• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.135-151
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• 2012

Traditionally in IS studies, the relationship between construct and its measurement items tends to be assumed to be reflective, meaning that the measurements are a reflection of the construct. In reality, however, the nature of the construct can be often formative, which means that its measurement items describe and define the construct rather than vice versa. The purpose of this study was to investigate theoretical and empirically-analysed differences between formative construct and reflective construct through comprehensive interdisciplinary literature review. And then on the basis of these differences, we intended to derive the rule of specifying whether the construct is formative or reflective and propose the methodology of testing the validity(content validity, construct validity, internal consistency and external construct) of formative construct and its measurements, differentiated from that in the case of reflective construct. Also, we suggested the concrete statistical testing methods such as VTT(Vanishing Tetrad Test), MIMIC(Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes) test and multi-collinearity test. In order to examine the applicability of this methodology to developing the constructs for performance evaluation of IS(Information Systems), we tried to identify its attribute(formative or reflective) and test the validity for the construct arbitrarily chosen among them which had been derived in our previous IS performance evaluation study by using this methodology. The result of the examination was that the methodology proposed in this study was significantly valid and effective in the area of IS performance evaluation.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop SPA system using diagnostic and formative assessment in earth science classes in order to discuss its effect on learning achievement and self-directed learning attitude. For this purpose, we developed total management system, app for teachers, and app for students. This research was practiced to 76 students in 5th grade. The results are as follows. Firstly, the group taking a class used by app for diagnostic and formative assessment had an effect of improving learning achievement. However, as for learning achievement long term endurance test, the group taking a class using app for diagnostic and formative assessment had no effect. Secondly, the group taking a class using apps for diagnostic and formative assessment had an effect of improving learners' self-directed learning attitude. As for self-directed long-term endurance test, the group taking a class using app for diagnostic and formative assessment had an effect. In conclusion, I hope that this SPA system might apply to the science classes as it is a system that will satisfy the needs of both teachers and students, giving much needed feedback to students.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1049-1062
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to find out the image according to formative properties of hat and garment in the fashion collection. For the study, the 96 stimuli found frequently in fashion collection from the S/S season of 1998 to the F/W season of 2004 were selected. Sets of stimulus and response scales (7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 96 pictures with the types of hat(4), the lengths of hair(3), the types of garment(3), the relations between the color of garment and hat(4), and the materials(4) and patterns of garment(2). The subjects were 415 women college students majoring fashion design related fields and living in Seoul and Gyeongsangnam-do. As statistical methods for data analysis, Factor Analysis, ANOVA test, and LSD test were used. The items of the adjectives were classified into 5 image dimensions; attractiveness, gracefulness, concentration, cuteness, and hardness and softness. Among these factors, each dimensional image was affected by formative properties of hat and garment. The image of a hat-wearer was perceived differently according to the hair style and the formative properties of hat and garment even if the type of hat was same.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.619-628
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• 2015

이 연구의 목적은 동형검사를 활용한 진단 및 형성평가가 초등과학 수업에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 진단 및 형성평가의 문항 및 학업성취도 문항을 개발하여 수업에 적용 및 투입하였는데 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 진단평가를 실시한 과학수업은 학생들의 과학 학업성취도를 향상시켰다. 둘째, 형성평가를 실시한 과학 수업에서는 학생들의 과학 학업성취도 향상에 도움을 주지못하였으며, 자기주도적 학습 태도의 영역 중에서는 학습기회의 개방성 영역만 향상시켰다. 셋째, 진단 및 형성평가 실시한 과학 수업에서는 학생들의 과학 학업성취도를 향상시켰으며, 자기주도적 학습 태도의 영역 중에서 문제 해결 기술을 제외한 학습기회의 개방성, 학습에 대한 주도성, 학습에 대한 애착 영역을 향상시켰다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 학생들의 학업성취도와 자기주도적 학습 태도를 향상시키기 위해서는 형성평가를 진단평가와 함께 실시해야 함을 강조하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5083-5090
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• 2012

본 연구는 유아의 대인관계 형성능력에 정서조절능력과 대인문제해결사고가 어떠한 영향력이 있는지에 대하여 알아보고자 실시되었다. 연구대상은 G광역시의 어린이집과 유치원 3곳의 유아 133명이다. 자료의 분석은 t-test, ANOVA, Pearson의 적률상관관계, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구결과는 첫째, 유아의 성별에 따라서는 대인관계 형성능력 전체와 하위요인인 사회적 반응성에서만 여아가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 형제 수와 어머니의 취업여부에 따라서 형제가 1명인 경우, 취업모인 경우가 대인관계 형성능력, 정서조절능력, 대인문제해결사고 모두에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 대인관계 형성능력은 정서조절능력과 대인문제해결사고와 정적상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 대인관계 형성능력에 영향을 미치는 요인은 정서조절의 자기조절과 타인조절력이었으며, 대인문제해결사고에서는 원인적 사고가 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 복식
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to suppose makeup design based on formative elements of facial image according to the facial image type of Korean women in their 20s. For this study, literature review were performed. Surveys were conducted twice for empirical research. The survey targeted 220 university students in their 20s. SPSS 12.0 statistics program was used to analyze the results, and T-test, ANOVA, Scheff$\acute{e}$ test. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was concluded that the effective structural formative elements are different according to the types of facial image. Second, by analyzing the differences in perceiving naked facial image and modified face shape image, modified skin color image, modified makeup color image of all types of facial image, it was found that the formative elements are different according to facial images, and that there are differences in the effectiveness of each factors.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.137-154
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• 2012

