• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2014

There are many image processing based algorithms and applications that fail when illumination change occurs. Therefore, the illumination change has to be detected then the illumination change occurred images need to be enhanced in order to keep the appropriate algorithm processing in a reality. In this paper, a new method for detecting illumination changes efficiently in a real time by using local region information and fuzzy logic is introduced. The effective way for detecting illumination changes in lighting area and the edge of the area was selected to analyze the mean and variance of the histogram of each area and to reflect the changing trends on previous frame's mean and variance for each area of the histogram. The ways are used as an input. The changes of mean and variance make different patterns w hen illumination change occurs. Fuzzy rules were defined based on the patterns of the input for detecting illumination changes. Proposed method was tested with different dataset through the evaluation metrics; in particular, the specificity, recall and precision showed high rates. An automatic parameter selection method was proposed for contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization method by using entropy of image through adaptive neural fuzzy inference system. The results showed that the contrast of images could be enhanced. The proposed algorithm is robust to detect global illumination change, and it is also computationally efficient in real applications.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.2_2
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• pp.351-375
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• 2018

This paper aims to i) introduce the characteristics of HF ocean radar and the major results and information produced by the radar networks in the Korean coasts to the readers, ii) make an up-to-date inventory of the existing radar systems, and iii) share the information related to the radar operating skill and the ocean current data application. The number of ocean radars has been showing a significant growth over the past 20 years, currently deploying more than 44 radars in the Korean coasts. Most of radars are in operation at the present time for the purposes related to the marine safety, tidal current forecast and understanding of ocean current dynamics, mainly depending on the mission of each organization operating radar network. We hope this overview paper may help expand the applicability of the ocean radar to fisheries, leisure activity on the sea, ocean resource management, oil spill response, coastal environment restoration, search and rescue, and vessel detection etc., beyond the level of understanding of tidal and ocean current dynamics. Additionally we hope this paper contributes further to the surveillance activity on our ocean territory by founding a national ocean radar network frame and to the domestic development of ocean radar system including signal processing technology.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 1993

Alterations of the p53 gene arc among the most frequent genetic changes in human cancer and often result in increased levels of p53 protein within the malignant cells. Detection of accumulated p53 protein can be a useful prognostic tool in human cancer. In order to make polyclonal antibodies for immunohistochemical screening. human p53 gene was expressed in E. coli in the form of GST (glutathione S-transfi.:rase) fusion proteins. Two p53 gene fragments. which were N('()I small fragment encoding amino acid residues of 1-151-: and Ncol large fragment of 159-393. were subeloned into the unique BamHI site present within the pGEX-2T vector using BamHI linker and recombinant plasmids pGTNS and pGTNL were constructed. respectively. The p53 cDNA fragment (from pC53-$SN_3$,) encoding amino acid 38-145 (proline at residue 72) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The amplified DNA was digested with BamHI and Prull and inserted into the BamHI-Smal sites of pG EX-2T and recombinant plasmid pGTBP was constructed. After IPTG induction of these plasmids for 4 hours. fusion proteins were purified from E. coli extracts with glutathione Sepharose beads. The bound proteins were resolved by 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the molecular weights were 54 kDa. 53 kDa and 40 kDa. respectively. Approximately one milligram of fusion proteins were purified from 1 -liter cultures.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 2000

It is sometimes necessary to remove the captions and recover original images from video images already broadcast, When the number of images requiring such recovery is small, manual processing is possible, but as the number grows it would be very difficult to do it manually. Therefore, a method for recovering original image for the caption areas in needed. Traditional research on image restoration has focused on restoring blurred images to sharp images using frequency filtering or video coding for transferring video images. This paper proposes a method for automatically recovering original image using BMA(Block Matching Algorithm). We extract information on caption regions and scene change that is used as a prior-knowledge for recovering original image. From the result of caption information detection, we know the start and end frames of captions in video and the character areas in the caption regions. The direction for the recovery is decided using information on the scene change and caption region(the start and end frame for captions). According to the direction, we recover the original image by performing block matching for character components in extracted caption region. Experimental results show that the case of stationary images with little camera or object motion is well recovered. We see that the case of images with motion in complex background is also recovered.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.279-282
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• 2017

Kinect depth sensor, a depth camera developed by Microsoft as a natural user interface for game appeared as a very useful tool in computer vision field. In this paper, due to kinect's depth sensor and its high frame rate, we developed a distance measurement system using Kinect camera to test it for unmanned vehicles which need vision systems to perceive the surrounding environment like human do in order to detect objects in their path. Therefore, kinect depth sensor is used to detect objects in its field of view and enhance the distance measurement system from objects to the vision sensor. Detected object is identified in accuracy way to determine if it is a real object or a pixel nose to reduce the processing time by ignoring pixels which are not a part of a real object. Using depth segmentation techniques along with Open CV library for image processing, we can identify present objects within Kinect camera's field of view and measure the distance from them to the sensor. Tests show promising results that this system can be used as well for autonomous vehicles equipped with low-cost range sensor, Kinect camera, for further processing depending on the application type when they reach a certain distance far from detected objects.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.2C
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• pp.192-199
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• 2008

