• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.791-798
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• 2012

Since standardized fracture test specimens cannot be easily extracted from in-service components, several alternative fracture toughness test methods have been proposed to characterize the deformation and fracture resistance of materials. One of the more promising alternatives is the local approach employing the SP(Small Punch) testing technique. However, this process has several limitations such as a lack of anisotropic yield potential and tediousness in the damage parameter calibration process. The present paper investigates estimation of ductile fracture resistance(J-R) curve by FE(Finite Element) analyses using an anisotropic damage model and enhanced calibration procedure. In this context, specific tensile tests to quantify plastic strain ratios were carried out and SP test data were obtained from the previous research. Also, damage parameters constituting the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman model in conjunction with Hill's 48 yield criterion were calibrated for a typical nuclear reactor material through a genetic algorithm. Finally, the J-R curve of a standard compact tension specimen was predicted by further detailed FE analyses employing the calibrated damage parameters. It showed a lower fracture resistance of the specimen material than that based on the isotropic yield criterion. Therefore, a more realistic J-R curve of a reactor material can be obtained effectively from the proposed methodology by taking into account a reduced load-carrying capacity due to anisotropy.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.3 s.246
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• pp.269-278
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• 2006

This paper proposes slip line fields for bending of unequally notched specimens in plane strain that have a sharp crack in one side and a sharp V-notch in the other side. Depending on the back angle, two slip line fields are proposed, from which the limit moment and crack tip stress fields are obtained as a function of the back angle. Excellent agreement between slip line field solutions with those from detailed finite element limit analysis based on non-hardening plasticity provides confidence in the proposed slip line fields. One interesting point is that, for the unequally notched specimen, the difference between the crack tip triaxial stress for tension and that for bending increases significantly with increasing the back angle. This suggests that such a specimen could be potentially useful to investigate the crack tip constraint effect on fracture toughness of materials. In this respect, the possibility of designing a new toughness testing specimen with varying crack tip constraint is discussed.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.16-19
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• 2016

Needs for structural integrity procedure such as BS 7910, the nuclear industry document R6 Rev.4 and the European FITNET procedure are being increased in industry. Especially, BS 7910 allows metallic structures to be assessed on the basis of fracture mechanics analysis rather than strict adherence to design and fabricated codes. This study is to propose the flaw assessment to judge the toughness level of welding consumables at the development stage. The FCA welding consumables with YP 690MPa and CTOD over 0.25 mm have been developed and its allowable weld flaw size considering actually applied environment has been evaluated. Since the estimated allowable defect size is sufficiently detectable in nondestructive testing, the toughness of the developed material is judged to be appropriate and no problem in securing the structural integrity.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.326-332
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• 2000

The effects of sizing agent on the final mechanical properties of the glass fiber/unsaturated polyester composites were investigated by contact angle measurements at room temperature. In this work, glass fibers were coated by poly(vinyl alcohol), polyester, and epoxy type sizing agent and each property was compared. Contact angles of the sized glass fiber were measured by the wicking method based on Washburn equation using deionized water and diiodomethane as testing liquids. As an experimental result, the surface free energy calculated from contact angle showed the highest value in case of the glass fiber coated by epoxy sizing agent. From measurements of interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and fracture toughness ( $K_{IC}$ ) of the composites, it was found that the sizing treatment on fibers could improve the fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion, resulting in growing the final mechanical properties. This was due to the enhanced surface free energy of glass fibers in a composite system.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.50-57
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• 2013

Characterization of microstructures and cryogenic mechanical properties of electro beam (EB) welds between cast and forged Inconel 718 superalloys has been investigated. Optimal EBW condition was found in the beam current range of 36~39 mA with the constant travel speed of 12 mm/s and arc voltage of 120 kV for 10 mm-thick specimens. Electron beam current lower than 25 mA caused to occur the liquation microfissuring in cast-side heat affected zone (HAZ) of EB welds. The HAZ liquation microfissure was found on the liquated grain boundaries with resolidified ${\gamma}/Laves$ and ${\gamma}/NbC$ eutectic constituents. EBW produced welds showing a fine dendritic structure with relatively discrete Laves phase due to fast cooling rate. After post weld aging treatment, blocky Laves phase and formation of ${\gamma}^{\prime}+{\gamma}^{{\prime}{\prime}}$ strengtheners were observed. Presence of primary strengthener and coarse Laves particles in PWHT weld may cause to reduce micro-plastic zone ahead of a crack, leading to a significant decrease in Charpy impact toughness at $-196^{\circ}C$. Fracture initiation and propagation induced by Charpy impact testing were discussed in terms of the dislocation structures ahead of crack arisen from the fractured Laves phase.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.47 no.12
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• pp.797-810
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• 2009

