• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2021

We performed to explore the applicability of protocol to improve the curriculum literacy for special education pre-teachers. For this, protocol of Park et al (2018), which can be used in the educational field, was partially modified and applied to enhance the special education curriculum expertise of pre-teachers. The literacy protocol of the special education curriculum was applied as Protocols 1 and 2, and Protocol 1 was focused on adaptation the 2015 special education curriculum and understanding literacy. Protocol 2 consisted of reorganizing the subject level centering on the five subjects presented in the special education curriculum, and establishing an integrated theme setting and reorganization plan. We applied the research design during a total of 15 weeks of special education curriculum subjects. The class format was flipped learning (e.g, pre-video lectures, theory lectures (E-Sheets), and learner-led activities (W-Sheets) for each topic was carried out. We found that pre-teachers' thought that the academic achievement and satisfaction of students with disabilities could be increased by adaptation the curriculum. Pre-teachers reported that the experience of reorganizing each subject/intersection helped improve their literacy but found it difficult.

• The Journal of the Korean Institute of Forest Recreation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

This study aimed to improve the quality of forest healing program through analyses of the program activities given at National Healing Forest and surveys conducted by Korea Forest Service. 99 DB data of the healing forest that were surveyed by KFS (August 2015~April 2016) were collected in order to affirm the activities. We analysed DB based on the format of the survey by target, 6 healing factors, location, season, time periods, operation hours and multifaceted evaluation. The results showed that the activities in the forest healing program targeted general public and the factor that was considered the most was psychotherapy factor. Healing forest trails were used as a location, spring, summer and fall as season, morning and afternoon as time period for the majority of the activities. The running time was 60 minutes. The multifaceted evaluation revealed that dynamic activities were preferred the most in development of programs. According to the results of the forest healing programs, it seems to be critical to enhance forest healing instructors' diversified professionalism. However, this will only be achievable once further investigations regarding forest healing effects by types of illnesses are conducted and provide solid foundation for such professionalism.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.131-142
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• 2007

In this paper, semi-fragile watermarking algorithm was proposed for the application to RP(Rapid Prototyping) system. In the case of the perceptual change or distortion of the original one, the prototype product will be affected from the process because the RP system requires the high precision measure. Therefore, the geometrical transformations like translation, rotation and scaling, the mesh order change and the file format change are used in the RP system because they do not change the basic shapes of the 3D models, but, the decimation and the smoothing are not used because they change the models. The proposed algorithm which is called semi-fragile watermarking is robust against to these kinds of manipulations which preserve the original shapes because it considers the limitations of the RP system, but fragile against to the other manipulations which change the original shapes. This algorithm does not change the model shapes after embedding the watermark information, that is, there is no shape difference between the original model and the watermarked model. so, it will be useful to authenticate the data integrity and hide the information in the field of mechanical engineering which requires the high precision measure.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2002

Malicious attackers generally attempt to intrude the target systems by taking advantage of existing system vulnerabilities and executing readily available code designed to exploit blown vulnerabilities. To the network security administrators, the rat and minimal step in providing adequate network security is to identify existing system vulnerabilities and patch them as soon as possible. Network-based vulnerability analysis scanners (NVAS), although widely used by network security engineers, have shortcomings in that they depend on limited information that is available and generally do not have access to hast-specific information. Host-based vulnerability analysis scanner (HVAS) can serve as an effective complement to NVAS. However, implementations of HVAS differ from one platform to another and from one version to another. Therefore, to security engineers who often have to maintain a large number of heterogeneous network of hosts, it is impractical to develop and manage a large number of HVAS. In this paper, we propose an agent-based architecture named ISMAEL and describe its prototype implementation. Manager process provides various agent processes with descriptiom on vulnerabilities to check, and an agent process automatically generates, compiles, and executes an Java code to determine if the target system is vulnerable or not. The result is sent back to the manager process, and data exchange occurs in % format. Such architecture provides maximal portability when managing a group of heterogeneous hosts and vulnerability database needs to be kept current because the manager process need not be modified, and much of agent process remains unchanged. We have applied the prototype implementation of ISMAEL and found it to be effective.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.305-316
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• 2021

Construction accidents occur due to a number of reasons-worker carelessness, non-adoption of safety equipment, and failure to comply with safety rules are some examples. Because much construction work is done outdoors, weather conditions can also be a factor in accidents. Past construction accident data are useful for accident prevention, but since construction accident data are often in a text format consisting of natural language, extracting construction hazards from construction accident data can take a lot of time and that entails extra cost. Therefore, in this study, we extracted construction hazards from 2,026 domestic construction accident reports using text mining and performed a seasonal analysis of construction hazards through frequency analysis and centrality analysis. Of the 254 construction hazards defined by Korea's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, we extracted 51 risk factors from the construction accident data. The results showed that a significant hazard was "Formwork" in spring and autumn, "Scaffold" in summer, and "Crane" in winter. The proposed method would enable construction safety managers to prepare better safety measures against outdoor construction accidents according to weather, season, and climate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.187-201
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• 2021

