• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1083-1089
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• 2008

We investigated the molecular epidemiological characteristic of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from stool samples in Busan from 2004 to 2006. Among 142 isolates of S. aureus, 49 isolates (34.5%) were confirmed as MRSA. With the antimicrobial susceptibility tests, 37 isolates (75.5%) showed multiple resistance to more than 10 antibiotics, but all isolates were sensitive to vancomycin. All of MRSA had enterotoxin A in 30.6%, B 4.1%, C 8.3%, D, C/G, A 2.0% and None 51%. PFGE of SmaI-digested chromosomal DNA was performed on 49 sporadic MRSA isolates. Restriction fragment patterns consisted of 8 to 14 fragments ranged in size from 48.5 to 630.5 kbp. We could divided the isolates into 7 groups ($I{\sim}VII$) by analyzing PFGE patterns. Group I subdivided as 2 subgroups and 17 (34.7%) strains belong to the group I. Dendrogram of PFGE patterns showed that MRSA strains in Busan were heterogeneous but we could find out minor homogeneity in hospital.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2002

Objectives: Most of human cancers may result from exposure to environmental carcinogens, and individual effectiveness in the detoxification of these chemicals will influence susceptibility to malignant disease. Glutathione S-Transferases(GSTs) enzymes are involved in the detoxification of active metabolites of many carcinogens from tobacco smoke and may be important in modulating susceptibility to smoke-related cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine the polymorphism of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 in control group and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma group of Korean, and to investigate the effect of GSTs polymorphism on the risk of head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was performed with a group of 133 control individual and 136 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. The polymorphisms of GSTs were analysed using polymerase chain reaction in GSTM1 and GSTTl, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in GSTP1. Results: The relative risk (odds ratio) of GSTM(-) genotype was 1.14(95% CI, 0.70-1.85) compared to GSTM1(+). The odds ratio of GSTTl(-) genotype was 0.91(95% CI, 0.55-1.50). In old age($65$) group, the odds ratio of GSTT1(-) genotype was 5.2(95% CI, 1.53-17.89). The GSTP1 Val/Val genotype conferred a 1.7-fold risk(95% CI, 0.40-7.34) of head and neck cancer compared with GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotype. Among the combined genotypes of GSTs, GSTM1(-)/GSTT1(+)/GSTP1 Val/Val and GSTM1(-)/GSTTl(-)/GSTP1 Ile/Val genotypes conferred a 2.6-fold and 1.3-fold risk(95% CI, 0.24-14.15 and 0.43-3.14) compared with the GSTM1(+)/GSTTl(+)/GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotype, respectively. Conclusion: Polymorphism of GSTs might modulate susceptibility to head and neck cancer in Korean population. The genotype of GSTP1 Val/Val and combined genotypes of GSTM1(-)/GSTT1(+)/GSTP1 Val/Val, and GSTM1(-)/GSTT1(-)/GSTP1 Ile/Val might be important risk factors to determine the individual susceptibility to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2005

To search of a new porcine pheromonal odorants for biostimulation control system technologies to offer a potentially useful and practical way to improve reproductive efficiency in livestock species, the holographic quantitative structure activity relationship (HQSAR) model between odorants, 2-phenoxytetrahydrofurane (A), 2-cyclohexyl-oxytetrahydrofurane (B), derivatives and binding affinity constants (p[Od.]/sub 50/) for porcine odorant-binding protein (pOBP) as receptor of pig pheromones were derivated and disscused. The binding affinity constants of cyclohexyl substituents (A) for pOBP were higher (A>B) than that of phenyl substituents (B). It was revealed that the optimum HQSAR model XI using PLS analyses had a fragment length (5∼8) with chirality at 5 components and hologram length 97 bin, which had a cross-validated q²(predictablities) of 0.916, and a conventional correlation coefficient r² (fitness) of 0.988, respectively. From the atomic contribution, the C3 and C5 atom in 2-oxyfuryl group contributed to binding affinity constants, whereas the central carbon atom in tert-butyl group on the cyclohexyl ring and the C4 atom of furyl group parts showed no contribution.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.371-378
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• 1997

