• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.19-27
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• 2020

Purpose : We aimed to investigate the effect of cranio-cervical flexion exercises(CCFE) with visual feedback(VF) on the muscle activity of the upper trapezius in forward head posture (FHP) and whether deficits in proprioception affect the changes in muscle activity. Methods : Twenty subjects with FHP were assigned to one of 2 groups according to deficits in proprioception. The muscle activity of the upper trapezius during arm movement under three exercise conditions (resting, CCFE, and VF + CCFE). Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare differences in muscle activity according to the exercise conditions between the groups and to analyze the interactions between groups and conditions. Results : Significant differences were observed in muscle activity according to the exercise condition (p<.05), with no significant differences between the groups. The muscle activity of the upper trapezius was significantly different between the resting and VF +CCFE conditions (p<.05), with no significant difference between the resting and CCFE conditions (p>.05). Conclusion : The results of this study showed that the CCFE combined with VF are an effective intervention for FHP to train deep muscles selectively. In addition, the loss of proprioceptive sensation is not related to changes in muscle activity during exercises.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.83-88
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of forward head posture (FHP) and round shoulder posture (RSP) on changes in muscle activities according to shoulder flexion and abduction tasks. Methods: Twenty-two male subjects with no history of neurological, musculoskeletal surgery or injuries, or pain in the spine region within the previous 3-month periods were recruited for this study. Craniovertebral angle (CVA) and Scapula Index were measured before performing 90° abduction and flexion tasks holding a 3kg dumbbell. Muscle activities were measured during the tasks. All measurements except height of the acromion were carried out in a sitting position at the height of the subject's knee angle of 90 degrees, and two tasks were randomly performed with the arm that the subject mainly use to throw the ball. The abduction and flexion angles were checked by the examiner using a goniometer beside the subject. Results: Correlation coefficient analysis between Scapular Index and upper trapezius muscle activity during shoulder abduction task showed significant positive correlation. No significant correlation was observed between CVA, Scapular Index, and other muscle activities. Conclusion: FHP showed increased muscle activation, making it difficult to change muscle activity under lower loads, and RSP was correlated with UT activation in shoulder abduction. Therefore, in the RSP, the loaded shoulder abduction is considered a potential risk factor for increasing shoulder muscle tension. This paper proposes an approach to treating RSP before FHP.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.105-110
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the degree of dizziness affects static balance due to the disruption or absence of the senses involved in balance. To this end, the correlation between the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), which objectively evaluates dizziness, the Fourier Index (FI; Frequency bands of postural oscillation, F1, F2-4, F5-6, F7-8) and the Stability Index (ST), which evaluates static balance ability, were examined. Methods: This study investigated balance and dizziness issues in 30 healthy young adults. Participants underwent multiple tests like the DHI and tetra-ataxiometric posturography (Tetrax) under different conditions (eyes open/closed, standing on a foam-rubber pillow, and with the head in various orientations). Results: We found that F1 exhibited a weak positive correlation with dizziness under normal conditions, as well as when the eyes were closed (r=0.396, p<0.05) and the head was tilted back (r=0.375, p<0.05). Meanwhile, F5-6 showed a moderate positive correlation with dizziness in both head-back (HB: r=0.471, p<0.05) and head-forward postures (r=0.404, p<0.05). Lastly, both F7-8 and ST demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with dizziness when the head was in a forward posture (F7-8: r=0.483; ST: r=0.403, p<0.05). Conclusion: The study results indicate that the severity of dizziness affects sensory systems and balance. It also suggests that head movements, especially forward and backward, further stimulate the vestibular system, intensifying dizziness, and balance problems in affected individuals.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 1981

The author analysed the interrelation between the morphologic changes of bone Structures and the position of condylar head from the routine radiographs of 134 cases of the temporomandibular joint arthrosis. The frequencies of coincidence between the site of bone defrmity and condylar head positional change were examined. Also, the positional changes of condylar head and the direction of condylar movement in relation to the kind of bone deformities were observed. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In 52.65 per cent of total cases, the site, of positional change of condylar head was coincided with the site of bone deformans. The frequencies of the coincidence between these in the five items among seven items examined were above 53 per cent. From the results, it seems that the positional changes of condylar head were related with the morphological change of bone structure. 2. Eburnation and erosion. revealed frequently positional changes in the opening and closing position of the mouth, although in the early stages of the TMJ arthrosis. 3. In the bone deformans, during opene position of the mough 44.81 per cent of total cases revealed backword movement and 37.74 per cent showed forward movement. In closed position of the mouth, downward movement was revealed in 35.23 per cent of total cases and upward movement 28.41 per ,cent of total cases. 4. In the cases showing eburnation, the frequencies of coincidence between the site of positional change and bone deformans were 58.57 per cent of the total cases. that means it was high in the early stages of the TMJ arthrosis.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.208-215
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of deep neck flexion exercise(DNFE) and thoracic range of motion exerecise(TROM) on the pain and forward head position(FHP) in stroke patients. Thirty-six patients were randomly assigned to DNFE group, TROM group, and control group. pre and post intervention, pain(VAS), Craniovertebral angle(CVA), cranial rotation angle(CRA), FHP, and TROM were measured. As a result. The DNFE group and the TROM group showed significant differences in VAS, CVA, CRA, FHP, and TROM pre and post intervention(p <.05), and the two groups showed VAS, CVA, CRA, FHP, and TROM compared to the control group (p <.05). In conclusion, in patients with stroke, DNFE and TROM were effective in restoring FHP and neck pain. We hope that they will be used in the interventional program for stroke patients in clinical practice.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of shoulder and neck stabilization exercise using a gym ball for healthy women in their 20s with round shoulder and forward head posture, it is intended to try and find improvement for posture. Methods: The subjects of the study were 25 women who understood the purpose of the research and voluntarily agreed to participate in the experiment. They carried out the shoulder and neck stabilization exercise program using a gym ball, which was conducted for 35 minutes, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The position of the round shoulder and shoulder bones was measured using an tape measurement and were recorded in both at pre, 2 weeks, and post intervention. The craniovertebral angle (CVA) and craniorotational angle (CRA) was measured using an image J. Results: The round shoulder posture left was statistically significantly different within group (p<.05); however, the round shoulder posture right wasn't statistically significantly different (p>.05). As a result of this contrast, test were significant different in both at pre, 2 weeks and post. The scapular position on the left and right were statistically significantly different within the group (p<.05). As a result of the contrast, test were significant different in both at pre, 2 weeks and post (p<.05). The CVA and CRA on the left and right were statistically significantly different within the group (p<.05). As a result of the contrast, test were significant different in both at pre, 2 weeks and post (p<.05). Conclusion: The gym ball exercises improved the posture of women in their 20s. Therefore, gym ball exercises can help improve the quality of life of those with shoulder and neck pain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.41-47
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• 2016

