• 제목/요약/키워드: fragilities

검색결과 34건 처리시간 0.016초

Seismic retrofit of steel structures with re-centering friction devices using genetic algorithm and artificial neural network

  • Mohamed Noureldin;Masoum M. Gharagoz;Jinkoo Kim
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제47권2호
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    • pp.167-184
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    • 2023
  • In this study, a new recentering friction device (RFD) to retrofit steel moment frame structures is introduced. The device provides both self-centering and energy dissipation capabilities for the retrofitted structure. A hybrid performance-based seismic design procedure considering multiple limit states is proposed for designing the device and the retrofitted structure. The design of the RFD is achieved by modifying the conventional performance-based seismic design (PBSD) procedure using computational intelligence techniques, namely, genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial neural network (ANN). Numerous nonlinear time-history response analyses (NLTHAs) are conducted on multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) and single-degree of freedom (SDOF) systems to train and validate the ANN to achieve high prediction accuracy. The proposed procedure and the new RFD are assessed using 2D and 3D models globally and locally. Globally, the effectiveness of the proposed device is assessed by conducting NLTHAs to check the maximum inter-story drift ratio (MIDR). Seismic fragilities of the retrofitted models are investigated by constructing fragility curves of the models for different limit states. After that, seismic life cycle cost (LCC) is estimated for the models with and without the retrofit. Locally, the stress concentration at the contact point of the RFD and the existing steel frame is checked being within acceptable limits using finite element modeling (FEM). The RFD showed its effectiveness in minimizing MIDR and eliminating residual drift for low to mid-rise steel frames models tested. GA and ANN proved to be crucial integrated parts in the modified PBSD to achieve the required seismic performance at different limit states with reasonable computational cost. ANN showed a very high prediction accuracy for transformation between MDOF and SDOF systems. Also, the proposed retrofit showed its efficiency in enhancing the seismic fragility and reducing the LCC significantly compared to the un-retrofitted models.

비선형 유한요소 해석을 이용한 PWR 격납건물의 내압 취약도 평가 (Assessment of the Internal Pressure Fragility of the PWR Containment Building Using a Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis)

  • 함대기;박형규;최인길
    • 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.103-111
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 비선형 유한요소 해석 기법을 적용한 격납건물의 내압취약도 평가를 수행하였다. 대상 구조물은 국내 대표적인 가압경수로형 원전 격납건물 중 하나로 하였다. 비선형 극한내압 해석을 위해 대규모 개구부를 고려한 격납건물의 3차원 유한요소 모델을 도출하였다. 재료 특성 및 구조적 성능에 내포된 불확실성을 고려하기 위하여 각 변수들의 변동성에 대한 극한내압 성능의 민감도 해석을 수행하였다. 민감도 해석 결과를 통해 확률론적 내압 취약도 평가를 위한 불확실성 변수 및 분포 특성을 도출하였다. 현재의 텐던 긴장력 상태를 고려하기 위하여 가동 중 검사 보고서에 기록된 텐던 긴장력 값을 중앙값으로 적용하였다. 누설(leak)과 파단(rupture)을 파괴모드로 정의하고, 각각에 대한 극한내압 취약도 평가를 위하여 한계상태를 정의하였다. 각 파괴모드에 대한 대상 격납건물의 내압취약도를 내압 성능 중앙값, 고신뢰도 저파괴확률 성능값, 신뢰도 수준에 따른 취약도 곡선을 통하여 제시하였다. 누설 및 파단 파괴모드에 대한 고신뢰도 저파괴확률값은 각각 0.7991 MPa, 0.8691 MPa로 평가되었다.