Human lactoferrin (hLF) was expressed in the mammary gland of transgenic mice. Expresion of hLF was achieved by palcing its cDNA under the control of bovine $\beta$-casein gene. To improve the hLF expression level, two artificial introns were introduced into the expression vector. One intron is a hybrid-splice consisting of bovine $\beta$ casein intron 1 and rabbit $\beta$-casem intron II. The other intron is a DNA fragment spanning intron 8 of bovine $\beta$ casein gene. Trans sgenic mice were developed which expressed hLF in their milk. Twenty lines of transgenic mice were produced. hLF was present in the milk at concentrations of 1 ~ 200 ${\mu}\textrm{g}$ / ml. hLF RNA was only detected in the mammary gland of transgenic mice. The expressed RNA was cor r rectly spliced at the exon /intron junctions. To generate transgenic cows secreting active hLF in their milk, we transferred the DNA-injected bovine embryos to recipient heifers by surgical a and non-surgical methods out of 68 embryos transferred to 51 recipients by surgical or non-surgical method, 7 calves were normally born. Effect of embryo quality of DNA-injected blastocysts on pregnancy rate after transfer was investig a ated. Higher pregnancy rate of (38.9%) DNA-injected embryos was shown in excellent embryos. Pregnancy rates in the groups of good a and fair embryos were 15.4 and 14.3%, respectively. Effect of culture period of DNA-injected b bovine embryos on pregnancy rate after transfer was investigated. When Day-6 blastocysts of cuI ture were transferred, there was no pregnancy. Pregnancy rates of Day-7 and -8 blastocysts were 28.6 and 33.3%, respectively. There was no difference on pregnancy rate between Day-7 a and -8 bovine blastocysts after DNA injection. Thus, we established the techniques for transfer a and culture of DNA-injected bovine embryos. In a addition, factors affecting the pregnancy rate of DNA-injected embryos after transfer were investigated .

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.453-458
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• 1997

It is known that the incorporation of genes into transgenic mice is generally stable and is p passed on to succeeding generations in a Mendelian fashion. In this report, transgenic mice were set as a model to evaluate whether the transgenes are transmitted in a Mendelian principle in a successive generations and how they are tran s smitted into their offspring. A 3.0 kb linear DNA fragment, containing the MMTV LTR, bovine aSI casein cDNA and SV 40 splicing and polyadenylation site; was microinjected into fertilized mouse embryos. The tail DNAs of the resulting pups were subjected to dot and Southern hybridizations to screen transgenic founders. The DNAs of their offspring were anlyzed by PCR to confirm the transmission of the transgene from F0. Out of 72 live pups four pups (5.6%), 3 males and 1 female, were positive for the transgene. The rates of transmission from F0 into F1 were 33.3, 7.7, 0, and 62.5%. Those from F1 into F2 were 63.6, 5.9, and 68.8% and those from F2 into F3 were 85.7, and 88.2%. In this report, the transmission pattern of transgenes in transgenic mice into their offspring was demonstrated. It either follows or does not follow in a Mendelian fashion. Deletion or loss of the transgenes from F0 in some lines became apparant to the succeeding generations.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2012

Background: Therapeutic approaches using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against complement regulatory proteins (CRPs:i.e.,CD46,CD55 and CD59) have been reported for adjuvant cancer therapy. In this study, we generated a recombinant 1E8 single-chain anti-CD59 antibody (scFv-Fc) and tested anti-cancer effect.by using complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Methods: We isolated mRNA from 1E8 hybridoma cells and amplified the variable regions of the heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL) genes using reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using a linker, the amplified sequences for the heavy and light chains were each connected to the sequence for a single polypeptide chain that was designed to be expressed. The VL and VH fragments were cloned into the pOptiVEC-TOPO vector that contained the human CH2-CH3 fragment. Then, 293T cells were transfected with the 1E8 single-chain Fv-Fc (scFv-Fc) constructs. CD59 expression was evaluated in the prostate cancer cell lines using flow cytometry. The enhancement of CDC effect by mouse 1E8 and 1E8 scFv-Fc were evaluated using a cytotoxicity assay. Results: The scFv-Fc constructs were expressed by the transfected 293T cells and secreted into the culture medium. The immunoreactivity of the secreted scFv-Fc construct was similar to that of the mouse 1E8 for CCRF-CEM cells. The molecular masses of 1E8 scFv-Fc were about 120 kDa and 55 kDa under reducing and non-reducing conditions, respectively. The DNA sequence of 1E8 scFv-Fc was obtained and presented. CD59 was highly expressed by the prostate cancer cell line. The recombinant 1E8 scFv-Fc mAb revealed significantly enhanced CDC effect similar with mouse 1E8 for prostate cancer cells. Conclusion: A 1E8 scFv-Fc construct for adjuvant cancer therapy was developed.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.163-167
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• 2002

