• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권6호
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• pp.900-907
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• 2010

자연휴양림은 개인의 자아개발과 자연에 대한 교육, 숲 속에서의 심신의 휴양공간을 방문객에게 제공하는 공익적 시설중의 하나다. 이러한 방문객이 누리는 휴양의 가치는 단순히 방문비용만으로 그 가치를 추정하기 곤란하다. 이러한 환경재, 또는 비시장재의 가치를 측정하기 위해 많이 적용되어진 기법 중의 하나가 조건부가치측정법 또는 가상적 가치추정법이라고 불리는 CVM 이다. 모집단으로 설정한 충북지역 12개소 자연휴양림 중 6개소를 조사 대상지로 선정하여 경제학적인 접근법으로 측정한 충북지역의 일인당 연간 휴양의 가치는 약 14,000원에서부터 약 16,500원 사이로 추정하였다. 그리고 연간이용객을 적용한 충북지역 자연휴양림 1개소의 휴양가치는 약 12억 원에서 약 13억 원, 충북지역 전체 자연휴양림이 제공하는 휴양의 가치는 연간 약 150억 원에서 약 169억 원으로 추정하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2003

In most mountainous parts of the temperate zone of Japan along the Pacific Ocean, some climatic climax forests, whose main dominant species is Fagus crenate, F. japonica or Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata, are distributed. In the riparian regions of the zone, however, there appear summer green forests composed of the different species from the climatic climax forests. Climate plays an important role in determining the overall distribution of vegetation, but some environmental factors, i.e., topography, soil type, soil moisture content, etc. have a great influence on vegetation formation. Riparian forests seem to be controlled by various geomorphologic disturbances, such as landslide, soil erosion and accumulation. The study aims to present the relationships among vegetation, soils and landforms in the process of determining riparian forests dominated by Fraxinus platypoda and Pterocarya rhoifolia establishment in the mountainous region of central Japan. The study area extends an area of 302 ha with a range of elevation between 925 m and 1,681 m at the Chichibu mountains. The landforms were corditied at sampling grids (25 $\times$ 25 m, n = 4,843) using a hierarchical system, and a brief description of the forest soil classification was also given. The mutual relationship analysis indicated that forest soils and landforms play a significant role in determining the geomorphological process of riparian forest, and shaping the ultimate pattern of vegetation. At the study area, riparian forests were mainly found on the $B_E$ forest soil type and steep slopes ( > 30$^{\circ}$) at convex slopes along the streams. On the other hand, the direction of slopes did not have a significant impact on the establishment of the riparian forests. A mosaic of patchy distribution of those riparian forests on the slightly wetter $B_E$ forest soil type was one of the characteristic features of the study area. This particular soil which contained large talus gravels was found on the land formed by erosion and deposition of landslide.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.169-182
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a 3 day Hwa-Byung forests healing program, which consists of helpful contents of Korean medicine. Methods : This study examined the effects of forests healing for Hwa-Byung patients, visited Korean medicine hospital neuropsychiatry clinic for outpatients. The Hwa-Byung forests healing program was run with 20 participants; 4 of them quit in the middle of the program and excluded in data analysis. The Hwa-Byung forests healing program consisted of 3 day helpful Korean medicine contents. The primary outcome measurement was Hwa-Byung symptom score, which measured various symptoms of Hwa-Byung. Results : The results of this study showed that Hwa-Byung symptoms were significantly alleviated. General psychological states, including depression, anxiety, and anger, were significantly improved. Quality of life was also enhanced after 3 day program. These results indicate that the 3 day Hwa-Byung forests healing program was effective for the overall improvements of Hwa-Byung patients. Conclusions : The 3 day Hwa-Byung forests healing program were shown to be an effective intervention in improving the overall aspects of Hwa-Byung patients, including symptoms, depression, anxiety, anger, and Quality of life.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

Riverside forests make a river bank stable because trees of them hold together the stone and soil by roots and decrease the speed of running fluid by trunks. So they become known to have positive effects on flood prevention. So This study will be a basic study to preserve and restore of riverside forests. The goal of this study is to classify types of Han riverside forests between Yangpyeng and Yeoju gun. and find out sites of planting. Results of this study can be summarized as follows; The evaluation indicators were set up based on literature review and site survey. Two indicator categories were developed: natural environment and human environment. And they were divided into 5 sub-categories for calculating weights. As for the major indicator categories, the weighted index of natural environment is at 0.5. And the weighted index of human environment is at 0.5 followed by access at 0.15, the range of user at 0.15, cultivated land at 0.1 and legislation at 0.1. This study selected 53 sites for riverside forests planting. They were classified with types of bank(11), level-upped riverside(32), island(10). The amount of the length of 11 bank types is 23,050m, the area of 32 level-upped riverside types is $4,490,000m^2$ and the area of 10 island types is $4,590,000m^2$. After the evaluation of 53 riverside forests, this study selected 12 sites of riverside forests. They were two bank types, nine level-upped riverside types, and one island type. Rebuilding riverside forests are to accomplish the green network which links and divides region. It will be one of the best ecological methods to construct friendly environmental region.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the difference in facilities of natural recreation forests developed by public and private body to answer the research that what is the difference in development of natural recreation forest between public and private developer\ulcorner After reviewing the literatures, developer's decision-making and motivation of investment, and the planning process of natural recreation forest, we had constructed th conceptual framework and have found the hypothesis of this research. Using data on development status of natural recreation forests and questionnaire surveying of 625 visitors from 9 among 72 natural recreation forests in Korea, We analyzed the data through the comparison of quantity of facilities per 1000 visitors and logistic regression method for quality of facilities. We have found that 1) the six facilities have been turned out to be statistically significant in determining the difference of public and private recreation forests. i.e., infrastructure including roads, maintenance and information and lodging and evacuation, indoor education, outdoor education, and shopping, 2) public recreation forests are well equipped such basic facility as roads, maintenance and information, lodging and evacuation while private recreation forests are well equipped such facility as indoor education, outdoor education, and shopping, and 3) the importance of such facility as roads, maintenance and information, lodging and evacuation, outdoor education, and shopping have been turned out to have 1.99, 2.26, 1.99, 3.01 and 2.24 times more important than that of indoor education, respectively. We can conclude that public recreation forest seems to be equipped with the facilities for sound recreational opportunities for general public, and private recreation forest turned out to have more facilities for pursuit of profits, installed basic facilities for user convenience and service, and special facilities for attracting user and raising revenue. Using the results of this research, we can make a guideline for a market positioning, and standards and provisions of natural recreation forests. We suggest that the relationship between user-satisfaction and recreation facility is needed to be examined in the future research.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권5호
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• pp.591-594
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• 2006

