• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.64-88
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• 2024

Security and reliability are the utmost importance facts in intelligent networked vehicles. Stochastic Petri Net and Z (SPZN) as an excellent formal verification tool for modeling concurrent systems, can effectively handles concurrent operations within a system, establishes relationships among components, and conducts verification and reasoning to ensure the system's safety and reliability in practical applications. However, the application of a system with numerous nodes to Petri Net often leads to the issue of state explosion. To tackle these challenges, a refinement and abstraction method based on SPZN is proposed in this paper. This approach can not only refine and abstract the Stochastic Petri Net but also establish a corresponding relationship with the Z language. In determining the implementation rate of transitions in Stochastic Petri Net, we employ the interval average and weighted average method, which significantly reduces the time and space complexity compared to alternative techniques and is suitable for expert systems at various levels. This reduction facilitates subsequent comprehensive system analysis and module analysis. Furthermore, by analyzing the properties of Markov Chain isomorphism in the case study, recommendations for minimizing system risks in the application of intelligent parking within the intelligent networked vehicle system can be put forward.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.552-562
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• 1997

This paper proposes a formal method on confromance testing for INAP(AIN) test sequence generation by optimization technique.In order to implement and prove the dffectiveness of the proposed method,we specify the SRSM of INAP protocol SRF in SDL and generate I/O FSM by using our S/W tool. We generate an opti-mal test sequence by applying our method our method to this reference I/O FSM. We prove experimentally that the length of the generated test sequence by our method is more effective and shorter(i.e 32% improved)than the one geverated by UIO method,and estimate that The test coverage space of our test sequence is larger that of UIO method.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.123-136
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• 2013

The Feature model can not be guaranteed the syntactic accuracy of its model and be difficult the validation using automatic tool for its syntax, because this model is expressed by a graphical and informal structure in itself. Therefore, there is a need to formalize and check for the feature model, to precisely define syntax for construct of the model. This paper presents a Z formal specification and a model checking mechanism of the feature model to guarantee the correctness of the model. It first defines the translation rules between feature model and Z, and then converts the syntax of the feature model into the Z schema specification by applying these rules. Finally, the Z schema specification is checked syntax, type, and domain errors using the Z/Eves validation tool to assure the correctness of its specification, With the use of the proposed method, we may express more precisely the construct of the feature model. Moreover the domain analyst are able to usefully verify the errors of the generated feature model.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.17D no.6
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• pp.431-442
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• 2010

Because embedded system is combined system of hardware and software, we should design by considering elements such as real-time, reactive, small size, low weight, safe, reliable, harsh environment, low cost, and so on. However, those are poorly reflected on current embedded system development. Especially, there is few existed framework-based embedded system development. As a result, there are many internal codes which is not related with system operation in currently developed embedded system, and reusability or variability is not considered into embedded system development. Therefore we propose a formal specification technique using Z language to guarantee completeness or consistency of design of reusability framework proposed for improving reusability of embedded system. Also we assure correctness of framework design by checking Z model through Z-Eves Tool.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.574-575
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• 1996

The theme of the current study is to study intonation of Taiwanese(Tw.) by comparing the intonation patterns in native language (Ll), target language (L2), and interlanguage (IL). Studies on interlanguage have dealt primarily with segments. Though there were studies which addressed to the issues of interlanguage intonation, more often than not, they didn't offer evidence for the statement, and the hypotheses were mainly based on impression. Therefore, a formal description of interlanguage intonation is necessary for further development in this field. The basic assumption of this study is that native speakers of one language perceive and produce a second language in ways closely related to the patterns of their first language. Several studies on interlanguage prosody have suggested that prosodic structure and rules are more subject to transfer than certain other phonological phenomena, given their abstract structural nature and generality(Vogel 1991). Broselow(1988) also shows that interlanguage may provide evidence for particular analyses of the native language grammar, which may not be available from the study of the native language alone. Several research questions will be addressed in the current study: A. How does duration vary among native and nominative utterances\ulcorner The results shows that there is a significant difference in duration between the beginning English learners, and the native speakers of American English for all the eleven English sentences. The mean duration shows that the beginning English learners take almost twice as much time (1.70sec.), as Americans (O.97sec.) to produce English sentences. The results also show that American speakers take significant longer time to speak all ten Taiwanese utterances. The mean duration shows that Americans take almost twice as much time (2.24sec.) as adult Taiwanese (1.14sec.) to produce Taiwanese sentences. B. Does proficiency level influence the performance of interlanguage intonation\ulcorner Can native intonation patterns be achieved by a non-native speaker\ulcorner Wenk(1986) considers proficiency level might be a variable which related to the extent of Ll influence. His study showed that beginners do transfer rhythmic features of the Ll and advanced learners can and do succeed in overcoming mother-tongue influence. The current study shows that proficiency level does play a role in the acquisition of English intonation by Taiwanese speakers. The duration and pitch range of the advanced learners are much closer to those of the native American English speakers than the beginners, but even advanced learners still cannot achieve native-like intonation patterns. C. Do Taiwanese have a narrower pitch range in comparison with American English speakers\ulcorner Ross et. al.(1986) suggests that the presence of tone in a language significantly inhibits the unrestricted manipulation of three acoustical measures of prosody which are involved in producing local pitch changes in the fundamental frequency contour during affective signaling. Will the presence of tone in a language inhibit the ability of speakers to modulate intonation\ulcorner The results do show that Taiwanese have a narrower pitch range in comparison with American English speakers. Both advanced (84Hz) and beginning learners (58Hz) of English show a significant narrower FO range than that of Americans' (112Hz), and the difference is greater between the beginning learners' group and native American English speakers.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.45-55
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• 2008

