Ursolic acid (UA)와 oleanolic acid (ONA)는 pentacyclic triterpenoid 성분으로 많은 식물들과 의학, 임상용 허브 등에 존재한다. 이런 UA나 ONA는 free acid 형태로 나타나거나, 1개 이상의 당이 연결된 aglycone으로 triterpenoid 배당체를 구성한다. UA와 ONA는 유사한 구조를 가지며 비슷한 약리효과를 나타내는 것으로 알려져 있다. 최근 연구에 의하면, 항종양, 간보호, 항염증, 함암 및 항균역할을 하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 우리는 급성 장벽손상 및 정상 무모쥐 피부에 미치는 영항에 대한 연구를 했다. UA와 ONA의 피부장벽 회복에 대한 효과를 평가하기 위해서, 8-12주 된 무모쥐를 테이프 스트리핑 한 후, 한쪽 옆구리에 0.01 -0.1mg/mL 농도로 UA 또는 ONA를 국소도포하고 한쪽에는 vehicle만 처치하여 경표피 수분손실(TEWL)량을 측정하였다. UA (0.1mg/mL)와 ONA (0.5mg/mL)를 처리한 그룹의 회복률이 vehicle 처리군에 비해 테이프 스트리핑 후 6 h에서 20% 이상 증가했다.(p < 0.01). 또한 UA와 ONA의 급성장벽손상 회복과 함께 정상 피부장벽 기능에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 정상 피부장벽 기능에 대한 효과를 알아보기 위해, 보습력과 경표피 수분손실량을 UA와 ONA (각 2 mg/mL)를 처리한 1주째와 3주째에 측정하였고, 또한 표피와 진피의 상태를 확인하기 위해서 현미경 관찰을 실시하였다. 두 시료를 1주째부터 vehicle 도포군과 비교, 경표피 수분손실 없이 보습력을 증가시켰다(p < 0.005). 전자현미경 사진을 통해 UA와 ONA 도포에 따라 분비되는 층판소체의 증감(ONA
인터넷의 발달로, 소비자들은 이커머스에서 손쉽게 상품 정보를 확인한다. 이때 활용되는 상품 리뷰는 사용자 경험을 토대로 작성되어 구매의사결정의 효율성을 높일 뿐만 아니라 상품 개발에 도움을 주기도 한다. 하지만, 방대한 양의 상품 리뷰에서 관심있는 평가차원의 세부내용을 파악하는 데에는 많은 시간과 노력이 소비된다. 예를 들어, 노트북을 구매하려는 소비자들은 성능, 무게, 디자인과 같은 평가차원에 대해 각 차원별로 비교 상품의 평가를 확인하고자 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 상품 리뷰에서 다차원 상품평가 점수를 자동적으로 생성하는 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 방안은 크게 2단계로 구성된다. 사전준비 단계와 개별상품평가 단계로, 대분류 상품군 리뷰를 토대로 사전에 생성된 차원분류모델과 감성분석모델이 개별상품의 리뷰를 분석하게 된다. 차원분류모델은 워드임베딩과 연관분석을 결합함으로써 기존 연구에서 차원과 단어들의 관련성을 찾기 위한 워드임베딩 방식이 문장 내 단어의 위치만을 본다는 한계를 보완한다. 감성분석모델은 정확한 극성 판단을 위해 구(phrase) 단위로 긍부정이 태깅된 학습데이터를 구성하여 CNN 모델을 생성한다. 이를 통해, 개별상품평가 단계에서는 구 단위의 리뷰에 준비된 모델들을 적용하고 평가차원별로 종합함으로써 다차원 평가점수를 얻을 수 있다. 본 논문의 실험에서는 대분류 상품군 리뷰 약 260,000건으로 평가모델을 구성하고, S사와 L사의 노트북 리뷰 각 1,011건과 1,062건을 실험데이터로 활용한다. 차원분류모델은 구로 분해한 개별상품 리뷰를 6개 평가차원으로 분류했고, 기존 워드임베딩 방식보다 연관분석을 결합한 모델의 정확도가 13.7% 증가했음을 볼 수 있었다. 감성분석모델은 문장보다 구 단위로 학습한 모델이 평가차원을 면밀히 분석함으로써 29.4% 더 높은 정확도를 보임을 확인했다. 본 연구를 통해 판매자, 소비자 모두가 상품의 다차원적 비교가 가능하다는 점에서 구매 및 상품 개발에 효율적인 의사결정을 기대할 수 있다.
본 연구는 국내외 프랜차이즈의 해외진출에 대한 연구들을 바탕으로 국제프랜차이징연구의 전체적인 연구체계를 세워보고, 연구체계를 형성하고 있는 연구요인들을 확인하여 각 연구요소별로 이루어지는 연구주제와 내용을 살펴보고, 앞으로의 연구주제들을 제안하고자 한다. 주요한 연구요소들은 국제프랜차이징의 동기 및 환경 요소과 진출의사결정, 국제프랜차이징의 진입양식 및 발전전략, 국제프랜차이징의 운영전략 및 국제프랜차이징의 성과이다. 이외에도 국제프랜차이징 연구에 적용할 수 있는 대리인이론, 자원기반이론, 거래비용이론, 조직학습이론 및 해외진출이론들을 설명하였다. 또한 국제프랜차이징연구에서 보다 중점적으로 개발해야 할 질적, 양적 방법론을 소개하였으며, 마지막으로 국내연구의 동향을 정리하여 추후의 연구방향을 종합적으로 정리하였다.