To have better urban forests in future we are focusing on two major issues like other countries. How we could have more urban forest-quantitative approach-against the expanding of urbanization, and how we could produce better urban forest-qualitative approach-to give a chance in contact with better nature for urban people. Prime surveys on urban forests have been carried out in 6 major cities since 1991, and the city of Daegu which is located on the east southern area of Korea have been case studied for qualitative approaches during last 3 years. Major species of the remnant forests were Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida, Pinus thunbergii and Robinia pseudoacacia. Approximately 20% of the surveyed forests were lost their structure as forests caused by illegal farming, facilities and as the bare ground by excessive visitors. Generally speaking the condition of forests for biotope was very poor in overall. From two years data of monitoring of birds, we found that wooded parkways and woodland squares had more species than street tree areas. Nests were found mainly on the branch of Zelkova serrata, Pinus densiflora and Quercus myrsinaefolia. The size of urban forests mainly determined the species richness of birds. According to the oxygen output and carbon input by photosynthesis measurement, the capability was in order of Platanus occidentalis, Zelkova serrata and Ginko biloba. Air conditioning effects of trees through transpiration measurement was found and the quality of forests also related to the reducing of urban heat-island.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.439-450
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• 1997

The potential natural vegtation of the Pukhansan National Park area, mid-western Korea, was inferred from the actual vegetation. With the phytosociological classification and field surveys, the actual vegetation map of the park area was made on a scale of 1:25, 000, including fourteen communities. By the analyses of the species diversity, the age structure, the human interferences and various informations on vegetation changes, two pathways of late stage succession from Pinus densiflora forests to the climatic climax were suggested. One is from Quercus serrata forests to Q. mongolica forests throughout the mountain and the other, from Q. variabilis or Q. acutissima forests to Carpinus laxiflora forests in lower parts. Considering the vegetation changes, the potential natural vegetation of the park area mainly composed of Q. mongolica, C. laxiflora, P. densiflora and Zelkova serrata forest as the climatic and/or edaphic climax was inferred.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.191-202
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• 1989

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between soil mites(Acarina:Cryptostigmata) and vegetation in sampled area. From July 1984 to June 1985, samples were taken monthly from coniferous forests; a pinenut (Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.) forest (site C-1), a whitepine(Pinus strobus L.) forest (site C-2), a needle fir tree(Abies holophyla Max.) forest (site C-3), and three broad-leaved forests; site B-1, B-2, and B-3 in Cholanamdo province, southerm part of Korea. Vascular plants of 152 species belonging to 115 genera (53 families) were identified. The flora in the coniferous forests were more diverse than in the broad-leaved forest. Similarity coefficient to the flora was shown highly between the neighbouring sites. The oribatid species in the coniferous forests were more diverse than those in the broadleaved forests. The similarity index suggested that oribatid mites in those surveying sites could be divided into "coniferous forest type" and "broad-leaved forest type".d forest type".uot;.

• 농촌계획
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.38-45
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics and suggest the Improvement directions of the facilities in Recreational Forests. This study adopted such various analysis methods as reviewing related documents, surveying the existing sites, and using questionnaire to visitors and managers. The result of this study can be summarized as follows ; 1) The major facilities of Recreational Forests are the lodging, recreation, and sports ones. 2) The primary factor for the visitor's satisfaction is the quality of natural environment, but that for their dissatisfaction is the lack of variety of the available facility. 3) The major problems of facilities in Recreational Forests are their number and design. This study suggests the improvement of accessibility and design of the facilities in the Recreational Forests.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.165-173
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• 1987

Odong Island, Yeosu, is the one of the Hallyosudo National Marine Park. The vegetation of this island was surveed from July, 1986 through April, 1987. By the Braun-Blanquet's method, the vegetation of Odong Island was classified into 7 communities and 4 afforestations; that is, Pseudosasa japonica community and Phyllostachys bambusoides afforestation (bamboo stands), Mallotus japonicus, Quercus acutissima community, Prunus serrulata var. spontanes and Celtis sinenesis afforestation (deciduous forests), Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii community, Chamaecyparis pisifera afforestation (evergreen needle-leaved forests), and Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii-Camellia japonica and Machilus thunbergii-Camellia japonica community (evergreen broad-leaved forests). Based on the classification, the actual vegetation map of the island was prepared in scale 1:2,600. Judging by the DBH class distribution and many other informations, ww can expect that the coniferous forests area of the island will be replaced by evergreen broad-lea ed forests after a few future.