In ultra-wideband (UWB) systems, conventionally, the synchronization is to align time phases of a locally generated template and any of multipath components to within an allowable range. However, the synchronization with a low-power multipath component could incur significant performance degradation in receiver operation (e.g., detection) after the synchronization. On the other hand, the synchronization with a high-power multipath component can improve the performance in receiver operation after the synchronization. Generally, the first one among multipath components has the largest power. Thus, the synchronization with the first path component can make better performance than that with low-power component in receiver operation after the synchronization, Based on which, we first propose an optimal decision rule based on a maximum likelihood (ML) approach, and then, develope a simpler suboptimal decision rule for selecting the first path component. Simulation results show that the system has good demodulation performance, which uses new synchronization definition and the proposed decision rules have better performance than that of the conventional decision rule in UWB multipath channels. Between macroblocks in the previous and the current frame. On video samples with high motion and scene change cases, experimental results show that (1) the proposed algorithm adapts the encoded bitstream to limited channel capacity, while existing algorithms abruptly excess the limit bit rate; (2) the proposed algorithm improves picture quality with $0.4{\sim}0.9$dB in average.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.749-754
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• 2011

In this study, we propose the design of optimized pRBFNNs-based face recognition system using two-dimensional Image and ASM algorithm. usually the existing 2 dimensional face recognition methods have the effects of the scale change of the image, position variation or the backgrounds of an image. In this paper, the face region information obtained from the detected face region is used for the compensation of these defects. In this paper, we use a CCD camera to obtain a picture frame directly. By using histogram equalization method, we can partially enhance the distorted image influenced by natural as well as artificial illumination. AdaBoost algorithm is used for the detection of face image between face and non-face image area. We can butt up personal profile by extracting the both face contour and shape using ASM(Active Shape Model) and then reduce dimension of image data using PCA. The proposed pRBFNNs consists of three functional modules such as the condition part, the conclusion part, and the inference part. In the condition part of fuzzy rules, input space is partitioned with Fuzzy C-Means clustering. In the conclusion part of rules, the connection weight of RBFNNs is represented as three kinds of polynomials such as constant, linear, and quadratic. The essential design parameters (including learning rate, momentum coefficient and fuzzification coefficient) of the networks are optimized by means of Differential Evolution. The proposed pRBFNNs are applied to real-time face image database and then demonstrated from viewpoint of the output performance and recognition rate.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2014

In this study, a real-time evaluation system for quantitative dynamic fitting during pedaling was developed. The system is consisted of LED markers, a digital camera connected to a computer and a marker detecting program. LED markers are attached to hip, knee, ankle joint and fifth metatarsal in the sagittal plane. Playstation3 eye which is selected as a main digital camera in this paper has many merits for using motion capture, such as high FPS (Frame per second) about 180FPS, $320{\times}240$ resolution, and low-cost with easy to use. The maker detecting program was made by using Labview2010 with Vision builder. The program was made up of three parts, image acquisition & processing, marker detection & joint angle calculation, and output section. The digital camera's image was acquired in 95FPS, and the program was set-up to measure the lower-joint angle in real-time, providing the user as a graph, and allowing to save it as a test file. The system was verified by pedalling at three saddle heights (knee angle: 25, 35, $45^{\circ}$) and three cadences (30, 60, 90 rpm) at each saddle heights by using Holmes method, a method of measuring lower limbs angle, to determine the saddle height. The result has shown low average error and strong correlation of the system, respectively, $1.18{\pm}0.44^{\circ}$, $0.99{\pm}0.01^{\circ}$. There was little error due to the changes in the saddle height but absolute error occurred by cadence. Considering the average error is approximately $1^{\circ}$, it is a suitable system for quantitative dynamic fitting evaluation. It is necessary to decrease error by using two digital camera with frontal and sagittal plane in future study.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.23-35
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• 2006

This work presents o novel method which extract facial region und features from motion picture automatically and controls the 3D facial expression in real time. To txtract facial region and facial feature points from each color frame of motion pictures a new nonparametric skin color model is proposed rather than using parametric skin color model. Conventionally used parametric skin color models, which presents facial distribution as gaussian-type, have lack of robustness for varying lighting conditions. Thus it needs additional work to extract exact facial region from face images. To resolve the limitation of current skin color model, we exploit the Hue-Tint chrominance components and represent the skin chrominance distribution as a linear function, which can reduce error for detecting facial region. Moreover, the minimal facial feature positions detected by the proposed skin model are adjusted by using edge information of the detected facial region along with the proportions of the face. To produce the realistic facial expression, we adopt Water's linear muscle model and apply the extended version of Water's muscles to variation of the facial features of the 3D face. The experiments show that the proposed approach efficiently detects facial feature points and naturally controls the facial expression of the 3D face model.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.179-192
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• 2019

Additional frequencies are allocated in maritime digital data exchange to alleviate overload of the VHF data link. The shipborne ad-hoc network (SANET) for this frequencies was subsequently proposed, which provides various IP-based services to ships on behalf of satellite communications. In SANET, a ship should determine its own IP address to achieve IP connectivity to the shore. Accordingly, this paper proposes a SANET configuration (SANETconf) protocol as an IP configuration protocol. SANETconf propagates non-overlapping IP addresses across the network from the shore to ships. A ship obtains its IP address by exchanging Request and Response messages with its neighbors. Therefore, SANETconf eliminates the process of DAD and managing the movement of ships. Extensive simulations were performed to verify the applicability of SANETconf. Based on results, 85% of the ships can determine their own IP address within one frame. Also, SANETconf has a high resource efficiency by using 0.024 percent of resources for IP configuration.