응력조건에 따른 고결모래의 강도정수 평가 (Effect of Stress Level on Strength Parameters of Cemented Sand)

  • 이문주;최성근;추현욱;조용순;이우진
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.143-151
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    • 2007
  • 고결모래의 거동은 고결정도, 상대밀도, 응력조건, 그리고 입자특성 등에 의해 영향을 받으며, 특히 고결모래의 강도에 영향을 끼치는 고결결합은 응력에 의해 파괴되기 때문에 고결모래의 강도정수는 응력조건을 고려하여 평가되어야 한다. 일반적으로 고결모래의 마찰각은 고결결합에 의해 영향을 받지 않기 때문에 미고결 상태의 마찰각과 동일한 반면, 점착력은 고결결합에 의해 증가하는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 석고를 고결유발제로 하는 고결시료를 조성하여 다양한 구속압 조건에서 배수전단시험을 실시함으로써, 구속압 변화에 따른 고결모래의 강도정수를 평가하였다. 실험결과 고결모래의 점착력은 고결정도와 구속압의 크기에 따라 고결지배구간, 천이구간, 응력지배구간에서 다르게 평가되었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 고결결합을 파괴시키지 않고 강도정수를 평가하기 위한 적정 구속압을 결정하기 위해 고결정도를 표현하는 일축압축강도와 고결결합을 파괴시키지 않는 최대 구속압의 관계를 결정하였다.

테러리즘의 대응관리체제에 관한 고찰 - "9. 11 테러"를 중심으로 - (A Study Consequence Management System of the Terrorism)

  • 김이수;안병수;한남수
    • 시큐리티연구
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    • 제7호
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    • pp.95-124
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    • 2004
  • It can be said that 'the September 11th Terrorist Attacks' in 2001 were not only the indiscriminate attacks on innocent people but also the whole - political, economical and military - attacks on human life. Also, 'the September 11th Terrorist Attacks' can be regarded as the significant events in the history of world, which were on the peak of the super-terrorism or new-terrorism that had emerged from the 1980s. However, if one would have analysed the developments of terrorism from the 1970s, they could have been foreknown without difficulty. The finding from this study can be summarized as the followings, First, in spite that the USA responsive system against terrorism had been assessed as perfect before 'the September 11th Terrorist Attacks', the fragilities were found in the aspects of the response on the new-terrorism or super-terrorism. The previous responsive system before 'the September 11th Terrorist Attacks' had the following defects as the followings: (1) it was impossible to establish the integrated strategy, because the organizations related to the response against terrorism had not integrated; (2) there were some weakness to collect and diffuse the informations related to terrorism; (3) the security system for the domestic airline service in USA and the responsive system of air defense against terrors on aircraft were very fragile. For these reasons, USA government established the 'Department of Homeland Security' of which the President is the head so that the many organizations related to terrorism were integrated into a single management system. And, it legislated a new act to protect security from terrors, which legalized of the wiretapping in spite of the risk of encroachment upon personal rights, increased the jail terms upon terrorists, froze the bank related to terrorist organization, and could censor e-mails. Second, it seem that Korean responsive system against terrors more fragile than that of USA. One of the reasons is that people have some perception that Korea is a safe zone from terrors, because there were little attacks from international terrorists in Korea. This can be found from the fact that the legal arrangement against terrorism is only the President's instruction No. 47. Under this responsive system against terrorism dependent on only the President's instruction, it is expected that there would be a poor response against terrors due to the lack of unified and integrated responsive agency as like the case of USA before 'the September 11th Terrorist Attacks'. And, where there is no legal countermeasure, it is impossible to expect the binding force on the outside of administrative agencies and the performances to prevent and hinder the terrorist actions can not but be limited. That is to say, the current responsive system can not counteract effectively against the new-terrorism and super-terrorism. Third, although there were some changes in Korean government's policies against terrorism. there still are problems. One of the most important problems is that the new responsive system against terrorism in Korea, different from that of USA, is not a permanent agency but a meeting body that is organized by a commission. This commission is controled by the Prime Minister and the substantial tasks are under the National Intelligence Service. Under this configuration, there can be the lack of strong leadership and control. Additionally, because there is no statute to response against terrorism, it is impossible to prevent and counteract effectively against terrorism. The above summarized suggests that, because the contemporary super-terrorism or new-terrorism makes numerous casualties of unspecified persons and enormous nationwide damages, the thorough prevention against terrorism is the most important challenge, and that the full range of legal and institutional arrangements for the ex post counteraction should be established. In order to do so, it is necessary for the government to make legal and institutional arrangements such as the permanent agency for protection from terrorism in which the related departments cooperates with together and the development of efficient anti-terror programs, and to show its willingness and ability that it can counteract upon any type of domestic and foreign terrorism so that obtain the active supports and confidence from citizens.

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