Purpose: Interleukin 1$\beta$ (IL-1$\beta$) polymorphisms are associated with hypochlorhydria, atrophic gastritis, and increased risk of gastric cancer in Caucasians. We tried to determine whether the IL-1.. and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 RN) genetic polymorphisms contribute to the development of gastric cancer and the specific type of gastritis in Korean. Materials and Methods: The study population was comprised of 128 gastric cancer patients with histologically proven carcinoma and 63 normal healthy individuals. Sixty-eight carcinomas were of intestinal-type and sixty tumors were of diffuse-type. No patient had a familial gastric cancer history. The 511 bp and 31 bp polymorphisms in the IL-1.. were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The polymorphism of the IL-1 RN was analyzed with variable number tandem repeat after PCR. Results: The genotype of 511C/-31T of IL-1$\beta$ and allele 1 of IL-1 RN was dominant in the present subjects. The allelic frequencies of the C allele IL-1$\beta$, which is a high risk genotype for gastric cancer, were 0.551 and 0.429 in gastric cancer and normal controls, respectively. Statistically, significant difference in allelic frequencies of three polymorphic sites between gastric cancer patients and normal controls, and between intestinal-type and diffuse-type was not observed. Conclusions: These results suggest that the polymorphisms of IL-1$\beta$ and IL-1 RN may not contribute to the development of Korean gastric caner and that other endogenous or exogenous factors will be important for gastric carcinogenesis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.802-807
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• 2002

This study was conducted to see effects of dietary bacterial fiber produced by Gluconoucetobacter hansenii on gross structure, and disaccharidase activities of small intestine and body lipid status in rats. Bacterial fiber was prepared by drying and alkali treatment of floating membrane produced IS days after the bacterial culture using coconut juice media. Male Sprague-Dawely rats of 320+10 g were grouped into three and fed 0.5% (w/w) cholesterol diets with three different dietary fibers, i .e. cellulose, and pectin and bacterial fiber, at the level of 2% (w/w). During four-week experimental period, food intakes and body weight gains were not different among three groups. Total lengths and jejunal fragment weights of small intestine did not differ among the three groups but cecal weight was higher in bacterial fiber groups than those of the other two groups. Colon content and fecal dry weight were lower in bacterial fiber group. Sucrase activity of the jejunal mucosa was lower in bacterial fiber group but maltase activity was not different from those of the other two groups. Plasma total cholesterol level was lower and that of HDL-cholesterol higher in pectin group than those of cellulose and bacterial fiber groups, the latter of which did not differ. Both in plasma and liver triglyceride levels were lower in bacterial fiber group than cellulose and pectin groups, and liver cholesterol level was lower in pectin group. Relative liver weights and Plasma activities of GOT md GPT were not different among three groups. It is concluded that bacterial fiber used in the present study had hypotriglyceridemic effect that help improve lipid status in the body.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.126-132
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• 2009

Injuries of permanent teeth by trauma occur frequently in childhood and adolescence. Crown fractures are as frequent as 25-76% and especially maxillary incisors are prone to fractures. There have been numerous efforts to achieve both aesthetically and functionally satisfying restoration. When a mature tooth is fractured, porcelain crown or laminate veneer could be a choice of prosthodontic treatment. However, in a case of immature permanent incisor fracture, prosthodontic treatment is more complicated due to the immaturity of the tooth. Moreover, if endodontic treatment is accompanied with the prosthodontic treatment, the treatment period is prolonged. In the past, restoration using an orthodontic band, a ready-made crown, or glass ionomer cement did not exhibit esthetically satisfying result. As restorational materials have been improved, now more esthetic restoration is possible by reattaching fractured fragments or light-curing composite resin restoration. We reports cases of patients with fractured maxillary incisors and their successful treatment results through reattachment of fractured fragments and composite resin restoration.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2017

School nurses can play an important role in improving the prognosis of traumatized teeth of school children when they are informed about the immediate and proper dental first aid steps. The purpose of this study were to assess the awareness of school nurses concerning the management of traumatized teeth and to determine if a lecture on dental trauma management could improve school nurses'knowledge on this topic. School nurses in Gwangju and Jeonnam province completed a questionnaire before and after the lecture on the first-aid knowledge with particular focus on the following three categories. Questionnaires are composed of questions asking general information and about knowledge and proper attitude in case of the specific situation on dental trauma. According to previous studies, school nurses' knowledge tended to be higher compared with the teachers. Improvement of knowledge in school nurse was observed in emergency actions, in visiting time, replantation, carriage method, vaccine prescription related with luxation, and in possibility of fragment reattachment related with subluxation and fracture. In conclusion, it is recommended that periodical education are needed for improvement of school nurses'knowledge on proper management of dental trauma emergency.