PURPOSE: Forward head posture (FHP) is one of the most common postural problems among white-collar workers who perform highly repetitive tasks in the same position. The aim of this study was to research the effects of thoracic and lumbar support fixtures on forward head posture (FHP) during visual display terminal (VDT) work. METHODS: The subjects were 36 healthy male students with no problems in their medical history or respiratory systems. The subjects were randomly assigned to three groups: control group (n=12), thoracic support fixtures (n=12), and lumbar support fixtures (n=12). We conducted a text typing task of the same content for 20 minutes, and evaluated the angles, including the craniovertebra angle (CVA), craniorotation angle (CRA) with photogrammetry. RESULTS: The thoracic and lumbar support fixture groups showed a statistically significant difference at the CVA and CRA to the control group (p<.05), and the post-hoc test showed an increase of the CVA and decrease of the CRA than the control group. However, when we compared the effects of thoracic and lumbar support fixtures on FHP, there was no significant difference in the difference in decrease of the CVA or increase of the CRA (p>.05). CONCLUSION: We determined that VDT work using thoracic and lumbar support fixtures has a positive effect on forward head posture in white-collar workers. Further studies are required to find the more effective location of support fixtures.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neck stabilization exercise with PNF for neck alignment, neck disability index, and sitting balance in adults with forward-head posture. Methods: Forty participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients in the neck stabilization exercise group (NSG, n = 20) and the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation neck pattern exercise group (PNFG, n = 20) were studied 30 minutes a day three times a week for four weeks. Outcomes were measured using cranial vertical angle (CVA), the Korean version of the neck disability index (KNDI), anterior limit of stability (ALOS), and posterior limit of stability (PLOS) before and after the intervention period. Results: There were significant effects in the CVA and the KNDI of both groups pre- and post-intervention. There were significant effects in ALOS and PLOS in the PNFG pre- and post-intervention compared with the NSG. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that PNF with neck exercise could be beneficial to the static balance of adults with forward-head posture.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.386-392
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the impact of the time that the sitting posture is maintained on changes in muscle performance and head alignment. Methods: The subjects of this study were healthy adults aged between 20 and 30 years. Ninety-three subjects participated in this study (male: 57, female: 36). The subjects were divided into a one-hour group, a two-hour group, and a three-hour group. All the subjects adjusted the height of their chair to a comfortable position and then seat for one, two, or over three hours. Both prior to and after the experiment, the muscle performance (muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility) of the subjects was measured. Results: In the 2-hours and 3-hour group, muscle strength, flexibility and endurance reduced significantly before and after the study, and the head alignment significantly changed. Conclusion: Thease findings showed that sitting continuously for longer than two hours decreases muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility. A flexed posture affects the muscle performance of the lumbar region and may result in problematic postures, such as a forward head position.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.75-88
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• 2024

Objectives This study was designed to compare curvature and intervertebral disc angle of the cervical spine in different prone positions. Methods 30 adults aged 19~60 years were enrolled in this study. Volunteers in this uncontrolled trial were taken an x-ray of cervical spine on lateral. Four radiographs were taken for each volunteer, in standing, prone position with U-type pillow (prone position A), rectangular pillow (prone position B), and prone position without pillow (prone position C). After measuring the cervical angle, Ishihara index, craniovertebral angle, intervertebral angle, we analysed the lordotic angle and foward head posture. The data was anlysed by analysis of variance and pearson correlation coefficient. Results Cervical angles of prone position without pillow (prone position C) significantly decreased compared with those in standing position (p<0.001). Ishihara index of prone position without pillow (prone position C) also significantly decreased compared with those in standing position (p<0.001). Craniovertebral angle of prone position with pillow (prone position A, B) significantly increased with those in standing position (p<0.001). Intervertebral angle of prone position with pillow (prone position A, B) at the C3-7 levels significantly increased with those in standing position (p<0.001). Intervertebral angle of prone position without pillow (prone position C) at the C3-5 levels significantly decreased with those in standing position (p<0.001). The angle of intervertebral disc significntly decreased in kyphotic cervical levels. Conclusions Different prone position clearly resulted changes in cervical spine curvature and intervertebral disc angle. And it is related to cervical spine lordotic angle and sagittal alignment in standing position and prone position.