and added with 1.5% protein hydrolysate (T3). Results showed that crude protein content did not differ significantly among the ICS samples (p>0.05). ICS sample added with MDC hydrolysates had higher crude fat and ash content but lower moisture content than the control (p<0.05). Lightness was significantly lower in T2 and T3 than in the other groups at 0 and 4 wk of storage. Also, whiteness decreased in the groups contained MDC hydrolysates. Breaking force and jelly strength were higher in samples containing MDC hydrolysates compared to control samples (p<0.05). Additionally, saturated fatty acid contents were lower in the groups containing MDC hydrolysates than in control sample groups (p<0.05). Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and essential fatty acids (EFA) were significantly higher in T2 and T3 than the control samples. In particular, all samples containing MDC hydrolysates had reduced thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values at 4 wk. Free radical scavenging activity also was increased with addition of MDC hydrolysates.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.627-633
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• 1995

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of various dietary vitamin $B_6$ levels on conversion from linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in various tissues in growing chicks. Growing chicks were fed the purified diet containing 7% safflower oil with different levels of vitamin $B_6$ (0, 4, 8, 40, 80 mg per kg diet) for 14 days. Feed intake and weight gain in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet were markedly depressed. Esterified and free cholesterol concentrations in serum were significantly higher, while the serum triglyceride concentration was significantly lover in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet compared to that fed diets with vitamin $B_6$. The liver triglyceride content was also lower in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet. The liver and serum cholesterol ester fractions in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet showed higher rate of $C_{18:2n6}$ and lower rates of $C_{18:3n6}$, $C_{20:3n6}$ and $C_{20:4n6}$ as compared with vitamin $B_6$ fed groups. In serum phospholipid fraction of chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet, rates of $C_{20:3n6}$ and $C_{20:4n6}$ were markedly lower. As dietary vitamin $B_6$ level was increased, the rate of $C_{20:4n6}$ was slightly increased, although it was statistically not significant. The fatty acid compositions of adipose tissue showed almost the same pattern as those in liver and serum. This result suggests that the desaturation of $C_{18:2n6}$ to $C_{18:3n6}$, elongation to $C_{20:3n6}$ or both steps might be impaired by vitamin $B_6$ deficiency in growing chicks.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권
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• pp.140-149
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• 2002

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is probably the most ancient oilseed crop known in the world. Sesame seed is known for its high nutritional value and for having oil (51%) and protein (20%) content. The fatty acid composition of sesame oil is palmitic acid (7.8%), stearic acid (3.6%), oleic acid (45.3%), and linoleic acid (37.7%). Sesame oil is characterized by a very high oxidative stability compared with other vegetable oils. Two lignan-type compounds, sesamin and sesamolin, are the major constituents of sesame oil unsaponifiables. Sesamol (a sesamolin derivative) can be present in sesame seeds and oils in very small amount. Other lignans and sesamol are also present in sesame seeds and oils in very small amount as aglycones. Lipid oxidation activity was significantly lower in the sesamolin-fed rats, which suggests that sesamolin and its metabolites contribute to the antioxidative properties of sesame seeds and oil and support that sesame lignans reduce susceptibility to oxidative stress. Sesaminols strongly inhibit lipid peroxidation related to their ability to scavenge free radical. The sesame seed lignan act synergistically with vitamin I in rats fed a low $\alpha$-tocopherol diet and cause a marked increase in a u-tocopherol concentration in the blood and tissue of rats fed an $\alpha$-tocopherol containing diet with sesame seed or its lignan. The authors are reviewed and discussed for present status and prospects of quality evaluation and researched in sesame seeds to provide and refers the condensed informations on their quality.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.805-825
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• 2023