이 연구에서는 우리나라 중학교 교육과정을 토대로 하여 중학교 1학년 기하 영역에 대한 형성평가 프로그램을 개발하고 적용함으로써 그 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 또한 개발한 형성평가 프로그램 효과 검증에 활용된 사전 사후평가에 대한 학생의 반응을 분석함으로써 중학교 1학년 학생의 기하 개념에 대한 이해 정도를 살펴보았다. 기하 영역 형성평가 프로그램과 그 분석 결과는 중학교 1학년 기하 영역의 효과적인 교수 학습을 위한 유용한 정보로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.305-313
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• 2019

본 연구는 간호대학생을 대상으로 자율실습에서 형성적 피드백을 적용한 후 학생의 실습만족도, 학습동기 및 학업적 자기효능감에 미치는 효과를 확인한 비동등성 대조군 전후설계의 유사실험연구이다. 본 연구는 경인지역에 소재한 대학의 간호대학생 37명을 실험군으로 하여 교수자에 의한 형성적 피드백을, 전북지역에 소재한 대학의 간호대학생 41명을 대조군으로 하여 동영상 촬영 후 동료피드백을 적용하였다. 중재를 적용하기 전과 후에 자료수집을 하였고, 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 22.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 실험군이 대조군에 비해 실습만족도(t=-2.79, p=.007) 및 학업적 자기효능감(t=2.30, p=.024)은 유의하게 향상되었으나 학습동기는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 이는 기존에 동영상 촬영 후 동료피드백을 제공하는 것보다 교수자에 의한 형성적 피드백을 제공하는 것이 더 효과적임을 확인하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 따라서 교수자들은 자율실습에서 간호학생들의 핵심기본간호술기 습득을 위하여 형성적 피드백을 적용하는 것을 고려할 필요가 있다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1001-1010
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the images and characteristic formative elements of Korean traditional patterns. The Korean pattern image could be interpreted into visual elements of design based on the images, the characteristic formative elements of Korean traditional patterns, and their relationships. Fourteen patterns selected from 5 groups of Korean patterns were used as stimuli. An image evaluation using a 2-point sementica scale of 19 bipolar adjectives, and an impression evaluation of which results were presented by visual drawing using lines and shapes were carried out. The data were analyzed by correspondence analysis and cluster analysis. The major findings are as follows; 1. Fourteen patterns and 19 adjectives were marked on a perception map composed of two (x and y-) axes. The bipoles of x- and y axes were soft-hard and splendid-artless, respectively. 2. Four clusters semerged to account for the dimensional sturucture of 14 patterns and 19 adjectives. These were splendid image, soft image, individualistic image, and sophisticated image. However there was no pattern which belonged to the cluster, sophisticated image. The Korean pattern image was founded to be better related to the kind of patterns than the type of patterns. 3. The characteristic formative elements obtained from the impression test were contour of motif, repeated line or shape, various curved lines, and decorative elements. 4. The splendid image was related to Bongwhang patterns and detailed line and complexity. The individualistic image was related to the abstractive form of Bongwhang pattern and the decorative form of Cloud pattern both of which have the characteristics of point-symmetry and abstraction, and Turtle-back pattern. In this case, the related charac-teristic formative element was identified to be repeated lines. The soft image was related to Moran, Cloud, and Taegeuk patterns. The related characteristic elements were various types of curved lines, decorative elements, and rounded contours.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.472-480
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• 2005

It was proved the practical use of the unique traditional Korean paper through the previous researches. The purpose of this study was to suggest the adequate application which is making various applied patterns in the fashion products so as to contribute to textile, fashion, and Korean paper industry. Six kinds of vests with the same fashion material using the Korean traditional paper were manufactured in order to investigate the images of materials in case of wearing them on the actual human bodies. As the results of image assessment for the materials and the factor analysis, 'classical', 'natural', 'Korean traditional', 'rural' and 'luxury' images were presented as the representative image of the Korean traditional paper material. Making repeated patterns of stripes and zigzag by sewing-machine stitches showed the natural effect on Korean traditional paper. Well-matched harmony was shown between holes made by the needle in sewing and slits torn by the tension to the needle and the thread. Especially, transparency by irregular holes formed by artificial frictional washing could shown special formative arts harmoniously with semi-transparency of Korea traditional paper and touch of sewing yarn. After the unripe persimmon dyeing, holes made by the needle became more hard and tight. The changes were no longer shown by the artificial frictional washing and then fixed. As the result of applying the Korean traditional paper fashion materials with various patterns for the basic formed garments, it was shown that the common and simple garments were changed the garments with special formation which could be found on the art garments due to the creative touch and formative arts using the Korea traditional paper fashion material. A variety of formative application by means of the developed samples was suggested to enlarge the practicality. As the result of this study, it was discovered that the possibility and application of fashion goods through the developed samples made of Korean traditional paper.