Recently, the demand for a 3D urban spatial information infrastructure for storing, operating, and analyzing a large number of digital data produced in cities is increasing. CityGML is a 3D spatial information data standard of OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium), which has strengths in the exchange and attribute expression of city data. Cases of constructing 3D urban spatial data in CityGML format has emerged on several cities such as Singapore and New York. However, the current ecosystem for the creation and editing of CityGML data is limited in constructing CityGML data on a large scale because of lack of completeness compared to commercial programs used to construct 3D data such as sketchup or 3d max. Therefore, in this study, a method of constructing CityGML data is proposed using commercial 3D mesh data and 2D polygons that are rapidly and automatically produced through aerial LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) or RGB (Red Green Blue) cameras. During the data construction process, the original 3D mesh data was geometrically transformed so that each object could be expressed in various CityGML LoD (Levels of Detail), and attribute information extracted from the 2D spatial information data was used as a supplement to increase the utilization as spatial information. The 3D city features produced in this study are CityGML building, bridge, cityFurniture, road, and tunnel. Data conversion for each feature and property construction method were presented, and visualization and validation were conducted.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.623-633
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• 2020

As the time spent in indoor space has increased, the demand for services targeting indoor spaces also continues to increase. To provide indoor spatial information services, the construction of indoor spatial information should be done first. In the study, a method of generation IndoorGML, which is the international standard data format for Indoor space, from existing BIM data. The characteristics of IFC objects were investigated, and objects that need to be converted to IndoorGML were selected and classified into objects that restrict the expression of Indoor space and internal passages. Using the proposed method, a part of data set provided by the BIMserver github and the IFC model of the 21st Century Building in University of Seoul were used to perform experiments to generate PrimalSpaceFeatures of IndoorGML. As a result of the experiments, the geometric information of IFC objects was represented completely as IndoorGML, and it was shown that NavigableBoundary, one of major features of PrimalSpaceFeatures in IndoorGML, was accurately generated. In the future, the proposed method will improve to generate various types of objects such as IfcStair, and additional method for automatically generating MultiLayeredGraph of IndoorGML using PrimalSpaceFeatures should be developed to be sure of completeness of IndoorGML.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.131-142
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• 2021

This research is based on the design of pictures in picture books, and the spatial representation of illustrations in the picture books contains the significantly important objective. Various texts, pictures, spaces, etc. in a picture must have the operator's various editing skills so that spatial arrangement is made smoothly.In this paper, the characteristics of spatial expression of design in picture books are derived by analyzing several examples of paintings and studies on classic picture books. First, the fusion of picture and text, that is, that both picture and text convey spatial information together as elements of the screen. Second, as a characteristic of the coherence of the space design in picture books, the story and content must be smoothly connected when reading the book. Third, when expressing a space, the creator should utilize the strengths and weaknesses of each other between abstract and conceived spatial expressions as needed. Fourth, as a symbolic feature of picture book spatial expression, it can be seen that many symbolic expression techniques are applied to the spatial expression of picture books according to the semiotic principle, which greatly improves the cognitive efficiency of reading picture books. The fifth characteristic is that the spatial expression of an excellent picture book has excellent interesting element, rich design means, and interestingly conveys screen contents and screen format to readers. In this research, it is thought that designers and artists should guide the creation within a spatial framework as designing picture books, thus greatly improving the efficiency of the creation process, while also provide a reader-centered visual Interesting experience.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2020

Recently, BIM has been extended to infrastructures such as roads and bridges, and the demand for BIM standard development for ports is increasing internationally. Due to the low level of utilization of classification system and drawing standards compared to other infrastructures, and the closed nature of national security facilities, ports have insufficient level of connection and sharing environment among external systems or users. In addition, since the standardization of data for port facilities is not made, it is still necessary to establish an independent DB for each system and to ensure interoperability of data between these systems since it does not have a shared environment among similar data. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop and verify IFC, the international standard for BIM, in order to cope with the BIM environment and to be commonly used in the design, construction, and maintenance of port facilities. To this end, we build a standard schema with port-specific Express Notation according to buildingSMART International's standard development methodology. First, domestic and international reference model standards were analyzed to derive components such as space and facilities of port facilities. Based on this, the components of the port facility were derived through the codification, categorization, and normalization process developed by the research team. This was extended based on the port BIM object classification system developed by the research team. Normalization results were verified by designers and associations. Then, IFC schema construction was based on Express-G data modeling based on IFC 4 * 2 Candidate, which is a bridge candidate standard based on IFC4 (ISO16739), and IFC 4 * 3 Draft, which is developed by buildingSMART International. The final schema was validated using the commercialized validation tool. In addition, in order to verify the structural verification of the port IFC schema, the transformation process was verified by converting the caisson model into a Part21 file. In the future, this result will not only be used as a delivery standard for port BIM products, but will also be applied as a linkage standard between systems and a common data format for port BIM platforms when BIM is used in the maintenance phase. In particular, it is expected to be used as a core standard for data exchange in the port maintenance stage.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.219-237
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• 2021

Visual information is widely used to deliver health information more effectively on social media, but there is lack of research on how effectively visual information delivers health information on social media. This study reports Facebook users' reading patterns and cognitive tests (recall and recognition tests) results using health-related Facebook posts. For this study, 21 college students participated in online questionnaire, eye tracking experiment, and recall and recognition tests. First, users paid their attention to the area that contains information (i.e., users focused on the main text rather than photos that do not contain information). Second, in the case of Facebook posts containing infographics, users paid their attention on the infographics, but the recall and recognition test results of the posts with infographics were lower than the posts containing photos. Particularly, when the infographics are in a complex collage format, recall and recognition tests result lower scores. Third, regarding the length of the text, the Facebook posts with short text resulted in higher recall and recognition test scores than the posts with medium or long texts. This study suggested to Facebook health information providers and distributors how to design Facebook posts for delivering health information more effectively.