• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.315-327
• /
• 1999

최근들어 발파, 수압파쇄, 암반사면 등의 암반공학적 문제에 있어서 암석파괴역학이 널리 적용되고 있다. 그러나 암석 고유의 특성으로서 파괴역학에서 가장 중요한 변수인 암석의 파괴인성 측정에 관한 방법은 아직 확립되지 못한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 기존 파괴인성 측정법과 비교하여 많은 장점을 가지고 있는 CCNBD, SCB, CNSCB 및 BDT등과 같은 디스크 형태의 시험편을 사용하여 Mode I 파괴인성을 측정하였다. 또한 CCNBD 시험편에 STCA법을 적용하여 혼합모드 및 Mode II 파괴인성을 측정하였다. 각시험에서 시험편의 두께, 지름 및 노치길이 등과 같은 치수효과가 파괴인성에 끼치는 영향을 조사하였다. 혼합모드 시험결과로부터 여러 회귀곡선을 적용하여 파괴포락선을 구하였고 시험결과를 혼합모드에서의 세 가지 파괴기준식과 비교하였다. 각 파괴인성 시험 시에 균열전파가 시작되는 하중수준을 정확히 파악하고 균열의 변형거동을 조사하기 위해 미소파괴음 측정을 병행하였다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 2015

PURPOSES : In this study, a fracture-based finite element (FE) model is proposed to evaluate the fracture behavior of fiber-reinforced asphalt (FRA) concrete under various interface conditions. METHODS : A fracture-based FE model was developed to simulate a double-edge notched tension (DENT) test. A cohesive zone model (CZM) and linear viscoelastic model were implemented to model the fracture behavior and viscous behavior of the FRA concrete, respectively. Three models were developed to characterize the behavior of interfacial bonding between the fiber reinforcement and surrounding materials. In the first model, the fracture property of the asphalt concrete was modified to study the effect of fiber reinforcement. In the second model, spring elements were used to simulated the fiber reinforcement. In the third method, bar and spring elements, based on a nonlinear bond-slip model, were used to simulate the fiber reinforcement and interfacial bonding conditions. The performance of the FRA in resisting crack development under various interfacial conditions was evaluated. RESULTS : The elastic modulus of the fibers was not sensitive to the behavior of the FRA in the DENT test before crack initiation. After crack development, the fracture resistance of the FRA was found to have enhanced considerably as the elastic modulus of the fibers increased from 450 MPa to 900 MPa. When the adhesion between the fibers and asphalt concrete was sufficiently high, the fiber reinforcement was effective. It means that the interfacial bonding conditions affect the fracture resistance of the FRA significantly. CONCLUSIONS : The bar/spring element models were more effective in representing the local behavior of the fibers and interfacial bonding than the fracture energy approach. The reinforcement effect is more significant after crack initiation, as the fibers can be pulled out sufficiently. Both the elastic modulus of the fiber reinforcement and the interfacial bonding were significant in controlling crack development in the FRA.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2020

취성파괴는 구조물 손상의 원인 중 하나로 대형사고로 발생할 가능성이 있다. -162℃의 초저온 LNG를 저장하는 저장탱크의 내조는 취성파괴가 발생하지 않도록 반드시 이를 확인 할 수 있도록 성능검사를 하여 건설된다. 파괴역학 관점에서는 구조물의 파괴특성을 균열생성과 균열정지로 구분하고 있다. 취성균열이 발생되지 않도록 설계하고 취성 파괴가 발생하여도 취성 파괴가 정지하는 기능이 확인되는 소재가 사용되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 LNG저장탱크의 내조 소재로 널리 사용되는 9% Ni강 33mm, 37mm, 40mm 두께로 준비하여 취성균열정지 특성을 분석하였다. 기본적인 취성 충격 시험특성을 파악하기 위하여 샤르피 충격시험을 상온, -162℃, -196℃ 조건에서 수행하였다. 또한 -196℃ 환경에서 Duplex ESSO 시험을 수행하여 취성균열정지 파괴인성을 평가하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 이러한 시험결과를 바탕으로 9% Ni강이 LNG저장탱크 내조소재로 적용되기에 충분한 균열정지 파괴인성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.42-48
• /
• 2020

The effect of improving the tensile and J-R fracture toughness properties of SA508 Gr.1a on the LBB margin for the main steam pipe is investigated. The material properties and microstructure images of the existing main steam piping material SA106 Gr.C used in domestic nuclear power plants and the newly selected material SA508 Gr.1a were compared. For each material, LBB margins were calculated and compared through finite element analysis and crack instability evaluation. The LBB margin of the improved SA508 Gr.1a is found to be greatly improved compared to that of the existing SA106 Gr.C and SA508 Gr.1a. This is because of the increased material's strength and J-R fracture toughness compared to the previous materials. In order to analyze the effect of physical property change on the LBB margin, the sensitivity of each LBB margin according to the variation of tensile strength and J-R fracture toughness was analyzed. The effect of the change in tensile strength was found to be greater than that of the change in fracture toughness. Therefore, an increase in strength significantly influenced the improvement of the LBB margin of the improved SA508 Gr.1a.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 1997

암석의 파고역학적 특성은 암반 내의 자연균열들의 분포를 예측하거나 혹은 불연속면을 포함하는 암사면이나 지하구조물의 안정성을 해석하기 위한 중요한 자료로 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 암석의 파괴역학적의 특성의 차이를 측정하여 암종에 따른 제한적인 분포를 나타내는 자연균열에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 자연균열과 인공균열의 진행특성을 정성적 및 정량적인 기준에 의하여 분석한 결과, 기원이 다른 균열들은 성장특성에 있어서 뚜렷한 차이를 나타냄을 확인할 수 있다. 따라서, 암석 파괴역학적의 이론을 이용하여 암반 내에 분포하는 균열들의 기원이나 공학적 특성을 예측하기 위해서는 먼저 충분한 지질학적인 이론과 근거가 요구됨을 알 수 있다.