Due to the increasing complexity of embedded system design, automatic code generation of embedded software and hardware-software co-design methodologies are gaining great interest from industries and academia. Such an automatic design methodologies are always demanding a formal system specification languages for defining designer's idea clearly and precisely. In this paper, we propose automatic embedded C code generation from SDL (Specification and Description Language, ITU-T recommended the SDL as a standard system description language) with considering a real-time uC/OS-II operating system. Our automatic embedded C code generator is expected to provide a fast specification, verification and performance evaluation platform for embedded software designs.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.2 s.105
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• pp.139-148
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• 2006

In the collaborative product design environment, the communication between designers is important to capture design intents and to share a common view among the different but semantically similar terms. The Semantic Web supports integrated and uniform access to information sources and services as well as intelligent applications by the explicit representation of the semantics buried in ontology. Ontologies provide a source of shared and precisely defined terms that can be used to describe web resources and improve their accessibility to automated processes. Therefore, employing ontologies on assembly modeling makes assembly knowledge accurate and machine interpretable. In this paper, we propose a framework of semantic assembly modeling using ontologies to share design information. An assembly modeling ontology plays as a formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization of assembly design modeling. In this paper, implicit assembly constraints are explicitly represented using OWL (Web Ontology Language) and SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language). The assembly ontology also captures design rationale including joint intent and spatial relationships.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.337-366
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• 2017

This study examines the acquisition of the multiple semantic functions of the Korean adverbial particle -ey by L1 American English learners of Korean as a second language at U.S. institutions. Participants at beginning, intermediate, and advanced proficiency levels (N = 45) were tested on the ability to interpret and produce five of the meanings of -ey, which they had been taught in formal classroom settings in the first semester of their Korean language learning. The results show different developmental trajectories for the particle's different semantic functions. The findings of a statistical analysis indicate that the beginning and intermediate proficiency learners had largely acquired the time, goal, and stative location meanings, but not the contact and unit meanings; the advanced learners demonstrated acquisition of all except for the unit meaning. The study suggests that in addition to factors such as semantic complexity and cross-linguistic influence, several other factors including L2 frequency, the availability of linguistic input, and instructional method also contribute to the acquisition of -ey.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.19
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• pp.251-270
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• 2010

The subject of the paper is to discern the validity of the translation theory put forward by the ESIT(Ecole Sup?rieur d'Interpr?tes et de Tranducteurs, Universit? Paris III) and how it differentiates from the other translation theories. First, the paper will analyze the theoretical aspects put forward by examining the equivalence that may be discerned between the french and korean translation in relation to the original english text that is being translated. Employing the equivalence in translation may shed new insights into the unterminable discussions we witness today between the literal translation and the free translation. Contrary to the formal equivalence the dynamic equivalence by Nida suggests that the messages retain the same meanings whether it be the original or a translated text to the/for the reader. In short, the object of the dynamic equivalence is to identify the closest equivalence to the suggested source language. The concept of correspondence and equivalence defined by theoriticians of translation falls to the domain of dynamic equivalence suggested by Nida. In translation theory the domain of usage of language and the that of discourse is denoted separately. by usage one denotes the translation through symbols that make up language itself. In contrast to this, the discourse is suggestive of defining the newly created expressions which may be denoted as being a creative equivalence which embodies the original message for the singular situation at hand. The translator will however find oneself incorporating the two opposing theories in translating. Translation falls under the criteria of text and not of language, thus one cannot regulate or foresee any special circumstances that may arise in translation of discourse, the translation to reflect this condition should always be delimited. All other translation should be subject to translation by equivalence. The interpretation theory in translation (of ESIT) in effect is relative to both the empirical and philosophical approach and is suggestive of new perspective in translation. In conclusion, the above suggested translation theory is different from the skopos theory and the polysystem theory in that it only takes in to account the elements that are in close relation to the original text, and also that it was developed for educational purposes opening new perspectives in the domain of translation theories.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 2004

Recently there have been various research activities regarding Korean traditional aesthetics. However, those researches were mainly conducted individually, partially, and periodically, which resulted in unsystematic and incomprehensive works. Therefore, it is required to orginze all the precedent research works with more systematic and objective framework. Generally speaking, all the human activities including aesthetic activity have ends, procedure and means. In other words, human being needs three key elements for realizing any thought and those three elements include contents, formal, and practical element. Element of contents is ultimate goal to accomplish as value, concept, and meaning of thought with their aims. Formal element includes methods, principles, norms, procedure, formality and style comprising of thought in order to accomplish the goal. Finally, practical element refers to specific means, tool, media, material and techniques to concretize the contents through form. Almost all of thoughts and meaning which human being tries to express consist of language. Major elements in sentence include 'subject (omissible)' , 'objects (aim)', 'predicate (formality)', 'complement (means)' and they are composed systematically and hierarchically with rules in sentence. The study compared human activity model with language structure and analyzed their implication with design (aesthetics), which made it possible to propose analytic frameworks for traditional aesthetics. In addition, the study also systematically organized the way to realize traditional aesthetic value in the present context based on the methods developed in this study.