To survive in the global competitive environment, enterprise should be able to solve various problems and find the optimal solution effectively. The big-data is being perceived as a tool for solving enterprise problems effectively and improve competitiveness with its' various problem solving and advanced predictive capabilities. Due to its remarkable performance, the implementation of big data systems has been increased through many enterprises around the world. Currently the big-data is called the 'crude oil' of the 21st century and is expected to provide competitive superiority. The reason why the big data is in the limelight is because while the conventional IT technology has been falling behind much in its possibility level, the big data has gone beyond the technological possibility and has the advantage of being utilized to create new values such as business optimization and new business creation through analysis of big data. Since the big data has been introduced too hastily without considering the strategic value deduction and achievement obtained through the big data, however, there are difficulties in the strategic value deduction and data utilization that can be gained through big data. According to the survey result of 1,800 IT professionals from 18 countries world wide, the percentage of the corporation where the big data is being utilized well was only 28%, and many of them responded that they are having difficulties in strategic value deduction and operation through big data. The strategic value should be deducted and environment phases like corporate internal and external related regulations and systems should be considered in order to introduce big data, but these factors were not well being reflected. The cause of the failure turned out to be that the big data was introduced by way of the IT trend and surrounding environment, but it was introduced hastily in the situation where the introduction condition was not well arranged. The strategic value which can be obtained through big data should be clearly comprehended and systematic environment analysis is very important about applicability in order to introduce successful big data, but since the corporations are considering only partial achievements and technological phases that can be obtained through big data, the successful introduction is not being made. Previous study shows that most of big data researches are focused on big data concept, cases, and practical suggestions without empirical study. The purpose of this study is provide the theoretically and practically useful implementation framework and strategies of big data systems with conducting comprehensive literature review, finding influencing factors for successful big data systems implementation, and analysing empirical models. To do this, the elements which can affect the introduction intention of big data were deducted by reviewing the information system's successful factors, strategic value perception factors, considering factors for the information system introduction environment and big data related literature in order to comprehend the effect factors when the corporations introduce big data and structured questionnaire was developed. After that, the questionnaire and the statistical analysis were performed with the people in charge of the big data inside the corporations as objects. According to the statistical analysis, it was shown that the strategic value perception factor and the inside-industry environmental factors affected positively the introduction intention of big data. The theoretical, practical and political implications deducted from the study result is as follows. The frist theoretical implication is that this study has proposed theoretically effect factors which affect the introduction intention of big data by reviewing the strategic value perception and environmental factors and big data related precedent studies and proposed the variables and measurement items which were analyzed empirically and verified. This study has meaning in that it has measured the influence of each variable on the introduction intention by verifying the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variables through structural equation model. Second, this study has defined the independent variable(strategic value perception, environment), dependent variable(introduction intention) and regulatory variable(type of business and corporate size) about big data introduction intention and has arranged theoretical base in studying big data related field empirically afterwards by developing measurement items which has obtained credibility and validity. Third, by verifying the strategic value perception factors and the significance about environmental factors proposed in the conventional precedent studies, this study will be able to give aid to the afterwards empirical study about effect factors on big data introduction. The operational implications are as follows. First, this study has arranged the empirical study base about big data field by investigating the cause and effect relationship about the influence of the strategic value perception factor and environmental factor on the introduction intention and proposing the measurement items which has obtained the justice, credibility and validity etc. Second, this study has proposed the study result that the strategic value perception factor affects positively the big data introduction intention and it has meaning in that the importance of the strategic value perception has been presented. Third, the study has proposed that the corporation which introduces big data should consider the big data introduction through precise analysis about industry's internal environment. Fourth, this study has proposed the point that the size and type of business of the corresponding corporation should be considered in introducing the big data by presenting the difference of the effect factors of big data introduction depending on the size and type of business of the corporation. The political implications are as follows. First, variety of utilization of big data is needed. The strategic value that big data has can be accessed in various ways in the product, service field, productivity field, decision making field etc and can be utilized in all the business fields based on that, but the parts that main domestic corporations are considering are limited to some parts of the products and service fields. Accordingly, in introducing big data, reviewing the phase about utilization in detail and design the big data system in a form which can maximize the utilization rate will be necessary. Second, the study is proposing the burden of the cost of the system introduction, difficulty in utilization in the system and lack of credibility in the supply corporations etc in the big data introduction phase by corporations. Since the world IT corporations are predominating the big data market, the big data introduction of domestic corporations can not but to be dependent on the foreign corporations. When considering that fact, that our country does not have global IT corporations even though it is world powerful IT country, the big data can be thought to be the chance to rear world level corporations. Accordingly, the government shall need to rear star corporations through active political support. Third, the corporations' internal and external professional manpower for the big data introduction and operation lacks. Big data is a system where how valuable data can be deducted utilizing data is more important than the system construction itself. For this, talent who are equipped with academic knowledge and experience in various fields like IT, statistics, strategy and management etc and manpower training should be implemented through systematic education for these talents. This study has arranged theoretical base for empirical studies about big data related fields by comprehending the main variables which affect the big data introduction intention and verifying them and is expected to be able to propose useful guidelines for the corporations and policy developers who are considering big data implementationby analyzing empirically that theoretical base.
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70