• 한국주조공학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.58-66
• /
• 1989

The effect of heat treating temperature and ${\alpha}$ phase In the ${\beta}$ phase matrix were investigated for ${\beta}-CuZnAl$ shape memory alloys by tension test, fatigue test, and shape memory effect test. After heat treatment at $677^{\circ}C$, $750^{\circ}C$, $800^{\circ}C$ and $850^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. respectively, static fracture stress(${\sigma}_f$), fatigue fracture stress(${\tau}_{max}$) at $10^6$ cycle, and elongation(${\epsilon}_f$) was $24.2kg/mm^2$, $17.21kg/mm^2$ and 11.8%, respectively. As heat treating temperature decreased, fracture surfaces of the specimens were changed from the intergranular to the transgranular fracture mode. Especially, the a phase precipitated in the ${\beta}$ phase matrix had an effect on crack propagation and the fracture surface was characterized by dimple-like pattern when crack propagated in transgranular cracking mode. Precipitation of the ${\alpha}$ phase in the ${\beta}$ phase matrix lowered the transformation temperature by $10^{\circ}C$, and about 2.5 vol.% ${\alpha}$ phase did not affect the shape memory effect examined by the bending test.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2003

Reduced activation ferritic steel, JLF-1 steel (Fe-9Cr-2W-V-Ta), is one of the promising candidate materials for fusion reactor applications. Fracture toughness ($J_IC$) and tensile tests were carried out at room temperature and elevated temperature ($400^{\circ}C$). Two types of CT specimen were prepared to examine the effect of rolling direction on the fracture toughness of JLF-1 steel. Four types of tensile specimen were also prepared to investigate the property by the rolling direction and welding. The Micro Vickers hardness was measured at various distances of a cross section of the TIG joints of JLF-1 steel according to the heating history of each position. Finally, the fracture surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

• 콘크리트학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.183-194
• /
• 1997

통상적인 방법에 의해 측정된 콘크리트 보의 변위는 지지점의 국부변위나 변위의 측정 위치에 따른 외부적인 요인이 포함된다. 이러한 오류에 의한 변위의 크기는 실제 변위크기와 거의 같은 정도이기 때문에 이를 사용하여 정확한 파괴 파라메타를 구하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 외부적인 요인의 영향을 받지 않는 균열개구 변위와 하중작용 방향 변위의 상관관계를 규명하고, 하중 개구부 변위를 파괴특성을 구하는 인자로 사용하였다. 균열개구 변위와 하중방향 변위는 서로비례함을 알 수 있었으며, 이 비례관계를 이용하여 RILEM에서 제시한 파괴에너지 결정방법에 대한 문제점을 발견하였고 이에 대한 수정방법을 제시하였다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.131-135
• /
• 2011

The demands of high-strength steel have been steadily increased to reduce the weight of vehicles. Although the TRIP steel has been the promising candidate material for the purpose, high strength hinders the application due to the susceptibility to hydrogen delayed fracture in the corrosive environment. Moreover, the testing method was not specified in the ISO standards. In this work, the test method to evaluate the susceptibility of hydrogen delayed fracture was studied by slow strain rate testing technique. The four test experimental parameters were studied : strain rate, hydrogen charging time, holding time after hydrogen charging, and holding time after cadmium plating. The steel was fractured by hydrogen in case the strain rate was in the range of $1{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}5{\times}10^{-7}/sec$. It was confirmed that the slow strain rate test is effective method to evaluate the susceptibility to hydrogen delayed fracture. The holding time over 24 hrs after hydrogen charging, nullified the hydrogen effect, that is, the specimen was no more susceptible to hydrogen after 24 hrs even though the specimen was fully hydrogen-charged. Moreover, cadmium electroplating could not prevent from diffusing out the hydrogen from the steel in the experiment. The effective experimental procedures were discussed.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.229-233
• /
• 2003

By using an oxynitride glass as a sintering additive, the effects of BN content on microstructure and mechanical properties of the hot-pressed and subsequently annealed SiC-BN composites were investigated. The microstructures developed were analyzed by image analysis. The morphology of SiC grains was strongly dependent on BN content in the starting composition. The aspect ratio of SiC decreases with increasing BN content and the average diameter of SiC shows a maximum at 5 wt% BN and decreases with increasing BN content in the starting powder. The fracture toughness increased with increasing BN content while the strength decreased with increasing BN content. The strength and fracture toughness of SiC or SiC-TiC composites were strongly dependent on the morphology of SiC grains, but the strength and fracture toughness of SiC-BN composites were strongly dependent on BN content rather than morphology of SiC grains. These results suggest that fracture toughness of SiC ceramics can be tailored by manipulating BN content in the starting composition. Typical fracture toughness and strength of SiC-10 wt% BN composites were 8 MPa$.$m$\^$1/2/ and 445 MPa, respectively.