This experiment aims to investigate the impact of probiotic feed on growth performance, carcass traits, plasma lipid biochemical parameters, intramuscular fat and triglyceride content, fatty acid composition, mRNA expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism, and the activity of the enzyme in Sunit sheep. In this experiment, 12 of 96 randomly selected Sunit sheep were assigned to receive the basic diet or the basic diet supplemented with probiotics. The results showed that supplementation with probiotics significantly increased the loin eye area, and decreased plasma triglycerides and free fatty acids, increasing the content of intramuscular fat and triglycerides in the muscle and improving the composition of the fatty acids. The inclusion of probiotics in the diet reduced the expression of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha 2 (AMPKα2) mRNA and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) mRNA, while increasing the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACCα) mRNA, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA, fatty acid synthase mRNA, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 mRNA. The results of this study indicate that supplementation with probiotics can regulate fat deposition and improves the composition of fatty acids in Sunit sheep through the signaling pathways AMPK-ACC-CPT1B and AMPK-SREBP-1c. This regulatory mechanism leads to an increase in intramuscular fat content, a restructuring of muscle composition of the fatty acids, and an enhancement of the nutritional value of meat. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the food science of animal resources and provide valuable references for the production of meat of higher nutritional value.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2013

콜라비의 생리활성 기능과 이용 가능성에 관한 연구의 일환으로 콜라비 가식부와 껍질의 이화학적 성분을 비교 분석하였다. 건물량 기준으로 콜라비 가식부와 껍질의 일반성분은 조지방과 조회분 함량은 비슷하였으나, 콜라비 껍질이 조단백질과 탄수화물 함량이 높았다. 총 유리당 함량은 콜라비 가식부가 껍질에 비하여 높았고, 콜라비 가식부와 껍질 모두 유리당 중 glucose 함량이 가장 높았으며, fructose, ribose, mannose, galactose 순이었다. 콜라비 가식부와 껍질 모두 검출된 16종의 구성아미노산 중 glutamic acid 함량이 가장 높았고, 유리아미노산은 proline 함량이 높았다. 콜라비 가식부와 껍질의 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid 등이며, 콜라비 가식부가 껍질에 비하여 불포화지방산 함량이 높았다. 유기산 함량은 콜라비 껍질이 가식부에 비하여 10% 정도 높았고, 가식부와 껍질 모두 oxalic acid 함량이 가장 높았다. 콜라비 가식부는 비타민 C와 비타민 E 함량이 각각 231.36 mg/100 g와 0.17 mg/100 g 이고, 콜라비 껍질은 402.74 mg/100 g와 0.24 mg/100 g로 검출되었다. 총 무기질 함량은 콜라비 껍질이 콜라비 가식부에 비해서 높았고, 무기질 중 K 함량이 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 Ca, Mg, Na 순이었고, Fe, Zn, Mn 등은 미량으로 검출되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.74-79
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• 1976

국내에서 다수확품종으로 육성된 Indica형 장려품종인 통일미(米)와 Japonica형 재래 장려품종인 진흥미(米)를 $5^{\circ}C$와 $30^{\circ}C$에 6개월 저장한 후 기호특성(嗜好特性) 및 지질(脂質)성분의 변화를 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 최적가수율로 취반(炊飯)한 미반(米飯)의 texture특성은 어느 경우에나 저장에 의하여 hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess의 증가와 adhesiveness의 감소를 보였으며, 관능검사 결과는 두 품종이 모두 $5^{\circ}C$에 저장한 경우는 별 이상이 없었으나, $30^{\circ}C$에 저장한 경우 고미취(古米臭)가 발생하였고 진흥미의 경우 끈기가 현저히 감소하였다. 저장전 시료에서 지질(脂質)을 분별추출한 결과, 유리지질(遊離脂質)은 결합지질(結合脂質)의 5배나 되었으며 통일미는 진흥미의 $70{\sim}80%$에 해당하였다. 저장중 결합지질은 소량씩 증가 하는 경향이 있었으나, 유리지질은 $5^{\circ}C$저장의 경우 두 품종이 모두 증가하는 경향을 보인 반면 $30^{\circ}C$ 저장의 경우 통일미에서는 증가하나 진흥미에서는 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 저장 전 시료에서 추출정제한 유리지질에서는 triglyceride, free fatty acid, sterol ester를 주성분으로 하는 9개 성분을 확인하였고, 결합지질에서는 free fatty acid, sterol ester를 주성분으로 하는 8개 성분을 확인하였다. 저장중 유리지질은 결합지질보다 그리고 진흥미는 통일미보다 지질성분의 변화가 더욱 심하였다. 결국 통일미는 진흥미보다 저장성이 우수하며 저장중 변질(變質)은 주로 유리지질에서 발생함을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.1069-1075
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• 2009