A study was made of the effects of a Sn addition on the microstructure and microfracture mechanism of squeeze cast AZ51-xSn magnesium alloys. Microstructural observation, in situ fracture testing, and fractographic observations were conducted on these alloys to clarify the microfracture process. The microstructural analyses indicated that $Mg_2Sn$ particles as well as $Mg_{17}Al_{12}$ particles precipitated mainly along the solidification cell boundaries; the volume fraction of these hard particles increased as the amount of added Sn increased, with increased the strength. From in situ fracture observations of the AZ51-7Sn alloy, coarse precipitates located on the cell boundaries worked as easy crack propagation sites and caused abrupt intercellular fracturing. On the other hand, the overall fracture properties of the AZ51-3Sn alloy improved because crack propagation proceeded into the Mg matrix rather than into the cell boundaries as twins developed actively, as confirmed by an R-curve analysis. These findings suggest that the addition of 3~5 wt.% Sn is effective in improving both the tensile and fracture properties on the basis of well-developed twins, the blocking of crack propagation, and crack blunting.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 1987

During PWHT, it is well known that residual stress in weld HAZ is one of the reasons for PWHT embitterment. In case of static loading, it was experimentally found that fracture toughness of weld HAZ was dependant upon PWHT conditions. However, the effects of PWHT on fatigue behavior are not clearly verified. Therefore, in this paper, the effects of heating rate PWHT conditions and residual stress simulated in weld HAZ of Cr-Mo steel on fatigue crack propagation behavior were evaluated by fatigue Testing and SEM observation. The obtained results are summarized as follows; 1. Applied stress($10 Kgf/mm^2$) in weld HAZ during PWHT tneded to decrease fatigue strength and to increase fatigue crack growth rate. 2. Applied stress and slow heating rate of 60.deg. C/hr during PWHT contributed to precipitin of impurity elements as well as carbide, which promoted the fatigue crack growth. 3. Fatigue crack growth rate decreased at the heating rate of 220.deg. C/hr in contrast with 600.deg. C/hr and 60.deg. C/hr.

• Carbon letters
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 2010

In this work, the effect of aminized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NH-MWNTs) on the mechanical interfacial properties of epoxy nanocomposites was investigated by means of fracture toughness, critical stress intensity factor ($K_{IC}$), and impact strength testing, and their morphology was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that the incorporation of amine groups onto MWNTs was confirmed by the FT-IR and Raman spectra. The mechanical interfacial properties of the epoxy nanocomposites were remarkably improved with increasing the NH-MWNT content. It was probably attributed to the strong physical interaction between amine groups of NH-MWNTs and epoxide groups of epoxy resins. The SEM micrographs showed that NH-MWNTs were uniformly embed and bonded with epoxy resins, resulted in the prevention of the deformation and crack propagation in the NH-MWNTs/epoxy nanocomposites.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2015

Evaluation of fracture toughness of welded structures has a significant influence on the structural design. However the residual stresses is redistributed while the welded structures is cut for preparing specimens. This study investigated an effect of the welding residual stress redistribution on the impact absorption energy of Charpy specimen. SA516Gr70 steel plate by at the flux cored arc welding (FCAW) and gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW) was cutting. Specimens for Charpy impact testing were taken from the welded plate. Two material removal mechanisms (wire cutting and water jet) were used to make the specimens. Welding residual stress and redistribution residual stress were measured using the XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) method. The amount of redistribution of residual stress depends on the different material removal mechanism. Redistribution of residual stress of reduced the impact absorption energy by 15%.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.399-406
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• 1994

The SiC/MoSi2 composite material was prepared by infiltration with the mixture of metal Si and MoSi2 into the preform of $\alpha$-SiC and graphite under the vacuum atmosphere of 10-1 torr. The mechanical properties, phases and microstructural characteristics have been investigated by employing an universal testing machine, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. With the increase of MoSi2/Si mixing content, the quantity of the residual silicon phase was decreased and the hardness and fracture toughness of composite materials were increased. Also, as the infiltration temperature increased, a lot of fine-grained $\beta$-SiC phases, which were produced from the reaction of graphite and liquid silicon melt, were transformed to $\alpha$-SiC phases.