외식산업에서의 붕장어 이용성 증대에 기여하고자 계절에 따른 일반성분, 지방산, 핵산관련성분 및 아미노산의 변화를 분석하였다. 여름철 붕장어의 조지방 함량이 3.2%로 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 이는 붕장어의 산란기에 따른 영향으로 생각된다. 지방산 조성 중 포화지방산인 palmitic acid, stearic acid, 단일불포화지방산인 oleic acid, palmitoleic acid 그리고 다가불포화지방산인 DHA, EPA가 주요 지방산으로 확인되었다. 전체 지방산 중 oleic acid가 36.76$\sim$45.11%로 가장 높은 함량을 차지하였고, 다가불포화지방산의 조성비가 봄에서 겨울로 갈수록 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 그러나 지방산 조성비의 계절적 차이는 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 핵산관련성분 중 맛에 직접적인 영향을 주는 IMP(3.617$\sim$5.524 $\mu$ mol/g)와 Hx(0.913$\sim$2.238 $\mu$ mol/g) 그리고 무미의 HxR(0.625$\sim$1.652 $\mu$mol/g)이 ATP(0.058$\sim$0.083 $\mu$mol/g), ADP(0.145$\sim$0.161 $\mu$mol/g), AMP(0.166$\sim$0.179 $\mu$mol/g)보다 높은 함량을 보였으며, 어류의 지미성분인 IMP와 Hx의 함량이 7.219 $\mu$mol/g으로 겨울에 가장 높게 나타났다. 아미노산 중 glutamic acid(14,178.7$\sim$7,802.6 mg%), aspartic acid(4,669.2$\sim$8,259.0 mg%), lysine(4,198.3$\sim$7,540.8mg%), leucine(3,843.6$\sim$6,782.1 mg%) 등이 주요 구성아미노산으로, histidine(199.6$\sim$644.4 mg%), glycine(94.8$\sim$152.2 mg%), alanine(35.3$\sim$71.2 mg%), glutamic acid (44.1$\sim$70.6 mg%) 등이 주요 유리아미노산으로 확인되었으며, 정미물질 중 맛과 관련 있는 유리아미노산의 총량은 여름철과 겨울철에 각각 1,179.2과 1,605.2 mg%로 높게 나타났다. 어류의 주요 정미성분의 함량으로 확인한 결과 핵산관련성분은 겨울철이, 유리아미노산은 여름철이 가장 많았으나 이들 정미성분의 함량이 특정 계절에만 높게 나타나지는 않았다. 따라서 붕장어의 맛은 정미관련성분들과 관련이 크지만 단순히 정미성분만이 아닌 다른 여러 성분과의 복합적인 상호작용에 의한 결과라고 생각된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.461-473
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• 2020

The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of various supplementary feeds on the chemical composition and production of bioactive substances in Protaetia brevitarsis larvae. The primary feed-oak-fermented sawdust-was supplemented with a variety of substances, including aloe, apple, banana, sweet persimmon (S. persimmon) and sweet pumpkin (S. pumpkin). Crude protein and fat content were the highest in the control and S. pumpkin group, respectively. Supplementary feeds increased the content of unsaturated fatty acids, except in the group receiving S. pumpkin, in which oleic acid was the most abundant (58.2%-64.5%). Free essential amino acids in larvae receiving supplementary aloe were higher compared with the control group except for Lys and His. Polyphenol and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant activities of ABTS and DPPH were higher in all treated groups compared with the control group. Although supplementary feeds led to a decreased crude protein content in the treated larvae when compared with the control group, these treatments generally improved the levels of unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidative activity. Therefore, we suggest that among the supplementary foods tested, aloe is a better resource for P. brevitarsis based on crude protein content, free amino acids and other bioactive compounds such as unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants.